scholarly journals Investigation of the Structure-Property Effect of Phosphorus-Containing Polysulfone on Decomposition and Flame Retardant Epoxy Resin Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yongxiang Li ◽  
Qiushi Li ◽  
Yiliang Wang ◽  
Gong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The flame retardant modification of epoxy (EP) is of great signification for aerospace, automotive, marine, and energy industries. In this study, a series of EP composites containing different variations of phosphorus-containing polysulfone (with a phosphorus content of approximately 1.25 wt %) were obtained. The obtained EP/polysulfone composites had a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and high flame retardancy. The influence of phosphorus-containing compounds (ArPN2, ArPO2, ArOPN2 and ArOPO2) on the thermal properties and flame retardancy of EP/polysulfone composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter tests. The phosphorus-containing polysulfone enhanced the thermal stability of EP. The more stable porous char layer, less flammable gases, and a lower apparent activation energy at a high degree of conversion demonstrated the high gas inhibition effect of phosphorus-containing compounds. Moreover, the gas inhibition effect of polysulfone with a P–C bond was more efficient than the polysulfone with a P–O–C bond. The potential for optimizing flame retardancy while maintaining a high Tg is highlighted in this study. The flame-retardant EP/polysulfone composites with high thermal stability broaden the application field of epoxy.

Synthesis, Characterization and Flame Retardancy of Two Novels Amino Phosphate

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Da Ming Ban ◽  
Yang Min ◽  
Yong Hang Zhang ◽  
Ou Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Two phosphorus-containing flame retardant (FR) were synthesized and incorporated in the backbone of polyamide 6(PA6) by polymerization. The structure and spectroscopic data of these flame retardant were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Elemental analysis. Flame-retardancy and thermal property of PA6 modified with CEP, and MMP were examined by LOI and TGA. The LOI value of PA6 shows ascending trend by adding FRs, and it rise from 24 to 31%. TGA data revealed that FR improves thermal stability of PA6. The on-set temperature was added at least 20°C.

Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of a Novel Transparent Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Based Copolymer

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Sai Hua Jiang ◽  
Siu Ming Lo ◽  
Yuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Char Formation ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

A novel poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based copolymer was synthesized by bulk copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a phosphorus-containing monomer, acryloxyethyl phenoxy phosphorodiethyl amidate (AEPPA). The chemical structure of AEPPA was confirmed by FTIR,1H NMR and31P NMR. The structure of copolymers was characterized using FTIR. TGA results indicate that the thermal stability of copolymers was remarkably enhanced with the addition of APEEA. LOI and MCC results suggest that the flame retardancy of copolymers was also improved. Detailed flame-retardant mechanism is proposed. The char formation during degradation caused by APEEA plays a key role in the property improvements.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Novel Phosphorous-Nitrogen Based Charring Agent and Its Application in Flame-retardant HDPE/IFR Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlei Chen ◽  
Jihui Wang ◽  
Aiqing Ni ◽  
Hongda Chen ◽  
Penglong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Charring Agent ◽  
Migration Percentage ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this work, a novel phosphorous–nitrogen based charring agent named poly(1,3-diaminopropane-1,3,5-triazine-o-bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate) (PDTBP) was synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed that PDTBP was successfully synthesized. Compared with the traditional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system contained APP and pentaerythritol (PER), the novel IFR system (APP/PDTBP, weight ratio of 2:1) could significantly promote the flame retardancy, water resistance, and thermal stability of HDPE. The HDPE/APP/PDTBP composites (PE3) could achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating with LOI value of 30.8%, and had a lower migration percentage (2.2%). However, the HDPE/APP/PER composites (PE5) had the highest migration percentage (4.7%), lower LOI value of 23.9%, and could only achieve a UL-94 V-1 rating. Besides, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and fire hazard value of PE3 were markedly decreased compared to PE5. PE3 had higher tensile strength and flexural strength of 16.27 ± 0.42 MPa and 32.03 ± 0.59 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the possible flame-retardant mechanism of the APP/PDTBP IFR system indicated that compact and continuous intumescent char layer would be formed during burning, thus inhibiting the degradation of substrate material and improving the thermal stability of HDPE.

Preparation of lignin–silica hybrids and its application in intumescent flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) system

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xifu Xiao ◽  
Qilong Tai ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Silica Hybrids ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Lignin–silica hybrids (LSHs) were prepared by sol–gel method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LSH and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were added into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a novel intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system to improve the flame retardancy of PLA. The flame-retardant effect of APP and LSH in PLA was studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) tests and cone calorimeter. The thermal stability of PLA/APP/LSH composites was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, the morphology and components of char residues of the IFR-PLA composites were investigated by SEM and XPS. With the addition of APP/LSH to PLA system, the morphology of the char residue has obviously changed. Compared with PLA/APP and PLA/APP/lignin, a continuous and dense intumescent charring layer with more phosphor in PLA composites is formed, which exhibits better flame retardancy. All the results show that the combination of APP and LSH can improve the flame-retardant property and increase the thermal stability of PLA composites greatly.

Synthesis and characterization of a phosphorus-containing flame retardant with double bonds and its application in bismaleimide resins

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (123) ◽  
pp. 101480-101486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Hongxia Yan ◽  
Shuyao Feng ◽  
Song Niu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Bismaleimide Resin ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Bismaleimide Resins

A novel reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant was synthesized and used to modify bismaleimide resin. According to investigations, the modified bismaleimide resin has good mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy.

Synthesis and Flame Retardant Properties of Melamine Modified EH Lignin

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Lin Fu ◽  
Xian Su Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

A novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR), melamine modified enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (MEHL), was synthesized and well characterized by FTIR and TGA. The results showed that the decompose temperature of MEHL is much higher than that of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL). In order to improve flame retardancy and dripping resistance of EPDM, MEHL and microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) were added into EPDM as IFR system. The flame ability and thermal stability of IFR and EPDM composites were investigated by UL-94 vertical burning test and LOI measurements. The results indicated that FV-0 was reached and the LOI value was 35 when per hundred rubber (phr) together with 12 phr MRP and 50 phr EHLM were added. SEM photos showed that the char residue was continuous, and a barrier between flame and rubber was formed, while there were also small holes in its surfaces. On all accounts, EHL used as a carbonization agent instead of petroleum chemicals, such as pentaerythritol, was more environmental friendly and beneficial to economy.

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