scholarly journals Body, Self and Others: Harding, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty on Intersubjectivity

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Brentyn J. Ramm
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Phenomenology Of The Body ◽  
The World ◽  
The Look ◽  
Body Self

Douglas Harding developed a unique first-person experimental approach for investigating consciousness that is still relatively unknown in academia. In this paper, I present a critical dialogue between Harding, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty on the phenomenology of the body and intersubjectivity. Like Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, Harding observes that from the first-person perspective, I cannot see my own head. He points out that visually speaking nothing gets in the way of others. I am radically open to others and the world. Neither does my somatic experience establish a boundary between me and the world. Rather to experience these sensations as part of a bounded, shaped thing (a body), already involves bringing in the perspectives of others. The reader is guided through a series of Harding’s first-person experiments to test these phenomenological claims for themselves. For Sartre, the other’s subjectivity is known through The Look, which makes me into a mere object for them. Merleau-Ponty criticised Sartre for making intersubjective relations primarily ones of conflict. Rather he held that the intentionality of my body is primordially interconnected with that of others’ bodies. We are already situated in a shared social world. For Harding, like Sartre, my consciousness is a form of nothingness; however, in contrast to Sartre, it does not negate the world, but is absolutely united with it. Confrontation is a delusion that comes from imagining that I am behind a face. Rather in lived personal relationships, I become the other. I conclude by arguing that for Harding all self-awareness is a form of other-awareness, and vice versa.

scholarly journals The body self-awareness among women practicing fitness: a preliminary study

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brytek-Matera ◽  
Anna Kozieł
Keyword(s):  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Body Attitude ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Body Attitude Test ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purposes of the present study were to explore the relationship between body awareness and negative body attitude, interoceptive body awareness and physical self in women practicing fitness as well as to analyze the determinants of body awareness. The Body Awareness Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and the Body Attitude Test were applied to 43 women practicing fitness and 32 non-fitness practitioners. Bodily self-awareness was connected with greater fitness practitioners’ interoceptive body awareness and greater physical self. Noticing and global esteem predicted body awareness in women practicing fitness.

scholarly journals Awareness is in the Eye of the Observer: Preserved Third-Person Awareness of Deficit in Anosognosia for Hemiplegia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahba Besharati ◽  
Paul Jenkinson ◽  
Michael Kopelman ◽  
Mark Solms ◽  
Valentina Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
First Person ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Anosognosia For Hemiplegia

In recent decades, the research traditions of (first-person) embodied cognition and of (third-person) social cognition have approached the study of self-awareness with relative independence. However, neurological disorders of self-awareness offer a unifying perspective to empirically investigate the contribution of embodiment and social cognition to self-awareness. This study focused on a neuropsychological disorder of bodily self-awareness following right-hemisphere damage, namely anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP). A previous neuropsychological study has shown AHP patients, relative to neurological controls, to have a specific deficit in third-person, allocentric inferences in a story-based, mentalisation task. However, no study has tested directly whether verbal awareness of motor deficits is influenced by either perspective-taking or centrism, and if these deficits in social cognition are correlated with damage to anatomical areas previously linked to mentalising, including the supramarginal and superior temporal gyri and related limbic white matter connections. Accordingly, two novel experiments were conducted with right-hemisphere stroke patients with (n = 17) and without AHP (n = 17) that targeted either their own (egocentric, experiment 1) or another stooge patient’s (experiment 2) motor abilities from a first-or-third person (allocentric in Experiment 2) perspective. In both experiments, neurological controls showed no significant difference between perspectives, suggesting that perspective-taking deficits are not a general consequence of right-hemisphere damage. More specifically, experiment 1 found AHP patients were more aware of their own motor paralysis when asked from a third compared to a first-person perspective, using both group level and individual level analysis. In experiment 2, AHP patients were less accurate than controls in making allocentric, third-person perspective judgements about the stooge patient, but with only a trend towards significance and with no within-group, difference between perspectives. Deficits in egocentric and allocentric third-person perspective taking were associated with lesions in the middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, with white matter disconnections more predominate in deficits in allocentricity. This study confirms previous clinical and empirical investigations on the selectivity of first-person motor awareness deficits in anosognosia for hemiplegia and experimentally demonstrates for the first time that verbal egocentric 3PP-taking can positively influence 1PP body awareness.

scholarly journals Biosensing and Actuation—Platforms Coupling Body Input-Output Modalities for Affective Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5968
Author(s):  
Miquel Alfaras ◽  
William Primett ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Charles Windlin ◽  
Pavel Karpashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Affective Experience ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Feedback Modalities

Research in the use of ubiquitous technologies, tracking systems and wearables within mental health domains is on the rise. In recent years, affective technologies have gained traction and garnered the interest of interdisciplinary fields as the research on such technologies matured. However, while the role of movement and bodily experience to affective experience is well-established, how to best address movement and engagement beyond measuring cues and signals in technology-driven interactions has been unclear. In a joint industry-academia effort, we aim to remodel how affective technologies can help address body and emotional self-awareness. We present an overview of biosignals that have become standard in low-cost physiological monitoring and show how these can be matched with methods and engagements used by interaction designers skilled in designing for bodily engagement and aesthetic experiences. Taking both strands of work together offers unprecedented design opportunities that inspire further research. Through first-person soma design, an approach that draws upon the designer’s felt experience and puts the sentient body at the forefront, we outline a comprehensive work for the creation of novel interactions in the form of couplings that combine biosensing and body feedback modalities of relevance to affective health. These couplings lie within the creation of design toolkits that have the potential to render rich embodied interactions to the designer/user. As a result we introduce the concept of “orchestration”. By orchestration, we refer to the design of the overall interaction: coupling sensors to actuation of relevance to the affective experience; initiating and closing the interaction; habituating; helping improve on the users’ body awareness and engagement with emotional experiences; soothing, calming, or energising, depending on the affective health condition and the intentions of the designer. Through the creation of a range of prototypes and couplings we elicited requirements on broader orchestration mechanisms. First-person soma design lets researchers look afresh at biosignals that, when experienced through the body, are called to reshape affective technologies with novel ways to interpret biodata, feel it, understand it and reflect upon our bodies.

scholarly journals INTERSUBJEKTYVAUS KŪNO FENOMENOLOGIJA: PRISILIETIMO PATIRTIS

Problemos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Dalius Jonkus
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Bodily Experience ◽  
Traditional Conception ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
The World ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Sense Of Touch

Straipsnis analizuoja Edmundo Husserlio, Jeano-Paulo Sartre’o ir Maurise Merleau-Ponty požiūrį į kūno vaidmenį intersubjektyviuose santykiuose. Jeanas-Paulas Sartre’as atmeta dvigubų jutimų sampratą. Jis neigia galimybę patirti kūną kaip subjektą ir objektą vienu metu. Sartre’as akcentuoja, kad kitas vizualiai pažįstamas tik jį paverčiant objektu. Edmundas Husserlis ir Maurise Merleau-Ponty ieško sąryšio su kitu kūniškumo plotmėje. Atrasdami prisilietimo grįžtamąjį ryšį su savimi, o vėliau išplėtodami šią kvazirefleksijos sampratą ir kitų juslių lygmeniu, Husserlis ir Merleau-Ponty sugriauna tradicinę sąmonės ir savasties sampratą. Sąmonė nebegali būti suprantama kaip vidujybė, o kūnas kaip išorybė. Pats kūnas atrandamas kaip susidvejinęs – patiriantis kitą ir save tuo pat metu. Suskyla ir savasties substanciškumas. Savastis visada pasirodo kitame, kitam ir per kitą. Kartu pasikeičia ir santykio su kitu traktuotė. Kitas nėra kažkoks transcendentiškas objektas, kurį reikia pažinti ar užvaldyti. Santykis su kitu atsiskleidžia kartu kaip santykis su savimi ir santykis su pasauliu. Jei mano kūnas nėra vien mano kūnas, bet jis yra tarp manęs ir kitų, tai tada galime suvokti, kodėl aš negaliu savęs sutapatinti su vieta, kurioje esu. Ir mano vieta, kaip ir mano kūnas, yra mano tiktai kitų atžvilgiu. Mano savastį iš esmės apibrėžia šis tarpkūniškumas, kurio patirtis sudaro sąlygas ne tik įsisąmoninti savąjį socialumą, bet ir suvokti savosios būties tarp – pasauliškumą. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: fenomenologija, intersubjektyvumas, kitas, gyvenamas kūnas, tarpkūniškumas, savipatirtis.   Phenomenology of Intersubjective Body: the Experience of TouchDalius Jonku  Summary The article deals with the conception of intersubjective body in Edmund Husserl’s, Jean-Paul Sartre’s and Maurice Merleau-Ponty philosophy. Jean-Paul Sartre rejects the conception of double sense, i.e. he denies the possibility to have bodily experience as a subject and an object at the same time. He argues that we can know Other visually only as an object. Husserl and Merleau-Ponty are in search of connection with the Other on a new plane. They investigate the preconditions of the openness to the Other. Their attention is focused on the bodily self-awareness in the experience of touch. Both philosophers develop the conception of bodily quasi-reflection. They transform the traditional conception of selfhood and show its paradoxical alienation from itself. The one’s own body is revealed as insisting on the otherness. The analysis of double senses in the experience of the sense of touch reveals the experience of “my” body as an inter-corporality. That’s because both philosophers can reject the prejudice of immanence and transcendence. The experience of a living body is always a relation with “myself”, with the other and with the world. Keywords: phenomenology, intersubjectivity, interreflectivity, Other, living body, self-awareness.ibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"> 

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento e evidências de validade da Bateria de Autoconsciência Corporal e Saúde Ergonômica para Músicos/Development and validity evidence of a Battery of Evaluation of Body Self-awareness and Ergonomic Health in Musicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Marina Medici Loureiro Subtil ◽  
Mariane Lima DeSouza ◽  
Alexsandro Luiz DeAndrade
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Relevant Variable ◽  
Psychometric Instrument ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Occupational Task ◽  
Multisensory Representation

Introdução: Considerando evidências de estudos anteriores que indicam uma relação entre a representação multisensorial do corpo e a percepção da dor, sugere-se que a autoconsciência corporal seja uma variável relevante na avaliação da saúde desses indivíduos. Objetivo: desenvolver e levantar evidências de validade de uma bateria de escalas psicométricas que avaliam a autoconsciência corporal relacionada aos aspectos ergonômicos e saúde da atividade musical. Método: 415 estudantes universitários de música participaram da pesquisa. A partir de um estudo transversal com delineamento de survey foram levantadas evidências da validade do tipo conceitual, dos itens e construto. Resultados: a versão final da bateria apresenta três escalas: 1) Escala de Autoconsciência Corporal de Músicos; 2) Escala de Autopercepção de Dor e Performance e; 3) Escala de Aspectos Preventivos. Aspectos relacionados à teorização do construto autoconsciência corporal com foco nas possibilidades de avaliação dos fatores psicossociais, associados à prevenção da dor são discutidos. Conclusão: a estruturação das três escalas desenvolvidas fornecem evidências de que os aspectos ergonômicos em saúde do músico, incluindo as dimensões física, cognitiva e organizacional devem fazer parte de medidas psicométricas destinadas às avaliações clínicas dessa população. Abstract Introduction: Considering the evidence of the relationship between the multisensory representation of the body and the perception of pain, it is suggested that body self-consciousness is a relevant variable in the evaluation of the health of musicians. Objective: to develop and to raise evidences of the conceptual, item and construct validity of a psychometric scale that evaluates the body self-consciousness and the ergonomic / health aspects of the musicians. Method: A crosssectional quantitative study with a survey design for the development of a psychometric instrument. 415 university students of music participated. The data were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, R software and by factor analysis. Results: the final version of the instrument presents three scales: 1) Body Self-Awereness Scale of Musicians; 2) Self-perception of Pain and Performance Scale; 3) Scale of Preventive Aspects. The structuring of the three scales reinforces the hypothesis that the ergonomic aspects of the musician's health, including the physical, cognitive and organizational dimensions, should be part of the psychometric measures for this occupational task. Conclusion: the Body Self-Consciousness and Musician's Health Battery proved to be a suitable psychometric measure for the clinical evaluation of this population.  Keywords: ergonomics; body self-consciousness; musculoskeletal pain; health of the musician.

scholarly journals First person experience of threat modulates cortical network encoding human peripersonal space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. de Borst ◽  
M.V. Sanchez-Vives ◽  
M. Slater ◽  
B. de Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person Perspective

AbstractPeripersonal space is the area directly surrounding the body, which supports object manipulation and social interaction, but is also critical for threat detection. In the monkey, ventral premotor and intraparietal cortex support initiation of defensive behavior. However, the brain network that underlies threat detection in human peripersonal space still awaits investigation. We combined fMRI measurements with a preceding virtual reality training from either first or third person perspective to manipulate whether approaching human threat was perceived as directed to oneself or another. We found that first person perspective increased body ownership and identification with the virtual victim. When threat was perceived as directed towards oneself, synchronization of brain activity in the human peripersonal brain network was enhanced and connectivity increased from premotor and intraparietal cortex towards superior parietal lobe. When this threat was nearby, synchronization also occurred in emotion-processing regions. Priming with third person perspective reduced synchronization of brain activity in the peripersonal space network and increased top-down modulation of visual areas. In conclusion, our results showed that after first person perspective training peripersonal space is remapped to the virtual victim, thereby causing the fronto-parietal network to predict intrusive actions towards the body and emotion-processing regions to signal nearby threat.

scholarly journals Bicycle kicks and camp sites: Towards a phenomenological theory of game feel with special attention towards ‘rhythm’

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1248-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Kampmann Walther ◽  
Lasse Juel Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
Body Subject

The goal of the article is to present a theory of game feel inspired by phenomenology. Martin Heidegger’s tool analysis and concept of time ( Sorge), as well as Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s Body-Subject including the related phenomena intentional arc, maximal grip and flow of coping, are of special interest. The aim is to move beyond the descriptive game design take on game feel by inserting the body in a first-person perspective, highlighting a sensuous approach with emphasis on rhythm and controller. We offer a methodological framework for analysing game feel consisting on three levels: ‘Dance’, ‘Learn’ and ‘Inhabit’. Finally, we arrive at an understanding of game feel explaining reasons for player sensitivity towards game feel and clues to why players care so deeply about it.

Egocentric Performance Capture: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Shivam Grover ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Kshitij Sidana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Wearable Cameras ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Performance Capture ◽  
Traditional Performance

Performance capture of human beings have been used to animate 3D characters for movies and games for several decades now. Traditional performance capture methods require a dedicated costly setup which usually consists of more than one sensor placed at a distance from the subject, hence requiring a large amount of budget and space to accomodate. This lowers its feasibility and portability by a huge amount. Egocentric (first-person/wearable) cameras, however, are attached to the body and hence are mobile. With a rise of acceptance of wearable technology by the general public, wearable cameras have gotten cheaper too. We can make use of their excessive portability in the performance capture domain. However working with egocentric images is a mammoth task as the views are severely distorted due to the first-person perspective and the body parts farther from the camera are highly prone to being occluded. In this paper, we review the existing state-of-the-art methods about performance capture using egocentric based views.

scholarly journals New materialism and postmodern subject models fail to explain human memory and self-awareness: A comment on Tobias-Renstrøm and Køppe (2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 095935432097375
Author(s):  
Radek Trnka
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
First Person ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
External Observer ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

Tobias-Renstrøm and Køppe (2020) show the several conceptual limits that new materialism and postmodern subject models have for psychological theory and research. The present study continues this discussion and argues that the applicability of the ideas of quantum-inspired new materialism depends on the theoretical perspectives that we consider for analysis: be it the first-person perspective referring to the subjective experience of a human subject, or the third-person perspective, in which a human subject is observed by an external observer. While the arguments of new materialism are in accordance with the analysis of the act of observation performed by an external observer, some problems arise when trying to theoretically approach the first-person subjective experience of a human subject. For example, new materialism fails to explain why human minds can maintain the awareness of a subject’s identity throughout their lives and to recall the memories about their past personal experiences.

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