scholarly journals Facile Fabric Detoxification Treatment Method Using Microwave and Polyethyleneimine Against Nerve Gas Agents

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Woong Kwon ◽  
Changkyu Kim ◽  
Jiyun Kim ◽  
Jongwon Kim ◽  
Euigyung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Microwave Curing ◽  
Polypropylene Fabric ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Nerve Gas ◽  
Nerve Gas Agents

Generally, detoxification fabrics are defined as fabrics that remove or inhibit the production of toxic compounds, especially chemical warfare agents such as nerve gas agents. They are usually prepared using a complicated and time-consuming method. This study suggests a facile treatment method for preparing detoxification fabrics against nerve gas agents using polyethyleneimine and microwave curing. The detoxification properties of polyethyleneimine and microwave-treated polypropylene nonwoven fabric were evaluated using diisopropylfluoro-phosphate, which is a nerve agent simulant. The treated polypropylene fabric decontaminated 53.6% of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in 2 h at 32 °C, and the half-life of DFP on the surface of the treated fabric was 122 min. The result indicates that the treated fabric can act as a basic organocatalyst for the DFP hydrolysis and has a shorter half-life owing to the large number of amine groups. Therefore, the facile treatment method has the potential for use in the preparation of detoxification fabrics.

scholarly journals Toward a detoxification fabric against nerve gas agents: guanidine-functionalized poly[2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline]/Nylon-6,6 nanofibers

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 15246-15254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Bin Ying ◽  
Sohee Kim ◽  
Min Woo Lee ◽  
Na Yeong Go ◽  
Hyunsook Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Nylon 6,6 ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Gas ◽  
Nerve Gas Agents

A novel guanidine-functionalized polymer, poly[2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline] (PBuOxz), has been co-electrospun with Nylon-6,6 to form fibers that could be used for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs).

scholarly journals Detoxification Properties of Guanidinylated Chitosan Against Chemical Warfare Agents and Its Application to Military Protective Clothing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Kwon ◽  
Euigyung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
First Time

This study investigates the detoxification properties of guanidinylated chitosan against chemical warfare agents and its application to the preparation of military protective clothing. Guanidinylated chitosan was synthesized by chitosan guanidinylation with cyanamide. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan were then evaluated using a chemical warfare agent simulant, called diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Cotton fabric was treated with 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan in acetic acid and water solution using the simple and conventional textile treatment method of pad–dry–cure. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric were evaluated to investigate the application of guanidinylated chitosan to the preparation of military protective clothing. Subsequently, 71.3% of DFP was hydrolyzed to non-hazardous diisopropylhydrogenphosphate (DHP) in 2 h because of the base organocatalytic activity of 0.02 g guanidinylated chitosan itself. Moreover, 60.1% of DFP was hydrolyzed by the catalytic activity of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric, which contained only 0.0002 g of guanidinylated chitosan. This result shows that the guanidinylated chitosan itself has detoxification properties for hydrolyzing DFP to DHP, and its detoxification properties can be more efficient when applied to cotton fabric because it showed 84.3% of the detoxification properties with only 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan. For the first time, this study shows that guanidinylated chitosan has considerable detoxification properties and can be used as an agent to prepare protective clothing.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of UiO-66-NH2 and Its Catalytic Performance toward the Hydrolysis of a Nerve Agent Simulant

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenghui Zhang ◽  
Cheng-An Tao ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Zr-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit a good performance of catalyzing the hydrolysis of chemical warfare agents, which is closely related to the size of MOF particles and its defects, but these two factors are often intertwined. In this article, we synthesized UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. By using a new modulator 4-Fluoro-3-Formyl-Benzoic Acid (FFBA) in different proportions, MOF particles with the same defect degree but different scales and those with similar sizes but different defect degrees can be obtained. The performance of the obtained MOF particles to catalyze the hydrolysis of the nerve agent simulant, dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP), was investigated, and the effects of single factors of size or defect were compared for the first time. As the size of the obtained MOF particles increased from 81 nm to 159 nm, the catalytic degradation efficiency toward DMNP gradually decreased, and the half-life increased from 3.9 min to 11.1 min. For MOFs that have similar crystal sizes, the catalytic degradation half-life of MOF3 is only 5 min, which is much smaller than that of MOF5 due to the defects increase from 1.2 to 1.8 per Zr6 cluster.

Reactive Fibrous Materials for Decontamination of Chemical and Biological Threats

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Lev Bromberg ◽  
Xiao Su ◽  
Vladimir Martis ◽  
T. Alan Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Polyamines are water-soluble polyelectrolytes with the amino groups that can be used to attach the polymers onto functional surfaces of fibrous materials. In addition, polyamines can be readily modified by (super) nucleophilic groups such as (alkyl) aminopyridines that enhance the polymer’s ability to promote hydrolysis of organophosphorous chemical warfare agents. Furthermore, attachment of hydantoin moieties augments the number of the imide, amide, or amine groups on the polyamine’s chain, which provides oxidizing properties to the resulting modified polyamine after halogenation. We report on polyamines with side chains modified to contain both (4-aminopyridine, APy) and 5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene) hydantoin (HBH) functionalities with enhanced content of the active bromine. Virucidal activity of the APy-and HBH-modified polyallylamine against human coronavirus (type 229E) was tested both in solution and on nylon-cotton fabric. The polymers appeared to be effective in inactivation of the coronavirus, at both low concentrations and short exposure times.

NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES IN CHILDREN AND DIPHENYLARSINIC ACID PROBABLY DERIVED FROM CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwasaki ◽  
S Miyamoto ◽  
K Ishii ◽  
T Takeda ◽  
T Ohto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Neurological Features

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Andriyanova ◽  
Aslanli Aslanli ◽  
Nataliya Basova ◽  
Viktor Bykov ◽  
Sergey Varfolomeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physicochemical Biology ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
State Of Research

The collective monograph is devoted to discussing the history of creation, studying the properties, neutralizing and using organophosphorus neurotoxins, which include chemical warfare agents, agricultural crop protection chemical agents (herbicides and insecticides) and medicines. The monograph summarizes the results of current scientific research and new prospects for the development of this field of knowledge in the 21st century, including the use of modern physicochemical methods for experimental study and theoretical analysis of biocatalysis and its mechanisms based on molecular modeling with supercomputer power. The book is intended for specialists who are interested in the current state of research in the field of organophosphorus neurotoxins. The monograph will be useful for students, graduate students, researchers specializing in the field of physical chemistry, physicochemical biology, chemical enzymology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, biotechnology, nanotechnology and biomedicine.

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