scholarly journals Advances in Use of Nanomaterials for Musculoskeletal Regeneration

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Josef Jampilek ◽  
Daniela Placha
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Cartilage

Since the worldwide incidence of bone disorders and cartilage damage has been increasing and traditional therapy has reached its limits, nanomaterials can provide a new strategy in the regeneration of bones and cartilage. The nanoscale modifies the properties of materials, and many of the recently prepared nanocomposites can be used in tissue engineering as scaffolds for the development of biomimetic materials involved in the repair and healing of damaged tissues and organs. In addition, some nanomaterials represent a noteworthy alternative for treatment and alleviating inflammation or infections caused by microbial pathogens. On the other hand, some nanomaterials induce inflammation processes, especially by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, it is necessary to know and understand their effects in living systems and use surface modifications to prevent these negative effects. This contribution is focused on nanostructured scaffolds, providing a closer structural support approximation to native tissue architecture for cells and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which results in cartilage and bone healing and regeneration.

Active oxygen species, articular inflammation and cartilage damage

1992 ◽  
pp. 308-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Henrotin ◽  
G. Deby-Dupont ◽  
C. Deby ◽  
P. Franchimont ◽  
I. Emerit
Keyword(s):  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
And Cartilage

COX-2, NO, and cartilage damage and repair

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok R. Amin ◽  
Mandar Dave ◽  
Mukundan Attur ◽  
Steven B. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
And Cartilage

Association of Mucoid Degeneration of the ACL with Medial Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis Progression at MR Imaging

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Mohamed Moustafa ◽  
Amany Moh. Rashad Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Mennatallah Hatem Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Mucoid Degeneration ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Osteoarthritis Progression ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract Background Using MRI, ACL mucoid degeneration is defined as a thickened ACL with increased signal intensity on all MR pulse sequences, with discrete fibers easily distinguished on fatsaturated T2-weighted or fat-saturated proton-density (PD)-weighted images but poorly differentiated on T1-weighted or non-fat-saturated PD-weighted images. Objective To assess the prevalence of ACL mucoid degeneration in a population of patients referred for routine knee MRI, and its association with age and structural joint damage. Patients and Methods Our study is a retrospective study conducted at the radiology department of Ain Shams University hospitals and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital including 81 cases of knees with ACL mucoid degeneration by MRI and no sex predilection. Cases and controls were scored with respect to independent articular features: cartilage signal and morphology, subarticular bone marrow abnormality, subarticular cysts, subarticular bone attrition, marginal osteophytes and medial meniscal integrity. Results Patients with ACL mucoid degeneration were older than patients with a normal ACL, without statistically significant sex difference. Knees with ACL mucoid degeneration had statistically significant medial meniscal injuries and cartilage damage involving the central and posterior MTFC compared to control knees with a normal ACL frequency matched for age, sex and MR field strength. Conclusion Our study proved that there is a strong association between ACL mucoid degeneration and cartilage damage in MTFC.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: A Key Constituent in Cancer Survival

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117727191875539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Kumari ◽  
Anil Kumar Badana ◽  
Murali Mohan G ◽  
Shailender G ◽  
RamaRao Malla
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
New Strategy

Background: Cancer is one of the major heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality with poor prognosis. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration in redox balance, and deregulated redox signaling are common hallmarks of cancer progression and resistance to treatment. Mitochondria contribute mainly in the generation of ROS during oxidative phosphorylation. Elevated levels of ROS have been detected in cancers cells due to high metabolic activity, cellular signaling, peroxisomal activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of oncogene, and increased enzymatic activity of oxidases, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and thymidine phosphorylases. Cells maintain intracellular homeostasis by developing an immense antioxidant system including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Besides these enzymes exist an important antioxidant glutathione and transcription factor Nrf2 which contribute in balancing oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species–mediated signaling pathways activate pro-oncogenic signaling which eases in cancer progression, angiogenesis, and survival. Concomitantly, to maintain ROS homeostasis and evade cancer cell death, an increased level of antioxidant capacity is associated with cancer cells. Conclusions: This review focuses the role of ROS in cancer survival pathways and importance of targeting the ROS signal involved in cancer development, which is a new strategy in cancer treatment.

The molecular mechanisms of Phytophthora infestans in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Luo ◽  
Tingting Tian ◽  
Maxime Bonnave ◽  
Xue Tan ◽  
Xiaoqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Potato Resistance

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the growth, development, proliferation, and pathogenicity of microbial pathogens; however, excessive levels of ROS are toxic. Little is known regarding the signaling cascades in response to ROS stress in oomycetes such as Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight. Here, P. infestans was used as a model system to investigate the mechanism underlying the response to ROS stress in oomycete pathogens. Results showed severe defects in sporangium germination, mycelial growth, appressorium formation, and virulence of P. infestans in response to H2O2 stress. Importantly, these phenotypes mimic those of P. infestans treated with rapamycin, the inhibitor of target of rapamycin (TOR, 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase). Strong synergism occurred when P. infestans was treated with a combination of H2O2 and rapamycin, suggesting that a crosstalk exists between ROS stress and the TOR signaling pathway. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome, proteome and phosphorylation omics showed that H2O2 stress significantly induced the operation of the TOR-mediated autophagy pathway. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining showed that in the presence of H2O2 and rapamycin, the autophagosome level increased in a dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, transgenic potatoes containing double-stranded RNA of PiTOR (TOR in P. infestans) displayed high resistance to P. infestans. Taken together, TOR is involved in the ROS response and is a potential target for control of oomycete diseases, as host-mediated silencing of PiTOR enhances potato resistance to late blight.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Nanoprobe For Bioimaging And Targeted Therapy of Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Shen ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Haimin Chen ◽  
Yanting Zhan ◽  
Qiumei Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Targeting Peptide ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Stimulus-responsive therapy that allows precise imaging-guided therapy is limited for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy due to the selection of proper physiological markers as stimulus. Based on that the over-production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is one of the leading causes of OA, we selected ROS as markers and designed a cartilage-targeting and ROS-responsive theranostic nanoprobe that is highly specific for effective bioimaging and therapy of OA. This nanoprobe was fabricated by using PEG micelles modified with ROS-sensitive thioketal linkers (TK) and cartilage-targeting peptide, termed TKC, which was then encapsulated with Dexamethasone (DEX) to form TKC@DEX nanoparticles. Results showed that the nanoprobe can smartly “turn on” in response to excessive ROS and “turn off” in the normal joint. By applying different doses of ROS inducer and ROS inhibitor, this nanoprobe can emit ROS-dependent fluorescence according to the degree of OA severity, helpful to precise disease classification in clinic. Specifically targeting cartilage, TKC@DEX could effectively respond to ROS and sustained release DEX to remarkably reduce cartilage damage in the OA joints. This smart, sensitive and endogenously activated ROS-responsive nanoprobe is promising for OA theranostics.

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