The Effect of Cadmium on the Activity of Stress-Related Enzymes and the Ultrastructure of Pea Roots

The analysis of the effects of cadmium (Cd) on plant cells is crucial to understand defense mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants against Cd toxicity. In this study, we examined stress-related enzyme activities after one and seven days of Cd application and the ultrastructure of roots of Pisum sativum L. after seven days of Cd treatment (10, 50, 100, and 200 μM CdSO4). Our results showed that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the amount of Cd accumulated in the roots were significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration used in our experiment. However, Cd caused a decrease of all studied antioxidative enzyme activities (i.e., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)). The analysis of the ultrastructure (TEM) showed various responses to Cd, depending on Cd concentrations. In general, lower Cd concentrations (50 and 100 μM CdSO4) mostly resulted in increased amounts of oil bodies, plastolysomes and the accumulation of starch granules in plastids. Meanwhile, roots treated with a higher concentration of Cd (200 μM CdSO4) additionally triggered protective responses such as an increased deposition of suberin lamellae in the endodermal cell walls. This indicates that Cd induces a complex defense response in root tissues.

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Changes in the antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in wheat seedlings exposed to cadmium and lead stress

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202007000100006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Surjendu K. Dey ◽

Jayashree Dey ◽

Sanjukta Patra ◽

Debasmita Pothal

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Pb Stress ◽

Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽

Cadmium And Lead ◽

Root Tissues

Wheat seedlings were grown in presence of CdCl2 (0-200 µM) and Pb(NO3)2 (0-2000 µM) separately. The growth of metal-treated seedlings was significantly depressed. The activities of antioxidative enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) were altered both in root and shoot tissues of 7-d-old seedlings. Under Cd stress, SOD activity in roots was undetectable even at the lowest Cd concentration (50 µM) whereas in shoots it declined sharply with increasing Cd levels. The activity of CAT declined to a greater extent in roots than in shoots. Even though the POX activity increased nine times in shoots, a decreasing trend was observed in root tissues due to Cd stress. Under Pb stress, the induction in SOD activity and decline in CAT activity were sharper in root tissues than in their shoot counterparts. The POX activity increased both in roots and shoots under Pb stress. Malondialdehyde concentration increased in both roots and shoots of Cd- and Pb-treated seedlings. The results suggest that metal toxicity was associated with oxidative stress. The decline in CAT activity may be the probable reason behind the Cd- and Pb-induced oxidative stress, since the alterations in SOD and POX activities showed different trends under these metal stresses.

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Protective enzymes against reactive oxygen species during ripening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits in response to low amounts of UV-C

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp00070 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 785 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Essaid Ait Barka

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Ascorbate Oxidase ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Second Period ◽

Uv C

In previous studies with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) exposed to a low level (3.7 kJ m –2) of UV-C (λ: 254 nm) radiation, which is defined as a beneficial level, we report a delay in fruit ripening by at least 1 week for treated fruit. In the present study, we investigate the changes in the activities of different enzymes involved in defense mechanisms, such as guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate oxidase, lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in tomato fruit in response to a beneficial level of UV-C. The irradiation leads to an increase in the guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, whereas catalase activity remains similar to the control. The activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate oxidase were significantly reduced after UV-C exposure. In UV-C-treated fruit, an increase of lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities occurred within the first 5 d, followed by a second period in which these activities were below those of the control. Our study suggests that the level of UV-C used induced a rapid but moderate accumulation of photooxidation products, to which plants react by stimulating their defence mechanisms against oxidation. This activation may explain the delay observed in ripening and senescence of irradiated tomato fruit.

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Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on growth, zinc metal uptake and antioxidative enzyme activities in Brassica juncea L. seedlings

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202007000300004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Priyanka Sharma ◽

Renu Bhardwaj ◽

Nitika Arora ◽

Hardesh Kumar Arora

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Metal Uptake ◽

Antioxidative Enzyme ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Zinc Metal ◽

Zn Uptake ◽

Metal Treatment ◽

Antioxidative Enzyme Activities

The present work was undertaken to study the effects of 28-homobrassinolide on growth, zinc metal uptake, antioxidative enzyme [guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)] activities and protein content in 7-d-old seedlings of Brassica juncea L. treated with Zn metal at different concentrations. 28-homobrassinolide at 10-9 M concentration lowered Zn uptake and bioconcentration factor. Different concentrations of Zn-metal treatment alone decreased the enzyme activities and protein concentration of seedlings. However, pre-sowing treatments of 28homobrassinolide lowered the uptake of metal and enhanced the activities of enzymes and protein concentration of seedlings.

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Effects of the Deer Antler Extract on Scopolamine-induced Memory Impairment and Its Related Enzyme Activities

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.4.409 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 409-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mi-Ra Lee ◽

Bai-Shen Sun ◽

Li-Juan Gu ◽

Chun-Yan Wang ◽

Zhe-Ming Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Deer Antler ◽

Related Enzyme

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Phytochemical changes in mango fruit in response to Alternaria alternata infection

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/328/2017-cjfs ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiao Li ◽

Liangang Mao ◽

Yanning Zhang ◽

Lan Zhang ◽

Hongyun Jiang

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Mango Fruit ◽

Malondialdehyde Content

Changes in mango fruit quality, malondialdehyde content, and enzymatic activities in response to pathogen Alternaria alternata infection were studied. A. alternata significantly affected the appearance of mango fruit at 5 and 7 days after treatment (DAT). The quality of pathogen-infected fruit first showed a significant decrease in titratable acidity and vitamin C content and a significant increase in pH since 3 DAT. The malondialdehyde content was higher than that in the untreated controls at 3 and 7 DAT. The enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase showed significant increases since 3 DAT. Significant increases in l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed at 7 DAT. These results indicate that A. alternata infection first significantly affects some biochemical constituents and enzyme activities in mango fruit since 3 DAT and that there was no significant effect on appearance until 5 DAT.

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Avenanthramide content and related enzyme activities in oats as affected by steeping and germination

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2007.09.010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 294-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Maria Skoglund ◽

David M. Peterson ◽

Roger Andersson ◽

Janicka Nilsson ◽

Lena H. Dimberg

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Related Enzyme

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Effects of Vibrio alginolyticus infection on immune-related enzyme activities and ultrastructure of Charybdis japonica gills

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.02.042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 396-399 ◽

pp. 82-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shan-Liang Xu ◽

Dan-Li Wang ◽

Chao-Yan Jia ◽

Shan Jin ◽

Chun-Lin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽

Charybdis Japonica ◽

Related Enzyme

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Decreased neutrophil antioxidative enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation in hyperlipoproteinemic human subjects

Clinica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/s0009-8981(98)00178-8 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 279 (1-2) ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Hasan Efe ◽

Orhan Değer ◽

Dursun Kirci ◽

S.Caner Karahan ◽

Asim Örem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Antioxidative Enzyme ◽

Antioxidative Enzyme Activities

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Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors on Secondary Metabolite Production and Antioxidant Response inHypericum perforatumL. Shoot Cultures

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/609649 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sonja Gadzovska Simic ◽

Oliver Tusevski ◽

Stéphane Maury ◽

Alain Delaunay ◽

Claude Joseph ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Hypericum Perforatum ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Redox System ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Significant Suppression ◽

Pal Activity

The effects of polysaccharide elicitors such as chitin, pectin, and dextran on the production of phenylpropanoids (phenolics and flavonoids) and naphtodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin) inHypericum perforatumshoot cultures were studied. Nonenzymatic antioxidant properties (NEAOP) and peroxidase (POD) activity were also observed in shoot extracts. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone-flavanone isomerase (CHFI) were monitored to estimate channeling in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways of elicited shoot cultures. A significant suppression of the production of total phenolics and flavonoids was observed in elicited shoots from day 14 to day 21 of postelicitation. This inhibition of phenylpropanoid production was probably due to the decrease in CHFI activity in elicited shoots. Pectin and dextran promoted accumulation of naphtodianthrones, particularly pseudohypericin, within 21 days of postelicitation. The enhanced accumulation of naphtodianthrones was positively correlated with an increase of PAL activity in elicited shoots. All tested elicitors induced NEAOP at day 7, while chitin and pectin showed increase in POD activity within the entire period of postelicitation. The POD activity was in significantly positive correlation with flavonoid and hypericin contents, suggesting a strong perturbation of the cell redox system and activation of defense responses in polysaccharide-elicitedH. perforatumshoot cultures.

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