scholarly journals Tolerance Even to Lethal Strain of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Found in Wild Tomato Species Can Be Introduced by Crossing

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Takashi Naoi ◽  
Tatsuji Hataya
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Breeding

To date, natural resistance or tolerance, which can be introduced into crops by crossing, to potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) has not been reported. Additionally, responses to PSTVd infection in many wild tomato species, including some species that can be crossed with PSTVd-susceptible cultivated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. lycoperaicum), have not been ascertained. The aim of this study was to evaluate responses to PSTVd infection including resistance and tolerance. Accordingly, we inoculated several cultivated and wild tomato species with intermediate and lethal strains of PSTVd. None of the host plants exhibited sufficient resistance to PSTVd to render systemic infection impossible; however, these plants displayed other responses, including tolerance. Further analysis of PSTVd accumulation revealed low accumulation of PSTVd in two wild species, exhibiting high tolerance, even to the lethal strain. Additionally, F1 hybrids generated by crossing a PSTVd-sensitive wild tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) with these wild relatives also exhibited tolerance to the lethal PSTVd strain, which is accompanied by low PSTVd accumulation during early infection. These results indicate that the tolerance toward PSTVd in wild species is a dominant trait and can be utilized for tomato breeding by crossing.

scholarly journals Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Potentially Resistance-Related Genes in Response to Bacterial Canker of Tomato

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1745
Author(s):  
Leonardo I. Pereyra-Bistraín ◽  
Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez ◽  
Alejandra Rougon-Cardoso ◽  
Ángel G. Alpuche-Solís
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
De Novo Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
De Novo Transcriptome ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species

Tomato is one of the most important crops for human consumption. Its production is affected by the actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens of this crop. Several wild tomato species represent a source of natural resistance to Cmm. Here, we contrasted the transcriptomes of the resistant wild tomato species Solanum arcanum LA2157 and the susceptible species Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig, during the first 24 h of challenge with Cmm. We used three analyses approaches which demonstrated to be complementary: mapping to S. lycopersicum reference genome SL3.0; semi de novo transcriptome assembly; and de novo transcriptome assembly. In a global context, transcriptional changes seem to be similar between both species, although there are some specific genes only upregulated in S. arcanum during Cmm interaction, suggesting that the resistance regulatory mechanism probably diverged during the domestication process. Although S. lycopersicum showed enriched functional groups related to defense, S. arcanum displayed a higher number of induced genes related to bacterial, oomycete, and fungal defense at the first few hours of interaction. This study revealed genes that may contribute to the resistance phenotype in the wild tomato species, such as those that encode for a polyphenol oxidase E, diacyl glycerol kinase, TOM1-like protein 6, and an ankyrin repeat-containing protein, among others. This work will contribute to a better understanding of the defense mechanism against Cmm, and the development of new control methods.

scholarly journals The de novo reference genome and transcriptome assemblies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco Stam ◽  
Tetyana Nosenko ◽  
Anja C. Hörger ◽  
Wolfgang Stephan ◽  
Michael Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Solanum Chilense ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Gene Models

ABSTRACTBackgroundWild tomato species, like Solanum chilense, are important germplasm resources for enhanced biotic and abiotic stress resistance in tomato breeding. In addition, S. chilense serves as a model system to study adaptation of plants to drought and to investigate the evolution of seed banks. However to date, the absence of a well annotated reference genome in this compulsory outcrossing, very diverse species limits in-depth studies on the genes involved.FindingsWe generated ∼134 Gb of DNA and 157 Gb of RNA sequence data of S chilense, which yielded a draft genome with an estimated length of 914 Mb in total encoding 25,885 high-confidence (hc) predicted gene models, which show homology to known protein-coding genes of other tomato species. Approximately 71% (18,290) of the hc gene models are additionally supported by RNA-seq data derived from leaf tissue samples. A benchmarking with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis of predicted gene models retrieved 93.3% BUSCO genes, which is in the current range of high-quality genomes for non-inbred plants. To further verify the genome annotation completeness and accuracy, we manually inspected the NLR resistance gene family and assessed its assembly quality. We revealed the existence of unique gene families of NLRs to S. chilense. Comparative genomics analyses of S. chilense, cultivated tomato S. lycopersicum and its wild relative S. pennellii revealed similar levels of highly syntenic gene clusters between the three species.ConclusionsWe generated the first genome and transcriptome sequence assembly for the wild tomato species Solanum chilense and demonstrated its value in comparative genomics analyses. We make these genomes available for the scientific community as an important resource for studies on adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress in Solanaceae, on evolution of self-incompatibility, and for tomato breeding.

scholarly journals Tomato leaves under stress: A comparison of stress response to mild abiotic stress between a cultivated and a wild tomato species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J Reimer ◽  
Bjoern Thiele ◽  
Robin T Biermann ◽  
Laura V Junker-Frohn ◽  
Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Varied Temperature

Tomato is one of the most produced crop plants on earth and growing in the fields and greenhouses all over the world. Breeding with known traits of wild species can enhance stress tolerance of cultivated crops. In this study, we investigated responses of the transcriptome as well as primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of a cultivated and a wild tomato to several abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, chilling or warmer temperatures, elevated light intensities and combinations thereof. The wild species responded different to varied temperature conditions compared to the cultivated tomato. Nitrogen deficiency caused the strongest responses and induced in particular the secondary metabolism in both species but to much higher extent in the cultivated tomato. Our study supports the potential of a targeted induction of valuable secondary metabolites in green residues of horticultural production, that will otherwise only be composted after fruit harvest. In particular, the cultivated tomato showed a strong induction in the group of mono caffeoylquinic acids in response to nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the observed differences in stress responses between cultivated and wild tomato can lead to new breeding targets for better stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic characteristics in species and interspecific hybrids of tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
André R Zeist ◽  
Juliano TV Resende ◽  
Marcos V Faria ◽  
André Gabriel ◽  
Elisa Adriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species

ABSTRACT Gas exchanges in species and interspecific hybrids of tomato in different environments may contribute to the development and selection of genotypes with a higher tolerance to adverse cultivation conditions. This study aimed to assess the photosynthetic characteristics of wild tomato species and the cultivar Redenção, as well as the respective F1 hybrids of interspecific crosses cultivated under two environments. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and the assessment of six wild accessions, one cultivar, and the respective interspecific hybrids under two environments. At 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days after transplanting (DAT), gas exchange characteristics were assessed by means of a portable photosynthesis measurement system. The stomatal density of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of first-order leaflets was estimated under a protected cultivation at 56 DAT. We observed a higher influence of wild tomato species and interspecific hybrids on the assessed characteristics when compared to the cultivation environments. The accession ‘LA-716’ and the hybrid ‘Redenção’ × ‘LA-716’ presented the highest water use efficiency and the accessions ‘PI-127826’ and ‘PI-134417’ and the interspecific hybrids ‘Redenção’ × ‘PI-127826’ and ‘Redenção’ × ‘PI-134417’ presented the highest values of CO2 assimilation, transpiration, instantaneous in vivo carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco, and number of stomata on the abaxial leaflet surface. Thus, the descendants of Solanum habrochaites are an interesting alternative to breeding programs that aim to make advances in obtaining strains that exhibit improvement in their photosynthetic characteristics.

A new genetic linkage map of tomato based on a Solanum lycopersicum × S. pimpinellifolium RIL population displaying locations of candidate pathogen response genes

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 935-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Ashrafi ◽  
Matthew Kinkade ◽  
Majid R. Foolad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Ril Population

The narrow genetic base of the cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., necessitates introgression of new variation from related species. Wild tomato species represent a rich source of useful genes and traits. Exploitation of genetic variation within wild species can be facilitated by the use of molecular markers and genetic maps. Recently we identified an accession (LA2093) within the red-fruited wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium L. with exceptionally desirable characteristics, including disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and high fruit lycopene content. To facilitate genetic characterization of such traits and their exploitation in tomato crop improvement, we developed a new recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between LA2093 and an advanced tomato breeding line (NCEBR-1). Furthermore, we constructed a medium-density molecular linkage map of this population using 294 polymorphic markers, including standard RFLPs, EST sequences (used as RFLP probes), CAPS, and SSRs. The map spanned 1091 cM of the tomato genome with an average marker spacing of 3.7 cM. A majority of the EST sequences, which were mainly chosen based on the putative role of their unigenes in disease resistance, defense-related response, or fruit quality, were mapped onto the tomato chromosomes for the first time. Co-localizations of relevant EST sequences with known disease resistance genes in tomato were also examined. This map will facilitate identification, genetic exploitation, and positional cloning of important genes or quantitative trait loci in LA2093. It also will allow the elucidation of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying important traits segregating in the RIL population. The map may further facilitate characterization and exploitation of genetic variation in other S. pimpinellifolium accessions as well as in modern cultivars of tomato.

Effect of newly developed interspecific hybrid rootstocks on mineral nutrient composition and fruit quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kabas ◽  
I. Celik
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Lycopene Content

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the important vegetables in the world due to large production area and consumer interest. Biotic and abiotic stresses have negative effect on tomato production. Utilisation of rootstocks conferring resistance to biotic stresses can be considered as the most effective and environment friendly solution in tomato production to overcome this problem. Although wild tomato species is a good rootstock candidate due to its resistance to multiple plant diseases, effects of wild tomato species as rootstock on mineral nutrient composition and fruit quality are not clear. In the present study, effects of interspecific hybrids derived from two wild tomato species (Solanum habrochaites and Solanum penellii) as rootstock on tomato fruit mineral nutrient composition (phosphor (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu)) and fruit quality traits (soluble solids content (SSC), pH, percent titratable acidity (TA), and lycopene content) were evaluated. In the study, Amaron, Armstrong, and Arazi commercial rootstocks were used as control and AK0004 F1 (candidate tomato hybrid) was used as a source of scion. As result, only lycopene content was affected by different rootstocks. S. penellii was found to be with more potential for lycopene content. For mineral nutrient composition, all hybrids and controls had similar contents of potassium, phosphor, calcium, and magnesium. Manganese and copper contents decreased in all plants. S. habrochaites had more potential regarding nitrogen, iron, and zinc contens than S. penellii. This is the first study to evaluate two interspecific hybrids derived from S. habrochaites and S. penellii, and the results might be useful to understand effects of rootstocks derived from wild tomato species on mineral nutrient content and fruit quality.

scholarly journals Tomato leaves under stress: a comparison of stress response to mild abiotic stress between a cultivated and a wild tomato species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Reimer ◽  
Björn Thiele ◽  
Robin T. Biermann ◽  
Laura V. Junker-Frohn ◽  
Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Varied Temperature

AbstractTomato is one of the most produced crop plants on earth and growing in the fields and greenhouses all over the world. Breeding with known traits of wild species can enhance stress tolerance of cultivated crops. In this study, we investigated responses of the transcriptome as well as primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of a cultivated and a wild tomato to several abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, chilling or warmer temperatures, elevated light intensities and combinations thereof. The wild species responded different to varied temperature conditions compared to the cultivated tomato. Nitrogen deficiency caused the strongest responses and induced in particular the secondary metabolism in both species but to much higher extent in the cultivated tomato. Our study supports the potential of a targeted induction of valuable secondary metabolites in green residues of horticultural production, that will otherwise only be composted after fruit harvest. In particular, the cultivated tomato showed a strong induction in the group of mono caffeoylquinic acids in response to nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the observed differences in stress responses between cultivated and wild tomato can lead to new breeding targets for better stress tolerance.

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