scholarly journals More than Scales: Evidence for the Production and Exudation of Mucilage by the Peltate Trichomes of Tillandsia cyanea (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Igor Ballego-Campos ◽  
Rafaela C. Forzza ◽  
Elder A. S. Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
First Record ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Mucilage Secretion

Bromeliad scales have been investigated extensively due to their recognition as a key ecological and evolutionary feature of Bromeliaceae. However, much remains unknown about such trichomes and only recently mucilage exudation was described for them in a species of the subfamily Bromelioideae. The present study aimed to investigate the secretion present in inflorescences of Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch (Tillandsioideae) to determine whether the scales of this species also produce and release secretions. Samples of young and mature portions of inflorescences were collected and prepared according to standard methods for light and electron microscopy. Anatomical and ultrastructural results indicate that the secretion is produced by the wing portion of typical peltate trichomes on the adaxial surface of bracts. The secretory activity begins in the early stages of trichome expansion and characteristically occurs in cells exhibiting a porous cuticle and dense cytoplasm with numerous mitochondria and dictyosomes. Histochemical tests confirmed mucilage secretion and revealed proteins in the exudate. These data comprise the first record of mucilage exudation by trichomes within Tillandsioideae and indicate that this capacity may be more relevant to bromeliad biology than previously considered. Functional aspects and colleter-like activity are also discussed.

Colleters in the vegetative axis of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae): anatomical, ultrastructural and functional aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Ballego-Campos ◽  
Elder Antônio Sousa Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
First Time

Colleters are common among eudicotyledons, but few records exist for monocotyledons and other groups of plants. For Bromeliaceae, mucilage secretions that protect the young portions of the plant have been observed only in the reproductive axis, and little is known about the secretory systems behind this or even other kind of secretions in the family. We aimed to describe, for the first time, the occurrence of colleters associated with the vegetative shoot of Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Sm., and elucidate aspects of their structure, ultrastructure and secretory activity. Samples of various portions of the stem axis were prepared according to standard methods for light and electron microscopy. Colleters were found compressed in the axillary portion of leaves and in all leaf developmental stages. Secretory activity, however, was found to be restricted to young and unexpanded leaves. The colleters displayed a flattened hand-like shape formed by a multiseriate stalk and an expanded secretory portion bearing elongated marginal cells. Ultrastructural data confirmed that the secretory role of the colleters is consistent with mucilaginous secretion. The functional roles of the colleters are discussed with regard to environmental context and intrinsic features of the plant, such as the presence of a water-impounding tank.

scholarly journals Dynamic-ultrastructural cell volume (3D) correlative microscopy facilitated by intracellular fluorescent nanodiamonds as multi-modal probes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Prabhakar ◽  
Ilya Belevich ◽  
Markus Peurla ◽  
Xavier Heiligenstein ◽  
Huan-Cheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Block Face ◽  
Fluorescent Nanodiamonds

ABSTRACTThree-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy (3D CLEM) are attaining popularity as a potential technique to explore the functional aspects of a cell together with high-resolution ultrastructural details across the cell volume. In order to perform such a 3D CLEM experiment, there is an imperative requirement for multi-modal probes that are both fluorescent and electron-dense. These multi-modal probes will serve as landmarks in matching up the large full cell volume datasets acquired by different imaging modalities. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are a unique nanosized, fluorescent, and electron-dense material from the nanocarbon family. We hereby propose a novel and straightforward method for executing 3D CLEM using FNDs as multi-modal landmarks. We demonstrate that FNDs is biocompatible and easily identified both in living cell fluorescence imaging and in serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SB-EM). We illustrate the 3D CLEM method by registering multi-modal datasets.

Unusual macromorphology of the ductuli efferentes and epididymis of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Gibson ◽  
Chris M. Leigh ◽  
William G. Breed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Ductuli Efferentes ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Electron Lucent

The macromorphology of the ductuli efferentes and epididymis of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) was investigated and found to differ from that of other marsupial species that have been described as it comprised four macroscopically distinct lobes. Light and electron microscopy of epithelium of the duct within these lobes showed that there were principal and ciliated cells lining the duct of the first lobe, indicating it to be composed of ductuli efferentes. In the other three lobes, the epithelium contained principal, basal, electron-lucent, and mitochondria-rich cells, showing that these three lobes included the epithelium of the epididymis. The height of this epithelium gradually increased along the duct (contrary to the situation in most other species that have been studied, in which a decrease occurs). Preliminary 1D-SDS PAGE observations of flushes from the caput and cauda epididymides suggested that epididymal proteins were secreted along much of the length of the duct; the greater height of the cauda epithelium may relate to the greater protein synthetic and secretory activity in this region.

scholarly journals First record of the entomopathogenic protist, Mattesia dispora (Neogregarinorida: Lipotrophidae) of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yaman ◽  
Kâbire Funda Acar ◽  
Renate Radek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Record ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Ephestia Kuehniella ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Oocyst Wall ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics

AbstractThe present study is the first record of a natural neogregarine infection of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Turkey. The infection occurs in the fat body and hemolymph of the larvae. Typical fresh navicular oocysts of the pathogen were 12.1–16.2 μm in length and 5.9–8.5 in width (n = 50). Oocysts stained with Giemsa stain measured 11.7–14.2 μm in length and 5.9–8.5 μm in width. Polar plugs were recognizable using light and electron microscopy. The oocyst wall is quite thick, measuring 460 to 560 nm. Each oocyst contains 8 sporozoites. The described neogregarine has typical characteristics of members of the genus Mattesia (Family Lipotrophidaeorder Neogregarinorida) and shows similarities with Mattesia dispora in morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. The occurrence of the pathogen in different life stages of E. kuehniella was also studied. Total infection was observed as 66.98% in the investigated samples. The pathogen caused different infection levels in the larvae, pupae, and adults of the E. kuehniella, 57.06, 85, and 3.17%, respectively.

Menzbieria chalcographi, a new neogregarine pathogen of the great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yaman ◽  
Renate Radek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Record ◽  
Dendroctonus Micans ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

AbstractThis study concerns a new neogregarine parasitic in the great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). The rate of infection was high, reaching 27.3%. There was no difference in the rate of infection of male and female beetles. The life-cycle stages of the pathogen were described by light and electron microscopy. Each gametocyst of the neogregarine included 8–16 actinocephalid oocysts measuring 11.19 ± 0.42 × 4.99 ± 0.25 μm. The described pathogen has the typical characteristics of members of the genus Menzbieria within the order Neogregarinida and it was identified as Menzbieria chalcographi. This is the first record of an infection of D. micans by M. chalcographi. Possibly, this pathogen could be useful for the biological control of this destructive bark beetle.

scholarly journals Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus Coolia Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in Coolia tropicalis

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá ◽  
Manoella Sibat ◽  
Luciano Felício Fernandes ◽  
Gwenaël Bilien ◽  
Nicolas Chomérat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Record ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates

Coolia is a genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates which is widely distributed in tropical and temperate zones. Toxicity has been reported in selected Coolia species, although the identity of causative compounds is still controversial. In this study, we investigated the taxonomical and toxicological aspects of Coolia species from Brazil. Since light- and electron microscopy-based morphology was not enough to distinguish small-celled species, ITS and LSU D1-D3 phylogenetic analyses were used for species definition. Cultures of Coolia palmyrensis and Coolia santacroce were established from samples collected along the northeastern Brazilian coast, the first record of both species in South Atlantic waters. Cultures of Coolia malayensis and Coolia tropicalis were also established and exhibited acute in vivo toxicity to adults of Artemia salina, while C. palmyrensis and C. santacroce were non-toxic. The presence of 30 yessotoxin analogues, 7 metabolites of Coolia and 44 Gambierdiscus metabolites was screened in 14 strains of Coolia. 44-methyl gambierone (formerly referred to as MTX3) and a new isomer of this compound were detected only in C. tropicalis, using both low- and high-resolution LC-MS/MS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gambierone analogues in dinoflagellates other than Gambierdiscus; the role of C. tropicalis in ciguatera poisoning thus deserves to be considered in further investigations.

scholarly journals Cell Volume (3D) Correlative Microscopy Facilitated by Intracellular Fluorescent Nanodiamonds as Multi-Modal Probes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Neeraj Prabhakar ◽  
Ilya Belevich ◽  
Markus Peurla ◽  
Xavier Heiligenstein ◽  
Huan-Cheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Block Face ◽  
Fluorescent Nanodiamonds

Three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy (3D CLEM) is attaining popularity as a potential technique to explore the functional aspects of a cell together with high-resolution ultrastructural details across the cell volume. To perform such a 3D CLEM experiment, there is an imperative requirement for multi-modal probes that are both fluorescent and electron-dense. These multi-modal probes will serve as landmarks in matching up the large full cell volume datasets acquired by different imaging modalities. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are a unique nanosized, fluorescent, and electron-dense material from the nanocarbon family. We hereby propose a novel and straightforward method for executing 3D CLEM using FNDs as multi-modal landmarks. We demonstrate that FND is biocompatible and is easily identified both in living cell fluorescence imaging and in serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SB-EM). We illustrate the method by registering multi-modal datasets.

scholarly journals Calicinal trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae) producing lipophilic substances: ultrastructural and functional aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thália Do Socorro Serra Gama ◽  
Diego Demarco ◽  
Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Lipophilic Substances

<p class="Normal1">Plant structures that secrete lipids and phenolic compounds are often associated with the protection and development of organs against desiccation, in addition to the protection they provide against animals, as the capitate trichomes of <em>Adenocalymma magnificum</em>. Understanding the glandular activities that occur in these trichomes has required the study of their ontogeny, structure, ultrastructure and histochemical aspects; the interpretation of their ecological functions or evolutionary history is complicated by the scarcity of reports on calicinal trichomes that are not nectar-secreting. Samples of floral calyx in anthesis and flower buds at different stages of development were fixed and processed according to the methods for light and electron microscopy. The trichomes are randomly distributed throughout the entire inner surface of the calyx and are also visible on the flower buds. These capitate glandular trichomes were composed of a peduncle, having up to nine cells, and a multicellular secretory head with their cells in columnar format and arranged in disc form. The collar cell, which is under the secretory head, divides anticlinally and arranges itself side by side with the mother cell. As they develop, they bend with some of them becoming adpressed to the calyx. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretory head cells produce lipid substances, acidic lipids and phenolic compounds. In the secretory head, the vacuome is dispersed and the cytoplasm possesses a great number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and leucoplasts, organelles involved in the production of osmiophilic substances. In some regions of the secretory cells, cuticle detachment was observed; however, the accumulation of secretions was not observed. This study describes, for the first time, the origin, development, and secretion process of the calicinal trichomes of <em>Adenocalymma magnificum</em>, showing that production of lipophilic substances is important for this plant, possibly the trichomes may be involved in the plant’s chemical defense against insects, offering protection against herbivores.</p>

scholarly journals The istant changes of the salivary glands to stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. V. Gerasimov ◽  
S. V. Logvinov ◽  
V. P. Kostyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Duct Cell ◽  
Cell Stress ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Granular Ducts

Night lighting and microwave exposure have been influence on structures of stress realization. The endocrine, fotoperiodical and adaptive functions of rodent submandibular salivary glands belonging to hormone produced duct cells. To evaluate their morphofunctional state at guinea-pigs and rats using the methods of light and electron microscopy there have been analyzed striated and granular ducts. It has been revealed that instant and twenty-four-hour strengthening of duct cell stress induced secretory activity was similar. It is concluded that salivary glands take part in circadian expectations to stress.

Cytological study of Сhloromonas typhlos (Chlamydomonadaceae, Chlorophyta) from North-Western Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Boldina
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
North Western

The strain of biflagellated green monad, selected from the specimen gathered in the Novgorod Region was studied by light and electron microscopy. The species was identified on the base of coincidence of the majority of specific light and ultrastructural signs revealed in both the strain SAG 26.86 of Chloromonas typhlos (Gerloff) Matsuzaki et al. and in studied strain. On LM level the cells are ellipsoid, some asymmetric, 12–17 μm long, 8–13 μm wide, with an apical, hardly distinguished hemispherical papilla flattened on the top. Chloroplast parietal, cup-shaped, thickened on one side, with big lobes, irregular incisions and fissures on the surface. These and other features are characteristic of the type and the studied strain of C. typhlos, excluding stigma observed in the studied strain only. On the ultrastructural level, large thylakoid packs, similar with chloroplast thylakoids, were observed in pyrenoids of both strains of C. typhlos. The detected pyrenoid type was never discovered in chlamydomonads earlier. It is the first record of C. typhlos for the Novgorod Region and the whole Russia, and adds the list of «bloom-forming» species. The strain was deposited in the collection of microalgae strains in the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre under the name SYKOA Ch-063-17.

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