scholarly journals Clay Nanotube Immobilization on Animal Hair for Sustained Anti-Lice Protection

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Naureen Rahman ◽  
Faith Hannah Scott ◽  
Yuri Lvov ◽  
Anna Stavitskaya ◽  
Farida Akhatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Hair Coverage ◽  
Hair Surface

Topical administration of drugs is required for the treatment of parasitic diseases and insect infestations; therefore, fabrication of nanoscale drug carriers for effective insecticide topical delivery is needed. Here we report the enhanced immobilization of halloysite tubule nanoclay onto semiaquatic capybaras which have hydrophobic hair surfaces as compared to their close relatives, land-dwelling guinea pigs, and other agricultural livestock. The hair surface of mammals varies in hydrophobicity having a cortex surrounded by cuticles. Spontaneous 1–2 µm thick halloysite hair coverages on the semi-aquatic rodent capybara, non-aquatic rodent guinea pig, and farm goats were compared. The best coating was found for capybara due to the elevated 5 wt% wax content. As a result, we suggest hair pretreatment with diluted wax for enhanced nanoclay adsorption. The formation of a stable goat hair coverage with a 2–3 µm halloysite layer loaded with permethrin insecticide allowed for long-lasting anti-parasitic protection, enduring multiple rain wettings and washings. We expect that our technology will find applications in animal parasitosis protection and may be extended to prolonged human anti-lice treatment.

scholarly journals Polymer-Based Carriers in Dental Local Healing—Review and Future Challenges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3948
Author(s):  
Dorota Kida ◽  
Aneta Zakrzewska ◽  
Jacek Zborowski ◽  
Małgorzata Szulc ◽  
Bożena Karolewicz
Keyword(s):  
Active Substance ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Affected Tissue

Polymers in drug formulation technology and the engineering of biomaterials for the treatment of oral diseases constitute a group of excipients that often possess additional properties in addition to their primary function, i.e., biological activity, sensitivity to stimuli, mucoadhesive properties, improved penetration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) across biological barriers, and effects on wound healing or gingival and bone tissue regeneration. Through the use of multifunctional polymers, it has become possible to design carriers and materials tailored to the specific conditions and site of application, to deliver the active substance directly to the affected tissue, including intra-periodontal pocket delivery, and to release the active substance in a timed manner, allowing for the improvement of the form of application and further development of therapeutic strategies. The scope of this review is polymeric drug carriers and materials developed from selected multifunctional groups of natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers for topical therapeutic applications. Moreover, the characteristics of the topical application and the needs for the properties of carriers for topical administration of an active substance in the treatment of oral diseases are presented to more understand the difficulties associated with the design of optimal active substance carriers and materials for the treatment of lesions located in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Rheology of Drugs For Topical and Transdermal Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Walicka ◽  
J. Falicki ◽  
B. Iwanowska-Chomiak
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Constant Source

Abstract Skin drug delivery systems are a constant source of interest because of the benefits that they offer to overcome many drawbacks associated with other modes of drug delivery (i.e. oral, intravenous, etc.). Because of the impermeable nature of the skin, designing a suitable drug delivery vehicle that penetrates the skin barrier is challenging. Skin drug delivery can be subdivided into topical and transdermal (Fig.1). In a topical administration the drug is intended to act at skin level, this is indicated for the treatment of skin diseases. The aim of transdermal administration is getting a systemic release and in this case the skin represents a barrier not a target. The availability of drugs or other active substances through the skin depends basically on two consecutive steps: the release of these drugs or substances from vehicle or carrier and their subsequent permeation through the skin. Hence, studies on the specific properties of vehicles or carriers, such as their rheological behaviours, are of great interest in the field of pharmaceutical products. The objective of the present study is to systematically characterize a nonlinear rheological behaviour and flow properties of drugs and drug carriers into topical and transdermal administration. To this aim, one- and threedimensional rheological models are presented, which may be used to describe drug release through the skin and through the extracellular and interstitial matrix structures. Finally, the rheological measurements of some commercial creams and ointments were made.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE ENTEROPARASITOSES EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES ATENDIDOS POR UMA AÇÃO SOCIAL NA CIDADE DE SOROCABA – SP

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. eUJ4004
Author(s):  
Izadora Renosto ◽  
◽  
Isabella Kurokawa Sanches ◽  
Larissa Guerino Ferla ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Oliveira da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The City ◽  
Major Health Issue

Enteric parasitic diseases pose a major health issue in Brazil. Children living in poorer areas are particularly more likely to become infected with parasites, as inadequate living conditions favor dissemination of such parasites. This work aimed to determine prevalence of parasites in stool samples obtained from children and teenagers supported by social services in the city of Sorocaba – São Paulo. Three stool samples were collected from each child enrolled in the study; samples were subjected to spontaneous sedimentation and then analyzed under a microscope. Children (or any close relatives for them responsible) answered a form regarding education level, eating habits, having had previous enteric parasitic diseases and presence of symptoms associated with such diseases. Prevalence of enteric parasitic diseases was 30%, these being caused by Entamoeba coli (20%), Giardia lamblia (2.5%), Iodamoeba butschlii (2.5%) and Urbanorum spp. (5%); no helminths were identified. While there is a likely contamination of children and teenagers via drinking water and food, prevalence of enteric parasitic diseases was lower when compared to other studies found in scientific literature, most likely due to local families being supported by social services.

scholarly journals In Vitro Profiling of Pramiconazole and In Vivo Evaluation in Microsporum canis Dermatitis and Candida albicans Vaginitis Laboratory Models

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4927-4929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly de Wit ◽  
Caroline Paulussen ◽  
An Matheeussen ◽  
Koen van Rossem ◽  
Paul Cos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
Laboratory Models

ABSTRACT The triazole antifungal pramiconazole (Stiefel, a GSK company) was compared with itraconazole, miconazole, and terbinafine in vitro and in vivo. Potent in vitro activities against Candida spp. (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 0.04 to 1.83 μM) and Microsporum and Trichophyton spp. (IC50, 0.15 to 1.34 μM) were obtained but not, however, against other filamentous molds and zygomycetes. In the M. canis guinea pig model and C. albicans vulvovaginitis rat model, pramiconazole was superior to the reference compounds after oral and topical administration.

In vitro and in vivo activity of analogues of the kinin B2 receptor antagonist MEN11270

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Meini ◽  
A Lecci ◽  
F Carini ◽  
M Tramontana ◽  
S Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Topical Administration

In this study, we describe the in vitro and in vivo activities of a series of cyclic peptide analogues of the selective kinin B2 receptor antagonist MEN11270 on Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human B2 receptor (hB2R), the human isolated umbilical vein (hUV), the isolated guinea pig ileum (gpI), and bradykinin (BK) induced bronchoconstriction (BC) and hypotension in anaesthetized guinea pigs. Substitutions in the backbone of MEN11270 (H-DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-c(Dab-DTic-Oic-Arg)c(7γ-10α)) aimed to increase the potency in inhibiting bronchospasm versus hypotension following the topical (intratracheal (i.t.)) or systemic (intravenous (i.v.)) application of these antagonists. A series of analogues were left unprotected from N-terminal cleavage by aminopeptidases (MEN12739, MEN13052, MEN13346, and MEN13371): these compounds maintained sizeable affinities for the hB2R (pKi = 9.4, 9.6, 9.7, and 8.6, respectively) and antagonist activities toward BK in the hUV (pA2 = 7.9, 8.3, 8.2, and 7.5) and gpI assays (pKB = 7.4, 7.8, 7.9, and 7.9), but the inhibition of BK-induced BC and hypotension in vivo was negligible following either i.v. or i.t. administration. Two analogues (MEN12388 and MEN13405) could be potential substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme: these have good activity in the hB2R (pKi = 9.5 and 8.9, respectively), hUV (pA2 = 8.2 for MEN12388), and gpI assays (pKB = 8.4 and 8.0) but an in vivo activity 10- to 30-fold lower than the parent compound MEN11270 (pKi = 9.4, pA2 = 8.1, pKB = 8.3) when given by either the i.v. or the i.t. route. Other analogues were functionalized with a quaternary ammonium Lys derivative (MEN13031, MEN12374, and the previously mentioned MEN13052) or with an ethyl group on Arg (MEN13655 and the previously mentioned MEN13346 and MEN13405) in order to hinder or facilitate local absorption. MEN13346 and MEN13031 (pKi = 9.7and 9.5, pA2 = 8.2 and 7.9, pKB = 7.9 and 8.5, respectively) were 10- to 30-fold less active in vivo than MEN11270, without improving the discrimination between BK-induced BC and hypotension after either systemic or topical administration. It is concluded that the decreased in vivo activities of cyclic analogues of MEN11270 on BK-induced BC and hypotension following either their intratracheal or their intravenous routes of administration might be due in large part to metabolic degradation.Key words: bradykinin, asthma, blood pressure, guinea pig, metabolism.

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