scholarly journals Calicinal trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae) producing lipophilic substances: ultrastructural and functional aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thália Do Socorro Serra Gama ◽  
Diego Demarco ◽  
Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Lipophilic Substances

<p class="Normal1">Plant structures that secrete lipids and phenolic compounds are often associated with the protection and development of organs against desiccation, in addition to the protection they provide against animals, as the capitate trichomes of <em>Adenocalymma magnificum</em>. Understanding the glandular activities that occur in these trichomes has required the study of their ontogeny, structure, ultrastructure and histochemical aspects; the interpretation of their ecological functions or evolutionary history is complicated by the scarcity of reports on calicinal trichomes that are not nectar-secreting. Samples of floral calyx in anthesis and flower buds at different stages of development were fixed and processed according to the methods for light and electron microscopy. The trichomes are randomly distributed throughout the entire inner surface of the calyx and are also visible on the flower buds. These capitate glandular trichomes were composed of a peduncle, having up to nine cells, and a multicellular secretory head with their cells in columnar format and arranged in disc form. The collar cell, which is under the secretory head, divides anticlinally and arranges itself side by side with the mother cell. As they develop, they bend with some of them becoming adpressed to the calyx. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretory head cells produce lipid substances, acidic lipids and phenolic compounds. In the secretory head, the vacuome is dispersed and the cytoplasm possesses a great number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and leucoplasts, organelles involved in the production of osmiophilic substances. In some regions of the secretory cells, cuticle detachment was observed; however, the accumulation of secretions was not observed. This study describes, for the first time, the origin, development, and secretion process of the calicinal trichomes of <em>Adenocalymma magnificum</em>, showing that production of lipophilic substances is important for this plant, possibly the trichomes may be involved in the plant’s chemical defense against insects, offering protection against herbivores.</p>

scholarly journals Micromorphology and ultrastructure of trichomes of Libyan Salvia fruticosa Mill.

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheef Al ◽  
Sonja Duletic-Lausevic ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Marija Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Short Stalk ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. were performed by light and electron microscopy. The leaves bear numerous non-glandular unbranched trichomes, and peltate, capitate and digitiform glandular trichomes. Very elongated flagelliform non-glandular trichomes densely covered the leaf surfaces, with especially abundance on the leaf margins. Peltate trichomes consist of a basal epidermal cell, a very short stalk cell and a large round head of eight secretory cells arranged in a circle. Capitate trichomes can be divided into two main types, short-stalked and long-stalked, and further into five subtypes according to the number of stalk cells, morphology and number of glandular head cells. Digitiform trichomes consist of one basal cell, one or two stalk cells and one apical secretory cell, which are of similar diameter and approximately equal length.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and histochemistry of leaf trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Ana Alimpic ◽  
Petar Marin ◽  
Sheef Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Trichome

We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical features of the leaves and stems of Baccharis notosergila (Asteraceae) and their relationship with the environment and chemical control

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra V. Carbone ◽  
Federico E. Fernández ◽  
Marcelo P. Hernández ◽  
Santiago M. Martínez Alonso ◽  
Ana Maria Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Botanical Knowledge ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Salado River ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Lipophilic Substances

Background and aims: Baccharis notosergila is an aggressive weed inhabiting the Salado river basin, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The aims of this work were: to analyze the morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of aerial vegetative organs in order to understand the adaptation strategies that ensure its survival, as well as to expand knowledge on traits determining resistance to the control methods applied. M&M: The material collected was prepared and examined with conventional techniques of microscopy. Histochemical tests to identify starch, resins, polyphenols, and lipophilic substances were performed.  Results: The major features found were small and deciduous leaves; uniseriate epidermis with massive and striate cuticle; stomata at level or slightly above the other epidermal cells and glandular trichomes secreting oily substances; stomata on both surfaces and isobilateral mesophyll. Tannins, starch and lipophilic substances were identified in leaves and stems; polyphenols, resins and lipids in ducts, and calcium oxalate crystals in leaves, stems and capitate trichomes. Conclusions: The aerial vegetative organs features of B. notosergila explain its tolerance to the unfavorable conditions of the Salado river basin area, as well as its high competitive ability over others species of the natural prairie. The reduced and deciduous leaves, the epidermal traits, and chemical substances found constitute a physical and chemical barrier reducing dehydration as well as the penetration of the herbicides applied for its control. Botanical knowledge of B. notosergila is the basis for the design and development of new and appropriate management methods for this species.

scholarly journals Histochemical Investigation and Kinds of Alkaloids in Leaves of Different Developmental Stages inThymus quinquecostatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Jing ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hanzhu Liu ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Histochemical Investigation ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Thymus quinquecostatus, with more medical value, is a kind of wild plants. In order to exploit and utilize this plant, we studied the species and locations of alkaloids in its leaves. In this paper, histochemical study of leaves at different developing stages was taken to localize the alkaloids. Meanwhile, the kinds and content of alkaloids in leaves were identified using GC-MS technique. It was found that there were two kinds of glandular trichomes, namely, peltate trichomes and capitate trichomes, on the surface of leaves, and their secretory cells could secrete alkaloids. Results showed that trichomes could secrete alkaloids as soon as the first pair of leaves formed, and there were altogether 18 kinds of alkaloids identified by GC-MS. Nearly all of these alkaloids of leaves at different developing stages were distinct from each other, except one, 3-methoxy-a-methyl-benzeneethanamine, persists at different developing stages with high concentration.

scholarly journals Transfer cells in trichomatous nectary in Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
THÁLIA S.S. GAMA ◽  
ANA CRISTINA A. DE AGUIAR-DIAS ◽  
DIEGO DEMARCO
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Transfer cells are specialized cells that play an important role where there are high energy costs due to facilitation of transmembrane flow of solutes. This study aimed to investigate the ontogenesis, histochemistry and ultrastructure of glandular trichomes focusing on stalk cells and their possible transfer function. Samples of prophylls of axillary buds, calyces of flowers in anthesis, and flower buds in different stages of development were collected, fixed and processed according to the common methods of microscopy. The glandular trichomes are composed of a secretory head with its cells in columnar format. The stalk is formed by two layers of cells, with the upper layer composed of cuboidal cells where the wall starts to thicken at the beginning of the pre-secretory phase. The secretion is heterogeneous, releasing glucose, other carbohydrates, lipids and phenolic compounds, with two types of release - eccrine and granulocrine. These trichomes are functionally termed as nectaries. The stalk cells appear as transfer cells since they have a thicker anticlinal wall with irregular ingrowths. The presence of transfer cells in the nectaries suggests a high specialization because it improves transport capacity of nectar and compensation in the high energy expenditure for its production and release.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the secretory structures in the flowers of Rosa rugosa Thunb.

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Rosa Rugosa ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Anatomical Characters

<p>Due to the presence of secondary metabolites exhibiting pharmacological activity, the flowers of <em>Rosa rugosa</em> Thunb. have found application in traditional and folk medicine. The essential oil obtained from them is also considered to be a phytoncide. The morphological and anatomical characters of glandular trichomes located on the sepals of <em>R. rugosa </em>were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Using histochemical tests, the type of secretion produced in the trichomes was determined and its contents were compared with the secretion produced by the papillae on the petals.</p><p>It was found that multicellular glandular trichomes, having the features of colleters, and non-glandular trichomes were located on the abaxial epidermis, while only non-glandular trichomes were situated on the adaxial epidermis. The stalk cells of the glandular trichomes are arranged in multiple rows, whereas the epidermal cells of the head are arranged radially. The capitate trichomes were classified into two types: short and long trichomes. The largest density of glandular trichomes was recorded in the basal abaxial epidermis and in the middle part of the sepals. During the initial stages of bud development, the glandular hairs were green colored, whereas in the next development stages they changed the color to red. The histochemical tests used allowed us to find that the trichomes on the sepals and the papille on the petals produced lipid substances, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Sesquiterpenes were found only in the secretion of the glandular hairs on the sepals.</p>

scholarly journals Structure and distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes on above-ground organs in Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Apical Cells ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Subcuticular Space

Micromorphology and distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes on the above-ground organs of <em>Inula helenium </em>L. were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two types of biseriate glandular trichomes, i.e. sessile and stalk hairs, and non-glandular trichomes were recorded. Sessile glandular trichomes were found on all examined <em>I. helenium </em>organs (with their highest density on the abaxial surface of leaves and disk florets, and on stems), whereas stalk glandular trichomes were found on leaves and stems. Sessile trichomes were characterised by a slightly lower height (58–103 μm) and width (32–35 μm) than the stalk trichomes (62–111 μm x 31–36 μm). Glandular hairs were composed of 5–7 (sessile trichomes) or 6–9 (stalk trichomes) cell tiers. Apical trichome cell tiers exhibited features of secretory cells. Secretion was accumulated in subcuticular space, which expanded and ruptured at the top, and released its content. Histochemical assays showed the presence of lipids and polyphenols, whereas no starch was detected. Non-glandular trichomes were seen on involucral bracts, leaves and stems (more frequently on involucral bracts). Their structure comprised 2–9 cells; basal cells (1–6) were smaller and linearly arranged, while apical cells had a prozenchymatous shape. The apical cell was the longest and sharply pointed. Applied histochemical tests revealed orange-red (presence of lipids) and brow colour (presence of polyphenols) in the apical cells of the trichomes. This may suggest that beside their protective role, the trichomes may participate in secretion of secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Morphology, distribution, and histochemistry of trichomes of Thymus lykae Degen & Jav. (Lamiaceae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Marin ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
P.D. Marin ◽  
Sonja Duletic-Lausevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Scanning Electron

Micromorphology, distribution, and histochemistry of the trichomes of Thymus lykae were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and confocal laser scanning electron microscopy (CLSM). The leaves, stem, and calyx bear numerous glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Two types of glandular trichomes are identified - peltate and capitate. Results of histochemical tests showed positive reactions to polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Yellow autofluorescence of secreted material was noticed in peltate and capitate trichomes. Strong reddish-yellow autofluorescence of the lipophilic and hydrophilic secreted material was observed with CLSM.

scholarly journals What are the "sticky rings" on stems of Anulocaulis and related taxa (Nyctaginaceae) from arid regions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-485
Author(s):  
Israel Lopes da Cunha Neto ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy ◽  
Norman A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Cytoplasmic Content ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
First Time

Anulocaulis, commonly known as “ringstem,” is a small, unusual genus restricted to the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and Mojave deserts of North America. Here we combined light microscopy and histochemical tests to characterize for the first time the “sticky structures” (here called secretory rings) found on the stem internodes of Anulocaulis. The secretory rings were shown to be groups of epidermal cells, or unicellular glandular trichomes, which largely differ from their neighboring cells both in structure and histochemistry. The cells start to differentiate in early stages of stem development. They begin as regular epidermal cells, but later their anticlinal and external tangential walls start to enlarge. At maturity the cells become remarkably elongated, even balloon-like, with dense cytoplasmic content. Although the secretory rings have been reported as “mucilaginous structures” based on morphological observations, preliminary histochemical analyses showed that its exudate is complex, including a mixture of mucilage, proteins, and phenolic compounds. Future investigations are needed to compare the anatomy of the secretory rings within related genera of Nyctaginaceae and characterize the chemical components of their exudate more specifically to search for potential homologies and adaptive functions of these structures.

scholarly journals More than Scales: Evidence for the Production and Exudation of Mucilage by the Peltate Trichomes of Tillandsia cyanea (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Igor Ballego-Campos ◽  
Rafaela C. Forzza ◽  
Elder A. S. Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
First Record ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Mucilage Secretion

Bromeliad scales have been investigated extensively due to their recognition as a key ecological and evolutionary feature of Bromeliaceae. However, much remains unknown about such trichomes and only recently mucilage exudation was described for them in a species of the subfamily Bromelioideae. The present study aimed to investigate the secretion present in inflorescences of Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch (Tillandsioideae) to determine whether the scales of this species also produce and release secretions. Samples of young and mature portions of inflorescences were collected and prepared according to standard methods for light and electron microscopy. Anatomical and ultrastructural results indicate that the secretion is produced by the wing portion of typical peltate trichomes on the adaxial surface of bracts. The secretory activity begins in the early stages of trichome expansion and characteristically occurs in cells exhibiting a porous cuticle and dense cytoplasm with numerous mitochondria and dictyosomes. Histochemical tests confirmed mucilage secretion and revealed proteins in the exudate. These data comprise the first record of mucilage exudation by trichomes within Tillandsioideae and indicate that this capacity may be more relevant to bromeliad biology than previously considered. Functional aspects and colleter-like activity are also discussed.

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