AVALIAÇÃO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE ENTEROPARASITOSES EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES ATENDIDOS POR UMA AÇÃO SOCIAL NA CIDADE DE SOROCABA – SP

Enteric parasitic diseases pose a major health issue in Brazil. Children living in poorer areas are particularly more likely to become infected with parasites, as inadequate living conditions favor dissemination of such parasites. This work aimed to determine prevalence of parasites in stool samples obtained from children and teenagers supported by social services in the city of Sorocaba – São Paulo. Three stool samples were collected from each child enrolled in the study; samples were subjected to spontaneous sedimentation and then analyzed under a microscope. Children (or any close relatives for them responsible) answered a form regarding education level, eating habits, having had previous enteric parasitic diseases and presence of symptoms associated with such diseases. Prevalence of enteric parasitic diseases was 30%, these being caused by Entamoeba coli (20%), Giardia lamblia (2.5%), Iodamoeba butschlii (2.5%) and Urbanorum spp. (5%); no helminths were identified. While there is a likely contamination of children and teenagers via drinking water and food, prevalence of enteric parasitic diseases was lower when compared to other studies found in scientific literature, most likely due to local families being supported by social services.

COMORBIDADES E ÓBITOS POR COVID-19 NO BRASIL

The new coronavirus outbreak in November 2019 quickly became an international public health emergency. Some studies demonstrate that the poor prognosis of the disease is directly related to the presence of comorbidities, with a risk of death increased by 3.4 times. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the cases of patients with Covid-19 that progressed to death in Brazil, evidencing age, sex, and presence of comorbidities. A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out with secondary data from patients with Covid-19 who progressed to death in Brazil, available on the websites of the health departments of each of the 27 federative units that make up the country. Data were tabulated and frequencies calculated in Microsoft Office Excel® 2007. There were 13,900,091 confirmed cases of Covid-19 until the 59th National Epidemiological Bulletin of 2021, of which 371,678 evolved to death; of them, 61.3% had comorbidities. Among the main comorbidities reported, heart disease (40.1%), diabetes (28.4%), obesity (10.3%), neurological diseases (5.0%), kidney diseases (4.7%) and pneumopathies (4.5%) stand out. In 70% of the cases of patients who died, age equal to or greater than 60 years was observed in males in 55% of the cases. The data obtained corroborate the literature, which indicate a poor prognosis of Covid-19 in patients with one or more comorbidities. Among these, the one that stood out in Brazil during the study period was heart disease.

PERCORRENDO CAMINHOS: ITINERÁRIO TERAPÊUTICO DE MULHERES USUÁRIAS DE ÁLCOOL E/OU OUTRAS DROGAS DURANTE CICLO GRAVÍDICO-PUERPERAL

Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care is provided in accordance with gestational risk factors, such as use of alcohol and/or other drugs by pregnant women. The objective of this study was to trace the therapeutic itinerary of pregnant women who use alcohol and/or other drugs in the health network of a city in the Mid-North of the state of Paraná. This is a qualitative, exploratory study conducted through individual interviews. Firstly, the therapeutic itineraries were built, then the speeches were analyzed in accordance with Bardin and discussed with the aid of current literature. Regarding the therapeutic itinerary, the interviewees accessed primary care, high-risk prenatal care, and hospital services. The results identified two categories: Considerations on the use of alcohol and drugs during pregnancy, and Strengths and weaknesses of the healthcare network’s points of attention. From the statements, probable biological and social implications of using psychoactive substances during pregnancy emerged, such as complications during gestation, fetal alterations, and loss of legal rights over children. As for the points of attention, the importance of multidisciplinarity and the role of nursing were highlighted. On the other hand, the network’s disarticulation and professionals’ inability, represented by inappropriate comments and lack of guidance, appear as weakness. It was concluded that it is necessary to provide comprehensive follow-up to pregnant and postpartum women who use alcohol and drugs, with the articulation of the healthcare network and professionals free from judgment to provide a care that meets their biopsychosocial demands.

ATUAÇÃO DO AGENTE COMUNITÁRIO DE SAÚDE NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NA ZONA RURAL

The Community Health Workers (CHW) performs the initial care in households, in order to collect information and interact in a healthy way with the community. It is important to understand the role that these professionals perform in rural areas, as their duties are of fundamental importance within the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Given this, the present study seeks, through a narrative review, to find scientific evidence and information in the available literature regarding the difficulties and challenges of CHW's work in rural areas. After surveying and collecting the results, 15 articles were selected, which showed that the difficulties faced by the CHWs who work in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the rural area are mainly related to 1) difficulty of access to rural families, 2) overload of tasks inherent to other professionals of the ESF, 3) low qualification and 4) little recognition. Even with all these difficulties, it was proven that the role of this professional is of extreme significance in promoting health actions and improving the quality of life in the communities in which they act. This study concludes that these professionals have changed the reality of many communities; and that they can optimize their potential in promoting health in rural areas through public policies and initiatives that contribute to minimizing the difficulties related to their work standards.

INFLUÊNCIA DA MODIFICAÇÃO DA BASE DE COLAGEM E DA CONTAMINAÇÃO SALIVAR NA RESISTÊNCIA DE UNIÃO DE TUBOS ORTODÔNTICOS COLADOS AO ESMALTE HUMANO

The objective of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the shear bond strength of conventional and modified orthodontic tubes bonded to the surface of dry and saliva-contaminated enamel. The sample consisted of 40 human teeth, which were randomly divided into four groups according to attachment base and presence or absence of saliva contamination as follows: Group CB, conventional orthodontic tubes without salivary contamination; Group CB-S, conventional orthodontic tubes with salivary contamination; Groups BM, orthodontic tubes modified by welding a metal mesh to their base without salivary contamination; and Group BM-S, modified orthodontic tubes with salivary contamination. Shear bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine and analysis of the adhesive remnant index (ARI) by optical microscopy. Two-way ANOVA was used, followed by Tukey’s test at a statistical significance level of 5%. The ARI results were analysed descriptively. There was statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the shear bond strength values, with conventional tubes presenting significantly higher values (P < 0.05). In addition, the presence of salivary contamination interfered negatively with the behaviour of conventional tubes only (P < 0.05). Shear bond strength was not improved by increasing the area of the orthodontic tubes. Moreover, salivary contamination influenced negatively the SBS values, but only when conventional tubes were used.

AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL HEPÁTICO, DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR E DE ÁLCOOL EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

Hepatic steatosis is a condition that affects the liver by increasing the visceral fat causing hepatic damage. The disease development might be associated with sedentary lifestyle; unhealthy eating habits; as well as use of tobacco, medications, and alcoholic beverages especially in college students due to change in their routine. In this sense, the goal of this study was to evaluate the hepatic profile of such students throughout the TGO, TGP and Gamma GT enzymes and to correlate this information with data obtained by a questionnaire regarding food consumption, alcohol intake, tobacco use and physical activity. In order to do so, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals of both genders, male and female, aged between 18 and 30 years old and from different graduation courses in which such students filled out a questionnaire form and underwent venous collection for the laboratory analyzes. Forty-six students from different graduation courses were evaluated. Most of them were female (67.40%), single (93.5%), sedentary (73.91%) and making use of alcoholic beverages (63.04%) at least 3 times a week. From all the subjects analyzed, were 22% of them that presented alterations in the serum dosage of liver enzymes, a fact that is relevant and raises our concern because it refers to such a young community with strong negative indications regarding their own health care.

Ruta graveolens, Pelargonium graveolens E Hibiscus cannabinus COMO INIBIDORES NATURAIS DO CRESCIMENTO DE Candida albicans

Candidiasis is an infection caused by fungi of the genus Candida, Candida albicans being the species that most causes the disease in Brazil. The Fluconazole is the conventional medicine used as a treatment of these infections; however, it causes many adverse reactions in the patient and its continued use can induce the resistance of the pathogen. The medicinal plants can be very effective as an alternative treatment of diseases and have been used in folk medicine for years. In this study, it was evaluated the antifungal activity of extracts of Ruta graveolens, Pelargonium graveolens and Hibiscus cannabinus against the fungal development of Candida albicans, comparing the efficiency of these extracts to Fluconazole. The extracts were prepared in the concentration of 1g of the plant for each 5 mL of alcohol 70%. The data were obtained using the agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was performed, and showed that R. graveolens was able of inhibiting 100% of the pathogen when using 100 mg.ml-1 concentration. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that R. graveolens was the most effective extract when compared to Fluconazole, suggesting that this extract can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment to improve the efficiency of current treatments. The extracts of P. graveolens and H. cannabinus also presented antifungal activity but in smaller proportion than Fluconazole. The data from this study suggests that R. graveolens extract can be tested in future in vivo studies with the objective of proposing its use in alternative or simultaneous treatment of the synthetic drug used.

TRATAMENTO E ANÁLISE HISTOPATOLÓGICA DE ODONTOMA COMPLEXO: RELATO DE CASO

Odontoma is a benign calcifying odontogenic tumor of unknown etiology, although local trauma, genetic factors, and chronic inflammation may be related. They are classified into compound and complex types, depending on the morphological, radiographic and histological characteristics. Clinically they hardly show signs or symptoms, and, when present, are related to delayed tooth eruption, cortical bone expansion and tooth displacement. Although radiographic exams are complementary, most cases of odontomas reported in the literature are found on routine radiographs. The diagnostic hypothesis is confirmed by histopathological examination that shows evidence of the presence of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue arranged in the form of denticles (compound) or a disorganized mass (complex). The treatment consists of surgical excision of the lesion. The aim of this article was to report a clinical case and histopathological analysis of a complex odontoma associated with an unerupted tooth, located on the left side in the posterior region of the maxilla, discovered by routine radiographic examination of a 57-year-old male patient. The treatment was surgical excision of the lesion, removal of the unerupted tooth and histopathological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of complex odontoma. The case was followed-up clinically and radiographically for one year and showed no recurrence.

PARA UMA DOENÇA TÃO ANTIGA, O VISLUMBRE DE NOVOS TRATAMENTOS PROMISSORES NA DOENÇA DE CHAGAS

It has been more than 100 years since the discovery of Chagas Disease (CD). However, the repertoire indicated for its treatment is still limited. Thus, this article aims to present a review of the new pharmacological strategies being studied for CD. This literature review, consisting of 68 articles, from 1957 to 2021, was carried out on several scientific platforms. Positive effects from benznidazole have been described in the acute and chronic phases, in addition to its association with itraconazole in the acute phase. Among the cruzain inhibitors, the compound K777 presented trypanocidal effects, although demonstrating major adverse effects, while its analogue WRR-483 demonstrated great beneficial effects in vivo and in vitro. As for the nitroheterocyclics, fexinidazole showed high rates of cure in animal model, in addition to low toxicity. Nifurtimox, in early chronic stages, was able to delay the progression of tissue damage and reduce the parasite load. The compound WC-9, a squalene synthase inhibitor, showed potential inhibition of T. cruzi replication. Regarding aromatic diamidines, many compounds were able to stop the trypanosome, both in vitro and in vivo models. It was concluded that there are favorable findings to improve the treatment of CD. However, the development of effective new drugs does not only depend on their effective action, but also on numerous variables that must be circumvented, such as the reduction of side effects, treatment time and adherence to the current medication of choice, as well as the investment in production and distribution to the population.

PROCESSO ESTILOIDE ALONGADO NAS RADIOGRAFIAS PANORÂMICAS EM UMA SUBPOPULAÇÃO

Styloid process elongation associated with symptoms such as cervicofacial pain, tinnitus and otalgia is called Eagle Syndrome. The objective of this study is to assess the presence of elongated styloid process through panoramic radiographs, in a subpopulation of the State of Para, Brazil, as to age and sex. Panoramic radiographs were selected and the apparent size of the styloid process was measured from the point where the styloid leaves the tympanic plate to the lower tip of the process. Data were analyzed by means of chi-square tests and the “t” test with a significance level of 5%. Forty-three percent of all elongated styloid processes were observed in patients aged between 18 and 35 years old. Of these styloid processes measuring more than 30 mm, there were 815 that showed a Type I elongation pattern, being 98 that showed a Type II calcification pattern and 92 showed a Type III calcification pattern. It is concluded that the Type I elongated styloid process was the most frequent, but no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of the elongated styloid process and the studied variables.