Gibberellic Acid Modifies the Transcript Abundance of ABA Pathway Orthologs and Modulates Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Fruit Ripening in Early- and Mid-Season Varieties

Several phytohormones modulate ripening in non-climacteric fruits, which is triggered by abscisic acid (ABA). Gibberellins (GAs) are present during the onset of ripening in sweet cherry fruits, and exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) application delays ripening, though this effect is variety-dependent. Although an ABA accumulation delay has been reported following GA3 treatment, the mechanism by which GA modulates this process has not been investigated at the molecular level in sweet cherry. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the effect of GA3 on the fruit ripening process and the transcript levels of ABA pathway orthologs in two varieties having different maturity time phenotypes. The early-season variety had a rapid transition from yellow to pink fruit color, whereas pink color initiation took longer in the mid-season variety. GA3 increased the proportion of lighter colored fruits at ripeness in both varieties, but it produced a delay in IAD—a ripening index—only in the mid-season variety. This delay was accompanied by an increased transcript abundance of PavPP2Cs, which are putative negative regulators of the ABA pathway. On the other hand, the early-season variety had increased expression of PavCYP707A2—a putative ABA catabolic gene–, and reduced transcript levels of PavPP2Cs and SnRK2s after the GA3 treatment. Together these results show that GA modulates fruit ripening, exerting its action in part by interacting with the ABA pathway in sweet cherry.

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RNAseq reveals different transcriptomic responses to GA3 in early and midseason varieties before ripening initiation in sweet cherry fruits

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92080-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nathalie Kuhn ◽

Jonathan Maldonado ◽

Claudio Ponce ◽

Macarena Arellano ◽

Alson Time ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Gene Expression Regulation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Early Season ◽

Climacteric Fruit ◽

Color Evolution ◽

Transcriptomic Responses ◽

Ripening Index

AbstractGibberellin (GA) negatively affects color evolution and other ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits. The bioactive GA, gibberellic acid (GA3), is commonly applied at the light green-to-straw yellow transition to increase firmness and delay ripening in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), though causing different effects depending on the variety. Recently, we reported that GA3 delayed the IAD parameter (a ripening index) in a mid-season variety, whereas GA3 did not delay IAD but reduced it at ripeness in an early-season variety. To further explore this contrasting behavior between varieties, we analyzed the transcriptomic responses to GA3 applied on two sweet cherry varieties with different maturity time phenotypes. At harvest, GA3 produced fruits with less color in both varieties. Similar to our previous report, GA3 delayed fruit color initiation and IAD only in the mid-season variety and reduced IAD at harvest only in the early-season variety. RNA-seq analysis of control- and GA3-treated fruits revealed that ripening-related categories were overrepresented in the early-season variety, including ‘photosynthesis’ and ‘auxin response’. GA3 also changed the expression of carotenoid and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes in this variety. In contrast, overrepresented categories in the mid-season variety were mainly related to metabolic processes. In this variety, some PP2Cs putative genes were positively regulated by GA3, which are negative regulators of ABA responses, and MYB44-like genes (putative repressors of PP2Cs expression) were downregulated. These results show that GA3 differentially modulates the transcriptome at the onset of ripening in a variety-dependent manner and suggest that GA3 impairs ripening through the modification of ripening associated gene expression only in the early-season variety; whereas in the mid-season variety, control of the ripening timing may occur through the PP2C gene expression regulation. This work contributes to the understanding of the role of GA in non-climacteric fruit ripening.

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RNA-seq analysis reveals different transcriptomic responses to GA3 in early- and mid-season varieties before ripening initiation in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits

10.21203/rs.3.rs-189281/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nathalie Kuhn ◽

Jonathan Maldonado ◽

Claudio Ponce ◽

Macarena Arellano ◽

Alson Time ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Gene Expression Regulation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Early Season ◽

Climacteric Fruit ◽

Transcriptomic Responses ◽

Ripening Index

Abstract Gibberellin (GA) negatively affects color evolution and other ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits. The bioactive GA, gibberellic acid (GA3), is commonly applied at the light green-to-straw yellow transition to increase firmness and delay ripening in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), though causing different effects depending on the variety. Recently, we reported that GA3 delayed the IAD parameter (a ripening index) in a mid-season variety, whereas GA3 did not delay IAD but reduced it at ripeness in an early-season variety. To further explore this contrasting behavior between varieties, we analyzed the transcriptomic responses to GA3 applied on two sweet cherry varieties with different maturity time phenotypes. At harvest, GA3 produced fruits with less color in both varieties. Similar to our previous report, GA3 delayed fruit color initiation and IAD only in the mid-season variety, and reduced IAD at harvest only in the early-season variety. RNA-seq analysis of control- and GA3-treated fruits of both varieties revealed that ripening related categories were overrepresented in the early-season variety, including 'photosynthesis' and 'auxin response.' GA3 also changed the expression of carotenoid and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes in this variety. In contrast, overrepresented categories in the mid-season variety were related mainly to metabolic processes. In this variety, some PP2Cs putative genes were positively regulated by GA3, which are negative regulators of ABA responses. This was accompanied with downregulation of MYB44-like genes, putative repressors of PP2Cs expression. These results show that GA3 differentially modulates the transcriptome at the onset of ripening in a variety-dependent manner and suggest that GA3 impairs ripening through the modification of ripening associated gene expression only in the early-season variety; whereas in the mid-season variety, possibly a control of the ripening timing occurs through the PP2C gene expression regulation. This work contributes to the understanding of the role of GA in non-climacteric fruit ripening.

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Genetic Diversity of Some Sweet Cherry Cultivars Based on Molecular Markers

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12405 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Ioana Virginia Berindean ◽

Elena Tămaş ◽

Oana Maria Toderic ◽

Ioan Zagrai

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

High Level ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), originated around the Caspian and Black Sea, is an important fruit tree species of economic interest, and hence, breeding and conservation are requested (. Genetic analysis at the molecular level can be used effectively to study molecular polymorphism existing between intraspecific and interspecific tree species and phylogenetic relationships between them and their hybrids. The purpose of this study was to characterize and determine genetic relationships among the sweet cherry native genotypes belonging to Fruit Research & Development Station Bistrita, Romania, using RAPD markers. To eliminate the existence of possible synonyms from national romanian collection, we collect four Van cultivars, from four different national collection. For molecular analysis of the 16 varieties of sweet cherry were considered 13 RAPD primers selected from the literature. They were later used to determine the genetic variability at the molecular level using PAST program, and the dendrogram was generated based on Jaccard’s genetic distance. The dendrogram constructed by PAST software. The quantity and quality of the DNA obtained was suitable to achieve PCR amplification step. Only seven out of the 13 RAPD primers have generate polymorphic bands. The rest of seven were monomorphics. The most polymorphic primer was OPB10 which generated 11 bands from which 100% were polymorphic.Seven RAPD primers generated a high level of polymorphism which allowed to divide these cherry varieties into two groups according to their genetic geographical origin and the pedigree.

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Effects of Preharvest Gibberellic Acid Applications on Fruit Quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ Sweet Cherry

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.19.1.127 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 127-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fatih A. Canli ◽

Hikmet Orhan

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Pedicel Length ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Solids Content ◽

Optimum Application

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) applications on fruit quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium), a low cropping and a large-fruited variety. ‘0900 Ziraat’ trees were sprayed with 0, 15, 20, and 25 ppm GA3, when the fruit were at their straw-yellow color stage. Fruit quality was evaluated at harvest in terms of size, firmness, pedicel length, and soluble solids content (SSC) to determine the optimum application. Fruit treated with GA3 were significantly larger and firmer than the controls. There were no differences in fruit firmness within the different levels of GA3 treatment; however, fruit treated with 20 and 25 ppm GA3 were significantly larger than the fruit treated with 15 ppm GA3. Trees treated with the optimum concentration of GA3 (25 ppm) in two different locations yielded fruit with 13.4% and 14.1% greater weight and 38% and 25% higher firmness. GA3 treatments did not affect pedicel length. The effect of GA3 application on SSC was complex; there was a significant interaction between GA3 and location. Being firmer than the controls, the GA3-treated fruit could be harvested at a later date than the controls.

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EFFECT OF PRE- AND POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS OF SALICYLIC AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON RIPENING AND SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 'MASHHAD' SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) FRUIT

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2010.884.30 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 257-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Gholami ◽

A. Sedighi ◽

A. Ershadi ◽

H. Sarikhani

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Postharvest Treatments ◽

Prunus Avium L

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Sweet Cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i> L.) Fruit Drop Reduction by Plant Growth Regulators (Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA and Gibberellic Acid GA<sub>3</sub>)

American Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.4236/ajps.2021.129094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (09) ◽

pp. 1338-1346

Author(s):

Ammar Askarieh ◽

Sawsan Suleiman ◽

Mahasen Tawakalna

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Fruit Drop

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Aroma Compounds Are Responsible for an Herbaceous Off-Flavor in the Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. Regina during Fruit Development

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11102020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2020

Author(s):

Juan D. Villavicencio ◽

Juan P. Zoffoli ◽

Anne Plotto ◽

Carolina Contreras

Keyword(s):

Fruit Ripening ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Prunus Avium L

An herbaceous/grassy-like flavor has been reported by Chilean producers of Regina sweet cherry. There are no previous academic reports related to this flavor occurrence. Sweet cherries from five phenological stages were collected from six orchards with high herbaceous flavor incidence spanning Chilean production zones during the 2019/2020 season. Four experienced panelists tasted the fruit to identify the off-flavor incidence and intensity from four phenological stages, and the same cherries were analyzed for volatile compounds. Thirty-nine volatiles were identified and semi-quantified using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. The highest off-flavor incidence was found at the bright red (stage 3) and mahogany colors (stage 4). No single volatile explained the herbaceous flavor consistently among orchards. However, it appeared that the off-flavor was related to delayed ripening in cherries, with more C6 aldehydes and less esters. Furthermore, rainfall and the elevation of the orchard had a significant effect on the incidence of off-flavor. Preharvest practices that promote fruit ripening along with avoiding early harvests are recommended to reduce the incidence of herbaceous flavor in Regina.

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