New type of sludge density meter using microwaves for application in sewage treatment plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Seiji Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Microwave Measurement ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type

Sludge density is an important index for the control of sewage and sludge treatment processes. A new measuring method for sludge density, the microwave phase difference method, has been tested with a good correlation between density and phase difference. Comparison tests with conventional ultrasonic density meters have shown characteristics that are superior to the flow-through type and equivalent to the defoaming type. We developed a sludge density meter that uses this method and made long-term field tests on the sludge pipelines in sewage treatment plants. Results demonstrated a good correlation with the values that were obtained by manual analysis, with excellent linearity from low density of less than 1% to high density of about 30%. This new microwave measurement method is less affected by soil build-up and air bubbles, is able to measure a wide range of densities from low to high, and is capable of continuous measurement. It is a highly reliable measuring method for practical applications.

scholarly journals Distribution and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Liquid and Solid Phases in the Unit Processes of Sewage Treatment Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwon Park ◽  
Changsoo Kim ◽  
Youngmin Hong ◽  
Wonseok Lee ◽  
Hyenmi Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

In this study, we analyzed 27 pharmaceuticals in liquid and solid phase samples collected from the unit processes of four different sewage treatment plants (STPs) to evaluate their distribution and behavior of the pharmaceuticals. The examination of the relative distributions of various categories of pharmaceuticals in the influent showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most dominant. While the relative distribution of antibiotics in the influent was not high (i.e., 3%–5%), it increased to 14%–30% in the effluent. In the four STPs, the mass load of the target pharmaceuticals was reduced by 88%–95% mainly in the biological treatment process, whereas the ratio of pharmaceuticals in waste sludge to those in the influent (w/w) was only 2%. In all the STPs, the removal efficiencies for the stimulant caffeine, NSAIDs (acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid), and the antibiotic cefradine were high; they were removed mainly by biological processes. Certain compounds, such as the NSAID ketoprofen, contrast agent iopromide, lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, showed varying removal efficiencies depending on the contribution of biodegradation and sludge sorption. In addition, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed to compare the pharmaceutical removal efficiencies of the biological treatment processes in the four STPs, which were a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process, and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Among the biological processes, the removal efficiency was in the order of MBR > SBR > A2O > MBBR. Among the tertiary treatment processes investigated, powdered activated carbon showed the highest removal efficiency of 18%–63% for gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, atenolol, cimetidine, and trimethoprim.

Analysis and Application of New-Type High Performance Cold-Patch Mixture for Pavement

2017 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Xin Guo ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Xiong Li Huang ◽  
Dian Gang Zhai
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Adhesive Effect

A new-type high performance cold-patch mixture was made from new-type cold-patch asphalt emulsion, which is able to promote the adhesive effect of asphalt and aggregate. This new mixture boasts advantages such as good workability and being free from bad weather like rain and low temperature. During the production, the evaluation method of cold-patch asphalt material was improved by the adoption of rotary viscosity test and paper trail test. Field tests were carried out on some sections of Linchang Expressway. When compared to existing repair materials, the new-type cold-patch mixture showed better repair effect as well as the potential for a wide range of promotion.

Analysis and occurrence of typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals in three sewage treatment plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2501-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Wang ◽  
X. H. Zhang ◽  
N. F. Y. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Seven typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in wastewater, were simultaneously determined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Samples, including influents, effluents and wastewater of different unit processes, were taken seasonally from three different sewage treatment plants. The result showed that BPA and EE2 were the two main types of EDCs in all the samples. The average concentration of BPA were in the range of 268.1–2,588.5 ng l−1 in influents and 34.0–3,099.6 ng l−1 in effluents, while EE2 ranging from 133.1 to 403.2 ng l−1 and from 35.3 to 269.1 ng l−1, respectively. Seasonal change of EDCs levels in effluents was obvious between wet season and dry season. Besides, BPA and E3 could be effectively removed by the biological treatment processes (oxidation ditch and A2/O) with the unit removal of 64–91% and 63–100% for each compound, while other five EDCs had moderate or low removal rates. The study also proved that physical treatment processes, including screening, primary sedimentation and pure aeration, had no or little effect on EDCs removal.

Spatial and seasonal distribution of synthetic musks in sewage treatment plants of Shanghai, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Sang ◽  
Yalei Zhang ◽  
Xuefei Zhou ◽  
T. C. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Emerging Contaminant ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Synthetic Musks ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Musk Xylene ◽  
Positive Correlations

As one kind of emerging contaminant, synthetic musks (SMs) are commonly used in varying amounts in many personal care products and have been detected in different environmental systems. Occurrence and fate of four common SMs [galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK)] were studied in different sewage treatment plants (STPs) of Shanghai, China among different seasons. Results showed that total dissolved concentrations of the four SMs were 536–3,173 ng/L in influent, 351–2,595 ng/L in effluent and 147–6,839 μg/kg dry weights in sludge. The SM concentrations varied with input sources, STP treatment processes, usage patterns, and different seasons or surveyed years of consumption. There was no significant removal of SMs in most of the sewage samples of the four STPs. Significant positive correlations were observed between concentrations of HHCB and AHTN (R2 = 0.9062, n = 12, p< 0.05), HHCB and MK (R2 = 0.7471, n = 8, p< 0.05), as well as AHTN and MK (R2 = 0.9321, n = 8, p< 0.05) in sludge samples.

scholarly journals Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage Treatment Plants between January 2020 and July 2021 in Taiwan

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Wei-Lun Huang ◽  
Wen-Bin Fann ◽  
Rong-Jun Shen ◽  
Yi Chu ◽  
Jyh-Yuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Different Parts

An outbreak of a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, and it later spread to other areas of China and around the world. Taiwan reported the first confirmed case from an individual who returned from Wuhan, China, in January 2020 for Chinese New Year. Monitoring microbes in environmental sewage is an important epidemiological indicator, especially for pathogens that can be shed in feces such as poliovirus. We have conducted additional SARS-CoV-2 sewage testing since January 2020 using a well-established poliovirus environmental sewage surveillance system in Taiwan. Wastewater samples were collected from 11 sewage treatment plants from different parts of Taiwan twice a month for laboratory testing. By the end of July 2021, 397 wastewater specimens had been tested, and two samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. These two wastewater samples were collected in the northern region of Taiwan from Taipei (site A) and New Taipei City (site C) at the beginning of June 2021. This result is consistent with the significant increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases observed in the same period of time. As the pandemic ebbed after June, the wastewater samples in these areas also tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in July 2021.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF CHIRAL MAGNETIC BOBBERS AND NEW CONCEPT FOR MAGNETIC SOLID-STATE MEMORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
F.N. Rybakov ◽  
A.B. Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type ◽  
Magnetic Solid ◽  
Magnetic Skyrmions ◽  
Strong Spin

Chiral magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale vortex-like spin textures that form in the presence of an applied magnetic field in ferromagnets that support the DzyaloshinskiiMoriya interaction (DMI) because of strong spin-orbit coupling and broken inversion symmetry of the crystal. Recently, a new type of localized particle-like object – the chiral bobber (ChB) – was predicted theoretically (Rybakov et al., 2015) in such materials. Here, we report the direct observation of ChBs (Zheng et al., 2018) in thin films of B20-type FeGe by means of quantitative off-axis electron holography. Furthermore, we show that ChBs are able to coexist with skyrmions over a wide range of parameters, which suggests their possible practical applications in novel magnetic solid-state memory devices, in which a stream of binary data bits can be encoded by a sequence of skyrmions and bobbers. Work was performed within the state task of FANO Russia (subject “Quantum,” No. g.r. 01201463332) (АААА-А18-118020190095-4)).

scholarly journals Study on the Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Different Biological Treatment Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
The Impact

Due to the irrational use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes are widely present in the environmental media of our lives. Antibiotics have potential environmental and public health risks, and they bring harm to the environment in which we live. Sewage treatment plants are antibiotic resistance genes’ repository and important process for removing antibiotic resistance genes. The different processes they use in sewage treatment plants, the effect of removing antibiotic resistance genes is also different. In order to discuss the impact of different processes on the removal of antibiotic resistance genes, we selected three wastewater treatment plant samples with different treatment processes for testing, and used the fluorescence quantitative analysis technology of 16SrRNA gene to study the abundance, distribution and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in different treatment processes. The results showed that the AAO process, the oxidation ditch process, and the CASS process all have high removal effect on antibiotic resistance genes, they all can reduce the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, and the oxidation ditch process is the best process of the three treatment processes.

Strategy for land application of sewage sludge in Norway

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Paulsrud ◽  
Kjell Terje Nedland
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Green Areas

The Norwegian public health and environmental authorities have launched a regulation for sewage sludge handling and disposal aiming at increasing the amount of sludge to be utilised on land areas. The strategy for achieving this is to secure that only high quality sludge is being offered to agriculture and green areas; the two disposal routes acceptable for land application of sludge in Norway. Most sewage treatment plants have experienced a considerable reduction in sludge heavy metals content during the last 15-20 years and the major reason for this is believed to be the continuous control of industrial effluents discharged to the municipal sewerage system and the implementation of cleaner technologies in the industry. Health risks and odour nuisance from the sewage sludge will be almost eliminated by employing treatment processes with the main purpose of disinfection and stabilisation of the sludge.

Application of biochemical products as a bioremediation technique for domestic sewage treatment plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmiati ◽  
M.R. Salim ◽  
R.Md. Hassan ◽  
K.Y. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Overall Performance

Biochemical products have been widely used for treatment of various types of wastewater. The treatment processes with the addition of biochemical products are quite attractive because of their simplicity, minimal use of equipment, they are environmentally friendly and are suitable for the removal of organic pollutants. The purpose of these products is to enhance the activities of beneficial microbes in order to improve treatment performance. This study was carried out to determine the potential of applying biochemical products in assisting and improving the performance of sewage treatment plants. In this study, four biochemical products, namely: Zeolite, Bio-C, Eco-B and Was-D, were applied to the sewage treatment plant. Analyses were carried out on several water quality parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), oil & grease (O&G), phosphorus (P), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and sludge thickness (ST). From the results obtained, it can be seen that the overall performance of the treatment plant improved with most of the parameters studied were found to fulfill the DOE Standard B requirements. The performance of Bio-C was found to give better results than other products.

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