scholarly journals Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Maximilian Hendgen ◽  
Stefan Günther ◽  
Sven Schubert ◽  
Otmar Löhnertz
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Leaf Transcriptome ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
N Remobilization ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen Mobilization ◽  
Leaf N

Nitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as Vitis vinifera, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have confirmed an involvement of the plant hormone ethylene in the regulation of senescence. However, ethylene research on grapevine was mostly focused on its involvement in berry ripening and stress tolerance until now. To investigate the effect of ethylene on the initiation, regulation, and progress of senescence-dependent N mobilization in grapevine leaves, we treated field-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling vines with 25 mM ethephon at the end of berry ripening. Ethephon induced premature chlorophyll degradation and caused a shift of the leaf transcriptome equivalent to developmental leaf senescence. The upregulated metabolic processes covered the entire N remobilization process chain, altered the amino acid composition in the leaves, and resulted in an average 60% decrease in leaf N. Our findings increase the fundamental knowledge about the initiation and manipulation of leaf N remobilization in perennial woody plants by ethephon. This offers a methodological approach to the targeted induction of senescence and thus to an improvement in the N supply of grapes.

scholarly journals Autumn Foliage Applications of ZnSO4 Reduced Leaf Nitrogen Remobilization in Peach and Nectarine

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Castagnoli ◽  
T.M. DeJong ◽  
S.A. Weinbaum ◽  
R.S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Remobilization ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
N Remobilization ◽  
Leaf N

Premature defoliation of peach and nectarine (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees resulting from foliar applications of ZnSO4 reduced N remobilization that typically occurs during leaf senescence. Leaf N remobilization in unsprayed control trees ranged from 45% to 50%, irrespective of tree N status. Leaf N remobilization in trees receiving foliar applications of ZnSO4 ranged from a positive influx of N into the leaf to ≈30% of the N remobilized, depending on ZnSO4 application timing and method of expressing leaf N levels. Early ZnSO4 applications resulted in less N remobilization. Measuring leaf N on an area basis was a more precise indicator of N remobilization than N per unit dry weight, because leaf weight per unit area changes during leaf senescence.

scholarly journals A functional–structural plant model that simulates whole- canopy gas exchange of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) under different training systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A Prieto ◽  
Gaetan Louarn ◽  
Jorge Perez Peña ◽  
Hernán Ojeda ◽  
Thierry Simonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
N Content ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
N Distribution ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
C Assimilation ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract Background and Aims Scaling from single-leaf to whole-canopy photosynthesis faces several complexities related to variations in light interception and leaf properties. To evaluate the impact of canopy strucuture on gas exchange, we developed a functional–structural plant model to upscale leaf processes to the whole canopy based on leaf N content. The model integrates different models that calculate intercepted radiation, leaf traits and gas exchange for each leaf in the canopy. Our main objectives were (1) to introduce the gas exchange model developed at the plant level by integrating the leaf-level responses related to canopy structure, (2) to test the model against an independent canopy gas exchange dataset recorded on different plant architectures, and (3) to quantify the impact of intra-canopy N distribution on crop photosynthesis. Methods The model combined a 3D reconstruction of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) canopy architecture, a light interception model, and a coupled photosynthesis and stomatal conductance model that considers light-driven variations in N distribution. A portable chamber device was constructed to measure whole-plant gas exchange to validate the model outputs with data collected on different training systems. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact on C assimilation of different N content distributions within the canopy. Key Results By considering a non-uniform leaf N distribution within the canopy, our model accurately reproduced the daily pattern of gas exchange of different canopy architectures. The gain in photosynthesis permitted by the non-uniform compared with a theoretical uniform N distribution was about 18 %, thereby contributing to the maximization of C assimilation. By contrast, considering a maximal N content for all leaves in the canopy overestimated net CO2 exchange by 28 % when compared with the non-uniform distribution. Conclusions The model reproduced the gas exchange of plants under different training systems with a low error (10 %). It appears to be a reliable tool to evaluate the impact of a grapevine training system on water use efficiency at the plant level.

Post-budbreak pruning changes intra-spur phenology dynamics, vine productivity and berry ripening parameters in Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot Noir’

2019 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 108584
Author(s):  
Tommaso Frioni ◽  
Facundo José Pirez ◽  
Irene Diti ◽  
Lily Ronney ◽  
Stefano Poni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Berry Ripening

Nitrogen resorption and protein degradation during leaf senescence in Chenopodium album grown in different light and nitrogen conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Yasumura ◽  
Kouki Hikosaka ◽  
Tadaki Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Resorption ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
N Resorption ◽  
Leaf N

The extent of nitrogen (N) resorption and the degradability of different protein pools were examined in senescing leaves of an annual herb, Chenopodium album L., grown in two light and N conditions. Both N resorption efficiency (REFF; the proportion of green-leaf N resorbed) and proficiency (RPROF; the level to which leaf N content is reduced by resorption) varied among different growth conditions. During leaf senescence, the majority of soluble and membrane proteins was degraded in all growth conditions. Structural proteins were also highly degradable, implying that no particular protein pool constitutes a non-retranslocatable N pool in the leaf. Leaf carbon/N ratio affected the timing and duration of senescing processes, but it did not regulate the extent of protein degradation or N resorption. Sink–source relationships for N in the plant exerted a more direct influence, depressing N resorption when N sink strength was weakened in the low-light and high-N condition. N resorption was, however, not enhanced in high-light and low-N plants with the strongest N sinks, possibly because it reached an upper limit at some point. We conclude that a combination of several physiological factors determines the extent of N resorption in different growth conditions.

scholarly journals Autumnal leaf senescence inMiscanthus×giganteusand leaf [N] differ by stand age

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (14) ◽  
pp. 4395-4401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Boersma ◽  
Frank G. Dohleman ◽  
Fernando E. Miguez ◽  
Emily A. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Leaf N

Compatible GLRaV-3 viral infections affect berry ripening decreasing sugar accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vega ◽  
Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez ◽  
Alvaro Peña-Neira ◽  
Grant R. Cramer ◽  
Patricio Arce-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Berry Ripening
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