scholarly journals Engineering of Doxorubicin-Encapsulating and TRAIL-Conjugated Poly(RGD) Proteinoid Nanocapsules for Drug Delivery Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2996
Author(s):  
Elad Hadad ◽  
Safra Rudnick-Glick ◽  
Ella Itzhaki ◽  
Matan Y. Avivi ◽  
Igor Grinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Enzyme Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Step Growth Polymerization ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Proteinoids are non-toxic biodegradable polymers prepared by thermal step-growth polymerization of amino acids. Here, P(RGD) proteinoids and proteinoid nanocapsules (NCs) based on D-arginine, glycine, and L-aspartic acid were synthesized and characterized for targeted tumor therapy. Doxorubicin (Dox), a chemotherapeutic drug used for treatment of a wide range of cancers, known for its adverse side effects, was encapsulated during self-assembly to form Dox/P(RGD) NCs. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which can initiate apoptosis in most tumor cells but undergoes fast enzyme degradation, was stabilized by covalent conjugation to hollow P(RGD) NCs. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugation was also studied. Cytotoxicity tests on CAOV-3 ovarian cancer cells demonstrated that Dox/P(RGD) and TRAIL-P(RGD) NCs were as effective as free Dox and TRAIL with cell viability of 2% and 10%, respectively, while PEGylated NCs were less effective. Drug-bearing P(RGD) NCs offer controlled release with reduced side effects for improved therapy.

Designing Soft Reactive Adhesives by Controlling Polymer Chemistry

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Aymonier ◽  
Eric Papon
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Structural Adhesives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Visible Irradiation ◽  
Step Growth Polymerization ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Activation Heat

AbstractSoft reactive adhesives (SRAs) are polymer-based materials (e.g., polyurethanes, polysiloxanes, polydienes) designed to be further vulcanized or slightly cross-linked through external activation (heat, moisture, oxygen, UV–visible irradiation, etc.), either at the time of their application or within a subsequent predefined period. They are used mainly as mastics, or sealing compounds, in a wide range of industrial and commercial fields such as construction, footwear, and the automotive industry. Generally deposited as thick films, SRAs behave as structural adhesives; their low elastic moduli accommodate large strains between the bonded parts without incurring permanent damage. Other outstanding attributes of SRAs are their resistance to solvents, their ability to withstand aggressive environments, and their ease of use. This article discusses examples of SRAs and, more specifically, shows how the cross-linking chemistry, mainly through step-growth polymerization, provides their primary advantages.

Polymer characterization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Hosier ◽  
Alun S. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Step Growth Polymerization ◽  
Increasing Demand

Polymer science is, of course, driven by the desire to produce new materials for new applications. The success of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene is such that these materials are manufactured on a huge scale and are indeed ubiquitous. There is still a massive drive to understand these materials and improve their properties in order to meet material requirements; however, increasingly polymers are being applied to a wide range of problems, and certainly in terms of developing new materials there is much more emphasis on control. Such control can be control of molecular weight, for example, the production of polymers with a highly narrow molecular weight distribution by anionic polymerization. The control of polymer architecture extends from block copolymers to other novel architectures such as ladder polymers and dendrimers. Cyclic systems can also be prepared, usually these are lower molecular weight systems, although these also might be expected to be the natural consequence of step-growth polymerization at high conversion. Polymers are used in a wide range of applications, as coatings, as adhesives, as engineering and structural materials, for packaging, and for clothing to name a few. A key feature of the success and versatility of these materials is that it is possible to build in properties by careful design of the (largely) organic molecules from which the chains are built up. For example, rigid aromatic molecules can be used to make high-strength fibres, the most highprofile example of this being Kevlar®; rigid molecules of this type are often made by simple step-growth polymerization and offer particular synthetic challenges as outlined in Chapter 4. There is now an increasing demand for highly specialized materials for use in for example optical and electronic applications and polymers have been singled out as having particular potential in this regard. For example, there is considerable interest in the development of polymers with targeted optical properties such as second-order optical nonlinearity, and in conducting polymers as electrode materials, as a route towards supercapacitors and as electroluminescent materials. Polymeric materials can also be used as an electrolyte in the design of compact batteries.

scholarly journals Supramolecular self-assembly of a polyelectrolyte chain based on step-growth polymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (83) ◽  
pp. 52832-52840
Author(s):  
Li Sun ◽  
Shang Ma ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Yongmei Chi ◽  
Jian Dong
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Chain ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Step Growth Polymerization ◽  
Hydrophilic Monomers

Polymerization of citric acid and hexamethylene diisocyanate and hydrolysis results in a polyelectrolyte PHMC. Noncovalent cross-linking of cooperative H-bonding units stabilizes the self-assembly of the PHMC chains into nanoparticles in water.

Polymerization-like kinetics of the self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles into supracolloidal polymers

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 16873-16880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Ma ◽  
Yaru Zhou ◽  
Liangshun Zhang ◽  
Jiaping Lin ◽  
Xiaohui Tian
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Colloidal Nanoparticles ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Step Growth Polymerization ◽  
Kinetics Of

Unlike the polymerization kinetics of molecular systems, the growth of supracolloidal polymers obeys diffusion-controlled step-growth polymerization kinetics with a variable rate coefficient.

scholarly journals Designed proteinoid polymers and nanoparticles encapsulating risperidone for enhanced antipsychotic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lugasi ◽  
I. Grinberg ◽  
S. Rudnick-Glick ◽  
E. Okun ◽  
H. Einat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Antipsychotic Activity ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Step Growth Polymerization ◽  
Drug Efficiency ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Medication

Abstract Background Nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating drug formulations can be used to facilitate passage through biological barriers including the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and increase drug delivery and bioavailability. Hence, NP-based administration may enhance the efficiency of current antipsychotics. Encapsulation within NPs can resolve aqueous solubility problems that not only reduce permeability through the BBB but also affect targeting. The present study describes a new drug delivery system based on proteinoid NPs to explore the possibility of improving drug efficacy. Risperidone (RSP) is a commonly used atypical antipsychotic medication, and was therefore selected for encapsulation by proteinoid NPs. Results Proteinoid polymers with high molecular weight and low polydispersity were synthesized from l-amino acids and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) by thermal step-growth polymerization mechanism. RSP-loaded proteinoid NPs were then prepared using a self-assembly process in the presence of RSP, followed by PEGylation. The optimal PEGylated RSP-loaded NPs were characterized in terms of diameter and size distribution, drug loading, ζ-potential, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and psychopharmacological effects. The findings indicate significantly higher antipsychotic activity of drug-loaded proteinoid NPs compared to free RSP. Conclusions Proteinoid NPs enhance RSP delivery and may potentially increase drug efficiency by reducing dosage and side effects.

Factors Affecting Molecular Self-Assembly and Its Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueyling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range

Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has emerged as a new approach to produce new materials in chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, polymer science and materials. Molecular self-assembly has been attracting increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years due to its importance in understanding biology and a variety of diseases at the molecular level. In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in the use ofpeptides as building blocks to produce biological materials for wide range of applications, including fabricating novel supra-molecular structures and scaffolding for tissue repair. The study ofbiological self-assembly systems represents a significant advancement in molecular engineering and is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field that crosses the boundaries ofexisting disciplines. Many self-assembling systems are rangefrom bi- andtri-block copolymers to DNA structures as well as simple and complex proteins andpeptides. The ultimate goal is to harness molecular self-assembly such that design andcontrol ofbottom-up processes is achieved thereby enabling exploitation of structures developed at the meso- and macro-scopic scale for the purposes oflife and non-life science applications. Such aspirations can be achievedthrough understanding thefundamental principles behind the selforganisation and self-synthesis processes exhibited by biological systems.

Carboxymethyl-hexanoyl Chitosan Nanodroplets for Ultrasonic Imaging and Drug Delivery to Tumor

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 1682-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jinsui ◽  
Situ Bing ◽  
Luo Muhua ◽  
Li Yue ◽  
Liao Jianyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Mechanical Index ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Hexanoyl Chitosan

Introduction: Although a great many strategies have been proposed for tumor-targeted chemotherapy, current delivery methods of anticancer drugs present limited success with inevitable systemic toxicity. The aim of this study was to develop a new kind of theranostic carrier for targeted tumor therapy. Methods: Prior to prepare CHC-PFP-DOX, carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (CHC) was synthesized by acylation of carboxymethyl chitosan. To develop CHC-PFP, perfluoropentane (PFP), an ultrasound gas precursor, was simultaneously encapsulated into the hydrophobic inner cores of pre-formulated CHC micelle in aqueous phase via using the oil in water (O/W) emulsion method. The size distribution and surface charges of these nanodroplets were measured and the morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For ultrasound imaging application, in vitro model was established to evaluate the imaging of CHC-PFP-DOX under different concentration and mechanical index. After that, the anti-tumor effect of ultrasound combined with CHC-PFPDOX on ovarian cancer cells was investigated. Results: The resulting CHC-PFP-DOX had a nano-sized particle structure, with hydrophobic anticancer DOX/PFP inner cores and a hydrophilic carboxymethyl chitosan polymer outer shell. The favorable nano-scaled size offers the potential to extravagate from veins and accumulate in tumor tissues via enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Additionally, CHC-PFP-DOX showed the ability to serve as ultrasound imaging agent at body temperature. Notably, it exhibited an ultrasound-triggered drug release profile through the external ultrasound irradiation. Further study demonstrated that ultrasound combined with CHC-PFP-DOX can improve the killing effect of chemotherapy for tumor. Conclusion: CHC-PFP-DOX holds great promise in simultaneous cancer-targeting ultrasound imaging and ultrasound- mediated delivery for cancer chemotherapy.

A Brief Review on the Development of Novel Potentially Active Azetidin-2-ones Against Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia S. da Silveira Pinto ◽  
Thatyana R. Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
Claudia Regina B. Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinícius N. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) and its derivatives are an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant. Efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. The present review aimed to highlight some recent discoveries (2013-2019) on the development of novel azetidin-2-one-based compounds as potential anticancer agents.

Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
D.K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document