scholarly journals Guard-Cell-Specific Expression of Phototropin2 C-Terminal Fragment Enhances Leaf Transpiration

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Young-Sun Riu ◽  
Hyun-Geun Song ◽  
Hwi-Su Kim ◽  
Sam-Geun Kong
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Chloroplast Movement ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Terminal Fragment ◽  
Leaf Transpiration

Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are plant-specific blue light receptors that mediate chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and phototropism. Phototropin is composed of the N-terminus LOV1 and LOV2 domains and the C-terminus Ser/Thr kinase domain. In previous studies, 35-P2CG transgenic plants expressing the phot2 C-terminal fragment–GFP fusion protein (P2CG) under the control of 35S promoter showed constitutive phot2 responses, including chloroplast avoidance response, stomatal opening, and reduced hypocotyl phototropism regardless of blue light, and some detrimental growth phenotypes. In this study, to exclude the detrimental growth phenotypes caused by the ectopic expression of P2C and to improve leaf transpiration, we used the PHOT2 promoter for the endogenous expression of GFP-fused P2C (GP2C) (P2-GP2C) and the BLUS1 promoter for the guard-cell-specific expression of GP2C (B1-GP2C), respectively. In P2-GP2C plants, GP2C expression induced constitutive phototropin responses and a relatively dwarf phenotype as in 35-P2CG plants. In contrast, B1-GP2C plants showed the guard-cell-specific P2C expression that induced constitutive stomatal opening with normal phototropism, chloroplast movement, and growth phenotype. Interestingly, leaf transpiration was significantly improved in B1-GP2C plants compared to that in P2-GP2C plants and WT. Taken together, this transgenic approach could be applied to improve leaf transpiration in indoor plants.

scholarly journals Identification of the Core Pollen-Specific Regulation in the Rice OsSUT3 Promoter

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Rucong Xu ◽  
Dong Lv ◽  
Chunlong Zhang ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Gus Expression ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Regulatory Motifs ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Promoter Deletions

The regulatory mechanisms of pollen development have potential value for applications in agriculture, such as better understanding plant reproductive regularity. Pollen-specific promoters are of vital importance for the ectopic expression of functional genes associated with pollen development in plants. However, there is a limited number of successful applications using pollen-specific promoters in genetic engineering for crop breeding and hybrid generation. Our previous work led to the identification and isolation of the OsSUT3 promoter from rice. In this study, to analyze the effects of different putative regulatory motifs in the OsSUT3 promoter, a series of promoter deletions were fused to a GUS reporter gene and then stably introduced into rice and Arabidopsis. Histochemical GUS analysis of transgenic plants revealed that p385 (from −385 to −1) specifically mediated maximal GUS expression in pollen tissues. The S region (from −385 to −203) was the key region for controlling the pollen-specific expression of a downstream gene. The E1 (−967 to −606), E2 (−202 to −120), and E3 (−119 to −1) regions enhanced ectopic promoter activity to different degrees. Moreover, the p385 promoter could alter the expression pattern of the 35S promoter and improve its activity when they were fused together. In summary, the p385 promoter, a short and high-activity promoter, can function to drive pollen-specific expression of transgenes in monocotyledon and dicotyledon transformation experiments.

scholarly journals Guard Cell Chloroplasts Are Essential for Blue Light-Dependent Stomatal Opening in Arabidopsis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e108374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Suetsugu ◽  
Tsuneaki Takami ◽  
Yuuta Ebisu ◽  
Harutaka Watanabe ◽  
Chihoko Iiboshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Guard Cell Chloroplasts

scholarly journals GABA signalling modulates stomatal opening to enhance plant water use efficiency and drought resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Yu Long ◽  
Xueying Feng ◽  
Xujun Zhu ◽  
Na Sai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Gaba Production ◽  
Anion Transporter ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractThe non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been proposed to be an ancient messenger for cellular communication conserved across biological kingdoms. GABA has well-defined signalling roles in animals; however, whilst GABA accumulates in plants under stress it has not been determined if, how, where and when GABA acts as an endogenous plant signalling molecule. Here, we establish endogenous GABA as a bona fide plant signal, acting via a mechanism not found in animals. Using Arabidopsis thaliana, we show guard cell GABA production is necessary and sufficient to reduce stomatal opening and transpirational water loss, which improves water use efficiency and drought tolerance, via negative regulation of a stomatal guard cell tonoplast-localised anion transporter. We find GABA modulation of stomata occurs in multiple plants, including dicot and monocot crops. This study highlights a role for GABA metabolism in fine tuning physiology and opens alternative avenues for improving plant stress resilience.

scholarly journals STY1 and STY2 promote the formation of apical tissues during Arabidopsis gynoecium development

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (20) ◽  
pp. 4707-4717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kuusk ◽  
Joel J. Sohlberg ◽  
Jeff A. Long ◽  
Ingela Fridborg ◽  
Eva Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Insertion Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Gynoecium Development

Gynoecium ontogenesis in Arabidopsis is accomplished by the co-ordinated activity of genes that control patterning and the regional differentiation of tissues, and ultimately results in the formation of a basal ovary, a short style and an apical stigma. A transposon insertion in the STYLISH1 (STY1) gene results in gynoecia with aberrant style morphology, while an insertion mutation in the closely related STYLISH2 (STY2) gene has no visible effect on gynoecium development. However, sty1-1 sty2-1 double mutant plants exhibit an enhanced sty1-1 mutant phenotype and are characterized by a further reduction in the amount of stylar and stigmatic tissues and decreased proliferation of stylar xylem. These data imply that STY1 and STY2 are partially redundant and that both genes promote style and stigma formation and influence vascular development during Arabidopsis gynoecium development. Consistently, STY1 and STY2 are expressed in the apical parts of the developing gynoecium and ectopic expression of either STY1 or STY2 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter is sufficient to transform valve cells into style cells. STY1::GUS and STY2::GUS activity is detected in many other organs as well as the gynoecium, suggesting that STY1 and STY2 may have additional functions. This is supported by the sty1-1 sty2-1 double mutants producing rosette and cauline leaves with a higher degree of serration than wild-type leaves. STY1 and STY2 are members of a small gene family, and encode proteins with a RING finger-like motif. Double mutant analyses indicate that STY1 genetically interacts with SPATULA and possibly also with CRABS CLAW.

scholarly journals Transcription factor GATA-4 regulates cardiac muscle-specific expression of the alpha-myosin heavy-chain gene.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 4947-4957 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Molkentin ◽  
D V Kalvakolanu ◽  
B E Markham
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype

The alpha-myosin heavy-chain (alpha-MHC) gene is the major structural protein in the adult rodent myocardium. Its expression is restricted to the heart by a complex interplay of trans-acting factors and their cis-acting sites. However, to date, the factors that have been shown to regulate expression of this gene have also been found in skeletal muscle cells. Recently, transcription factor GATA-4, which has a tissue distribution limited to the heart and endodermally derived tissues, was identified. We recently found two putative GATA-binding sites within the proximal enhancer of the alpha-MHC gene, suggesting that GATA-4 might regulate its expression. In this study, we establish that GATA-4 interacts with the alpha-MHC GATA sites to stimulate cardiac muscle-specific expression. Mutation of the GATA-4-binding sites either individually or together decreased activity by 50 and 88% in the adult myocardium, respectively. GATA-4-dependent enhancement of activity from a heterologous promoter was mediated through the alpha-MHC GATA sites. Coinjection of an alpha-MHC promoter construct with a GATA-4 expression vector permitted ectopic expression in skeletal muscle but not in fibroblasts. Thus, the lack of alpha-MHC expression in skeletal muscle correlates with a lack of GATA-4. GATA-4 DNA binding activity was significantly up-regulated in triiodothyronine- or retinoic acid-treated cardiomyocytes. Putative GATA-4-binding sites are also found in the regulatory regions of other cardiac muscle-expressed structural genes. This indicates a mechanism whereby triiodothyronine and retinoic acid can exert coordinate control of the cardiac phenotype through a trans-acting regulatory factor.

scholarly journals A Raf-like protein kinase BHP mediates blue light-dependent stomatal opening

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Hayashi ◽  
Shin-ichiro Inoue ◽  
Yoshihisa Ueno ◽  
Toshinori Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Stomatal Opening

scholarly journals The Multisensory Guard Cell. Stomatal Responses to Blue Light and Abscisic Acid

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Assmann ◽  
Ken-ichiro Shimazaki
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Stomatal Responses

Ectopic engrailed 1 expression in the dorsal midline causes cell death, abnormal differentiation of circumventricular organs and errors in axonal pathfinding

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (18) ◽  
pp. 4061-4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Louvi ◽  
M. Wassef
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Subcommissural Organ ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Axonal Pathfinding ◽  
Posterior Commissure ◽  
Expression Domain ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Endogenous Expression

A series of gain- or loss-of-function experiments performed in different vertebrate species have demonstrated that the Engrailed genes play multiple roles during brain development. In particular, they have been implicated in the determination of the mid/hindbrain domain, in cell proliferation and survival, in neurite formation, tissue polarization and axonal pathfinding. We have analyzed the consequences of a local gain of En function within or adjacent to the endogenous expression domain in mouse and chick embryos. In WEXPZ.En1 transgenic mice (Danielian, P. S. and McMahon, A. P. (1996) Nature 383, 332–334) several genes are induced as a consequence of ectopic expression of En1 in the diencephalic roof (but in a pattern inconsistent with a local di- to mes-encephalon fate change). The development of several structures with secretory function, generated from the dorsal neuroepithelium, is severely compromised. The choroid plexus, subcommissural organ and pineal gland either fail to form or are atrophic. These defects are preceded by an increase in cell death at the dorsal midline. Comparison with the phenotype of Wnt1(sw/sw) (swaying) mutants suggests that subcommissural organ failure is the main cause of prenatal hydrocephalus observed in both strains. The formation of the posterior commissure is also delayed, and errors in axonal pathfinding are frequent. In chick, ectopic expression of En by in ovo electroporation, affects growth and differentiation of the choroid plexus.

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