scholarly journals Incorporation of In Situ Synthesized Nano-Copper Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Chinese Fir: A Preliminary Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Cuiyin Ye ◽  
Yanhui Huang ◽  
Xianmiao Liu ◽  
Benhua Fei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
The Impact

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, modified using nano-copper with varying contents (0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%), was manufactured to improve the mechanical properties of Chinese fir. The morphology, chemical, micromechanical and micromechanical properties of the samples were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nanoindentation (NI) and traditional mechanical testing. The TEM and AFM results indicated that the in situ synthesized nano-copper particles were well-dispersed, and spherical, with a diameter of about 70 nm in PF resin. From the FTIR chemical changes detected by FTIR inferred that the nano-copper modified PF resin penetrated into the Chinese fir cell walls and interacted with the acetyl groups of hemicellulose by forming a crosslinked structure. Accordingly, the micro-mechanical properties of the Chinese fir cell walls were enhanced after treatment with nano-copper modified PF resin. The filling of the PF-1-Cu resin (1 wt% nano-copper) in the wood resulted in 13.7% and 22.2% increases in the elastic modulus (MOE) and hardness, respectively, of the cell walls. Besides, the impact toughness and compressive strength of the Chinese fir impregnated with PF-1-Cu resin were 21.8% and 8.2% higher than that of the PF-0-Cu resin. Therefore, in situ synthesized nano-copper-modified PF resin is a powerful treatment method for Chinese fir due to improved diffusive properties and reinforcement of the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Comparative Researcehs of the Properties of Laboratory Plywood and Some Industrial Manufactured Wood-Based Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Violeta T Jakimovska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the researches in the master thesis is studying the impact of the changes in plywood structure on their physical and mechanical properties. These changes are related to the change of the layer’s position in the panels’ structure along the axis of symmetry without changing the number and the thickness of the veneers. Four models of laboratory nine layered plywood were made for studying this impact. The evaluation of the models quality was made on the base of the obtained values from the tests of their physical and mechanical properties, as well as on the base of the comparative analyze of these values and the values obtained from the tested properties of comparative model of industrial manufactured plywood. The laboratory plywood models are made in controlled laboratory conditions by the method of hot dry pressing. Beech peeled veneers with thickness of 1,2; 1,5; 2,2 and 3,2 mm are used for plywood manufacturing. As gluing component for plywood manufacturing, pure water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin with concentration of 47,10 % is used. The models are preserved with phenol formaldehyde foil, which is impregnated in the surface layers during pressing. Four panels from each model are made, as well as two additional panels without surface phenol formaldehyde foil from the second model in order to perceive the differences in physical properties between preserved and non-preserved laboratory models.

scholarly journals Comparative Researcehs of the Properties of Laboratory Plywood and Some Industrial Manufactured Wood-Based Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Violeta T Jakimovska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the researches in the master thesis is studying the impact of the changes in plywood structure on their physical and mechanical properties. These changes are related to the change of the layer’s position in the panels’ structure along the axis of symmetry without changing the number and the thickness of the veneers. Four models of laboratory nine layered plywood were made for studying this impact. The evaluation of the models quality was made on the base of the obtained values from the tests of their physical and mechanical properties, as well as on the base of the comparative analyze of these values and the values obtained from the tested properties of comparative model of industrial manufactured plywood. The laboratory plywood models are made in controlled laboratory conditions by the method of hot dry pressing. Beech peeled veneers with thickness of 1,2; 1,5; 2,2 and 3,2 mm are used for plywood manufacturing. As gluing component for plywood manufacturing, pure water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin with concentration of 47,10 % is used. The models are preserved with phenol formaldehyde foil, which is impregnated in the surface layers during pressing. Four panels from each model are made, as well as two additional panels without surface phenol formaldehyde foil from the second model in order to perceive the differences in physical properties between preserved and non-preserved laboratory models.

In situ identification of the molecular-scale interactions of phenol-formaldehyde resin and wood cell walls using infrared nanospectroscopy

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (80) ◽  
pp. 76318-76324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhou Wang ◽  
Yuhe Deng ◽  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Kevin Kjoller ◽  
Anirban Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Molecular Scale

Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) measurement, and nanoindentation were combined to identify the interactions between wood cell wall and phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) on the nanoscale.

Novolak Type Phenol Formaldehyde Resin from Waste Brown-Rotted Wood

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 490-494
Author(s):  
Gai Yun Li ◽  
Te Fu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Thermal Property ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Liquefied Wood

The waste brown-rotted wood was liquefied in phenol with phosphoric acid as a catalyst and the resulting liquefied products were condensed with formaldehyde to yield novolak liquefied wood-based phenol formaldehyde resin (LWF). The results showed that brown-rotted wood could be almost completely liquefied within 0.5 h at phenol to wood (P/W) ratio 2. An increase in P/W ratio from 2 to 3 slightly improved the flow property of LWF, but accompanied by decreasing the product yield from approximately 140 to 120 %. The increase of liquefaction time from 30 min to 60 min did not have a significant influence on the resulting LWF. The thermofluidity of LWF were compared to that of the commercial novolak PF resin, and could be used to make moldings with similar thermal property and mechanical properties to those obtained from the conventional novolak PF resin.

scholarly journals Self-adhesion X-ray Shielding Composite Material of EPDM Rubber with Barite: Mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Cherkasov ◽  
Yuiy Yurkin ◽  
Valeriy Avdonin ◽  
Dmitriy Suntsov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Free Material

It is actual now to work out new radiation protecting sheeting on the basis of non-curing polymeric composition which possess self-adhesion properties, are easily mounted and dismantled and provide high tightness and low permeability. Mechanical properties of non-curing composites consisting of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), industrial oil (IO), alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) with addition of barite (52 %) to the total material volume were investigated in this article. The aim of investigation is to find optimal content of the above mentioned components at which it would be possible to get the following properties: composite would be sticky enough (peel strength not less than 4 N/cm); character of a separation would be cohesive (on a material) and thus there would be no migration of softener and satisfactory resistance of fluidity. The results showed that PF addition till 20 % in the system EPDM/PF leads to the increasing of adhesive strength, in this case optimal oil concentration in the system EPDM/PF/IO is in the interval from 45 till 55 %. New self-adhesion lead-free material, exhibited higher X-ray-shielding properties, is also received in the result of investigation.

scholarly journals Micro-Nano Carbon Structures with Platelet, Glassy and Tube-Like Morphologies

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Huang ◽  
Xiong ◽  
Wang ◽  
Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Carbon Structures

Carbon source precursors for high-grade, clean, and low-carbon refractories were obtained by in situ exfoliation of flake graphite (FG) and phenol–formaldehyde resin (PF) composites with three-roll milling (TRM) for the fabrication of graphite nanoplatelets. In addition, by using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as a catalyst in the pyrolysis process, multidimensional carbon nanostructures were obtained with coexisting graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs), glassy carbon (GC), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The resulting GNPs (exfoliated 16 times) had sizes of 10–30 μm, thicknesses of 30–50 nm, and could be uniformly dispersed in GC from the PF pyrolysis. Moreover, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O played a key role in the formation and growth of CNTs from a catalytic pyrolysis of partial PF with the V–S/tip growth mechanisms. The resulting multidimensional carbon nanostructures with GNPs/GC/CNTs are attributed to the shear force of the TRM process, pyrolysis, and catalytic action of nitrates. This method reduced the production costs of carbon source precursors for low-carbon refractories, and the precursors exhibited excellent performances when fabricated on large scales.

Physico-mechanical characteristics and phase composition of unburned periclase-carbon refractories on modified phenol-formaldehyde resin

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
D. A. Brazhnik ◽  
G. D. Semchenko ◽  
G. N. Shabanova ◽  
E. E. Starolat ◽  
I. N. Rozhko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin

The possibilities of improving the physico-mechanical properties of periclase-carbon materials by modifying the phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) with organoinorganic complexes are described. The composition of the modifying additives, the phase composition of the materials after the PFR hardening are given, the influence of modifiers on the formation of the structure of materials is established. It is shown that the introduction of ethyl silicate or hydrolyzed ethyl silicate into liquid PFR during preparation of the charge contributes to the formation of SiC in the phase composition. The conclusion is made about the rationality of the introduction of ethyl silicate in an amount of from 0,66 to 1 wt. % and the prospects of introducing nickel oxalate into a liquid PFR together with ammonium citrate to increase the compressive strength of periclase-carbon materials up to 60 MPa. Ill. 7. Ref. 9.

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