scholarly journals Management of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Mexican Citrus Groves: Chemical Alternatives and Economic Viability

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽  
Pablo Alfredo Domínguez-Martínez ◽  
Hellen Martins da Silveira ◽  
Hugo Enrique Cruz-Hipólito ◽  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Cost

Glyphosate is a cheap herbicide that has been used to control a wide range of weeds (4–6 times/year) in citrus groves of the Gulf of Mexico; however, its excessive use has selected for glyphosate-resistant weeds. We evaluated the efficacy and economic viability of 13 herbicide treatments (glyphosate combined with PRE- and/or POST-emergence herbicides and other alternative treatments), applied in tank-mixture or sequence, to control glyphosate-resistant weeds in two Persian lime groves (referred to as SM-I and SM-II) of the municipality of Acateno, Puebla, during two years (2014 and 2015). The SM-I and SM-II fields had 243 and 346 weeds/m2, respectively, composed mainly of Bidens pilosa and Leptochloa virgata. Echinochloa colona was also frequent in SM-II. The glyphosate alone treatments (1080, 1440, or 1800 g ae ha−1) presented control levels of the total weed population ranging from 64% to 85% at 15, 30, and 45 d after treatment (DAT) in both fields. Mixtures of glyphosate with grass herbicides such as fluazifop-p-butyl, sethoxydim, and clethodim efficiently controlled E. colona and L. virgata, but favored the regrowth of B. pilosa. The sequential applications of glyphosate + (bromacil + diuron) and glufosinate + oxyfluorfen controlled more than 85% the total weed community for more than 75 days. However, these treatments were between 360% and 390% more expensive (1.79 and 1.89 $/day ha−1 of satisfactory weed control, respectively), compared to the representative treatment (glyphosate 1080 g ae ha−1 = USD $29.0 ha−1). In practical and economic terms, glufosinate alone was the best treatment controlling glyphosate resistant weeds maintaining control levels >80% for at least 60 DAT ($1.35/day ha−1). The rest of the treatments, applied in tank-mix or in sequence with glyphosate, had similar or lower control levels (~70%) than glyphosate at 1080 g ae ha−1. The adoption of glufosiante alone, glufosinate + oxyfluorfen or glyphosate + (bromacil + diuron) must consider the cost of satisfactory weed control per day, the period of weed control, as well as other factors associated with production costs to obtain an integrated weed management in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Maize with Gliricidia Intercropping

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
A.L. Monteiro ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O.F. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Weed Growth

One of the very important components in the organic maize production costs refers to spending on weed control. In this research were assessed the effects of maize hybrids (AG 1051 and BR 205) in an intercropping with Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and mechanical hoeing on weed control. The treatments assessed were: A - maize monocropping + two hoeings (20 and 40 days after sowing); B - maize with one hoeing at 20 days + intercropping with gliricidia sowed after hoeing; C - maize sowing intercropped with gliricidia at the time of maize sowing + hoeing at 40 days; D - maize sowing intercropped with gliricidia at the time of maize sowing without hoeing; E - monocropping maize without hoeing. In the intercroppings, gliricidia was sowed in broadcast seeding with 30 viable seeds m-2. Maize hybrids did not differ in their effects on weed growth and grain yield. Treatments A, B and C have reduced weed growth, compared to treatments D and E. The highest grain yield was obtained with treatment A and the lowest with treatment E. It was concluded that intercropping maize and gliricidia is not a good alternative for an integrated weed management in maize crops in the conditions assessed.

Pathogens as Mechanisms for Integrated Weed Management

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Quimby ◽  
H. L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Cost

A need exists to manage or manipulate plant pathogens for biocontrol of weeds in row crops. Many weed species remain refractory to conventional weed-control technology. Some of these weeds occur in the same families as important crops and are resistant or tolerant to many of the herbicides that are applied for weed control within those crops. Preemergence treatments are needed for some weed species for which only postemergence treatments are now available. The cost of controlling some weeds is so prohibitive that many farmers will not spend the necessary money; therefore, more economical control is needed.

Compatibility and Efficiency of In-Row Cultivation for Weed Management in Corn (Zea mays)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Donald W. Lybecker ◽  
Phil Westra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Bioeconomic Model ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Management Tactics

Information on the effects of multiple weed management tactics in corn is needed to develop integrated weed management systems. The effectiveness and compatibility of an in-row cultivator as compared to a standard interrow cultivator used with reduced rates of a soil-applied herbicide, rotary hoeing, and/or a bioeconomic model for POST herbicide selection was examined. Weed control with a single rotary hoeing at corn emergence controlled annual weeds similarly to two rotary hoeings. One-third recommended use rate of alachlor controlled weeds similarly to a two-thirds rate. Reduced rates of alachlor controlled more weeds than rotary hoeing over 2 yr. The in-row cultivator required early-season weed control (rotary hoeing or reduced alachlor rate) for optimum efficacy. The in-row cultivator provided better weed control than the standard cultivator while the cost of operating the two cultivators was similar. Thus, the in-row cultivator was more efficient than the standard cultivator. Furthermore, less intensive early-season weed control was required with the in-row cultivator for maximum weed control as compared to the standard cultivator. Rotary hoeing plus the in-row cultivator provided similar weed control to other weed management tactics that required both soil-applied and POST herbicides. Gross margin was influenced more by corn yield than cost of weed management tactics.

scholarly journals Optimizing Weed Management for the New Super-Forage Moringa oleifera

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Itai Shulner ◽  
Evyatar Asaf ◽  
Zohar Ben-Simhon ◽  
Miri Cohen-Zinder ◽  
Ariel Shabtay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Safe Control ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa hereafter) is cultivated as a new summer super-forage field crop in Israel, yet no weed control protocol has been developed for it. The objective of the study was to develop an integrated weed management (IWM) practice for the moringa agro-system in arid and semi-arid regions like the Mediterranean basin. We tested various herbicides applied pre (PRE) and post (POST) crop emergence and cultivation methods for weed control, with an emphasis on crop safety. The PRE herbicides were the most effective and safe control mean. Their application resulted in minor (<5%) crop fresh weight reductions and weed cover area, compared with the control. The POST herbicides were also effective, yet their crop safety level was lower and non-consistent in some treatments. Generally, the finger weeder was less effective than the herbicide treatments and caused higher fresh weight reduction. However, this means was more effective when applied at earlier stages. Management and environmental conditions had a high impact on the moringa growth; hence, these aspects should be considered. Our results show the potential use of different herbicides and non-chemical tools and set the basis for a future IWM protocol for moringa. The wide range of options offered here can ensure economic and environmentally viable solutions for this new crop.

Research Needs for Integrated Weed Management Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
W. C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Cost

Producers of food have always been troubled with weeds. Hand labor was the primary source of weed control for centuries, and selective weed control was not achieved until copper sulphate was used to control mustard (Brassicaspp.) in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in 1896 (4, 42). Adequate crop selectivity was usually difficult to obtain with herbicides during the first 40 yr of the 20th century and the cost of the early herbicides was high.

scholarly journals Economics of row spacing and integrated weed management in soybean (Glycine max L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-278
Author(s):  
Olumide Daramola ◽  
Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Joseph Adigun ◽  
Christopher Adejuyigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
The Cost

The high cost of cultivation and weed management are major limiting factors to increasing soybean productivity and net returns. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta to evaluate the economic performance of different row spacings and integrated weed management system in soybean. Three row spacings (50, 75 and 100 cm) as the main plots and six weed control methods and a weedy check as sub-plot treatments were accommodated in a split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block design with three replications. There was a significant reduction in weed biomass with a reduction in row spacing from 100 cm to 75 cm and 50 cm. Furthermore, the cost of production, grain yield and gross profit increased with a reduction in row spacing from 100 to 75 and 50. When soybean was sown at 50-cm row spacing, the application of Probaben 400EC (metolachlor 20% w/v + prometryn 20% w/v) or Butachlor 60EC (butachlor) at 2.0 kg a.i/ha each followed by supplementary hoe-weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) resulted in the highest yield of 2301-2484 kg/ha and total revenue of 2129-1972 $/ha. Conversely, three hoe-weedings resulted in the highest yield of 2155-2081 kg/ha and total revenue of 1848-1783 $/ha for crops grown at 75- and 100-cm row spacings. Despite the higher yield and revenue obtained with three hoe-weedings for crops grown at 75- and 100-cm row spacings, the gross profit and benefit-cost ratios obtained were lower than those obtained with herbicide treatments applied alone or followed by supplementary hoe-weeding. In terms of profitability, soybean planted at 50-cm row spacing and treated with Probaben 400EC at 2.0 kg a.i/ha followed by supplementary hoe-weeding gave the highest gross profit of 1479 $/ha. Two or three hoe-weedings in soybean planted at narrow-row (50 cm) spacing did not guarantee the highest yield, but rather increased the cost of weed control. This study suggests that narrow-row spacing (50 cm) and pre-emergence herbicides will help to reduce the number of hoe-weedings and consequently the high cost of production required for optimum yield and increase profitability in soybean production.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

Herbicide Timing and Rate Effects on Weed Management in Three Herbicide-Resistant Canola Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Herbicide Timing ◽  
Weed Removal

Herbicide-resistant canola dominates the canola market in Canada. A multiyear field experiment was conducted at three locations to investigate the effect of time of weed removal (two-, four-, or six-leaf canola) and herbicide rate (50 or 100% recommended) in three herbicide-resistant canola systems. Weeds were controlled in glufosinate-resistant canola (GLU) with glufosinate, in glyphosate-resistant canola (GLY) with glyphosate, and in imidazolinone-resistant canola (IMI) with a 50:50 mixture of imazamox and imazethapyr. Canola yields were similar among the three canola cultivar–herbicide systems. Yields were not influenced by 50 vs. 100% herbicide rates. Timing of weed removal had the greatest effect on canola yield, with weed removal at the four-leaf stage giving the highest yields in most cases. Percent dockage was often greater for GLU and IMI than for GLY. In comparison with the other treatments, dockage levels doubled for GLU after application at 50% herbicide rates. The consistency of monocot weed control was usually greater for GLY than for GLU or IMI systems. However, weed biomass data revealed no differences in dicot weed control consistency between IMI and GLY systems. Greater dockage and weed biomass variability after weed removal at the six-leaf stage or after low herbicide rates suggests higher weed seed production, which could constrain the adoption of integrated weed management practices in subsequent years.

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