Esterification of Lignin Isolated by Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Fatty Acid Chloride, and Its Composite Film with Poly(lactic acid)

In this study, the effect of lignin esterification with fatty acid chloride on the properties of lignin and lignin/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites was investigated. Lignocellulose (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) was treated using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) with choline chloride (ChCl)/lactic acid (LA). From the DES-soluble fraction, DES-lignin (DL) was isolated by a regeneration process. Lignin esterification was conducted with palmitoyl chloride (PC). As the PC loading increased for DL esterification, the Mw of esterified DL (EDL) was increased, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased. In DL or EDL/PLA composite films, it was observed that EDL/PLA had cleaner and smoother morphological characteristics than DL/PLA. The addition of DL or EDL in a PLA matrix resulted in a deterioration of tensile properties as compared with neat PLA. The EDL/PLA composite film had a higher tensile strength and elastic modulus than the DL/PLA composite film. DL esterification decreased water absorption with lower water diffusion coefficients. The effect of lignin esterification on improving the compatibility of lignin and PLA was demonstrated. These results are expected to contribute to the development of high-strength lignin composites.

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Deep eutectic solvent delignification: Impact of initial lignin

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.12.4.7301-7310 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 7301-7310

Author(s):

Veronika Majová ◽

Silvia Horanová ◽

Andrea Škulcová ◽

Jozef Šima ◽

Michal Jablonský

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Kappa Number ◽

Kraft Pulps ◽

Oxygen Delignification ◽

Detailed Understanding

This study aimed to resolve the issue of the lack of detailed understanding of the effect of initial lignin content in hardwood kraft pulps on pulp delignification by deep eutectic solvents. The authors used Kappa number of the concerned pulp, intrinsic viscosity, and selectivity and efficiency of delignification as the parameters of the effect. The pulp (50 g oven dry pulp) was treated with four different DESs systems based on choline chloride with lactic acid (1:9), oxalic acid (1:1), malic acid (1:1), and system alanine:lactic acid (1:9); the results were compared to those reached by oxygen delignification. The results showed that the pulp with a higher initial lignin content had a greater fraction of easily removed lignin fragments.

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Effect of High Pressure Treatment on Poly(lactic acid)/Nano–TiO2 Composite Films

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2621 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hai Chi ◽

Wenhui Li ◽

Chunli Fan ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Pressure ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Composite Film ◽

Composite Films ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Pressure Treatment ◽

Nano Tio2 ◽

High Pressure Treatment

The microstructure, thermal properties, mechanical properties and oxygen and water vapor barrier properties of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-TiO2 composite film before and after high pressure treatment were studied. Structural analysis showed that the functional group structure of the high pressure treated composite film did not change. It was found that the high pressure treatment did not form new chemical bonds between the nanoparticles and the PLA. The micro-section of the composite film after high pressure treatment became very rough, and the structure was depressed. Through the analysis of thermal and mechanical properties, high pressure treatment can not only increase the strength and stiffness of the composite film, but also increase the crystallinity of the composite film. Through the analysis of barrier properties, it is found that the barrier properties of composite films after high pressure treatment were been improved by the applied high pressure treatment.

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Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of a Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) Film Incorporated with Thymol

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.481 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 884-885 ◽

pp. 481-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yan Wu ◽

Ming Wei Yuan ◽

Ji Yi Yang ◽

Yu Yue Qin ◽

Ming Long Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Composite Film ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Trimethylene Carbonate

Thymol (TH), which has antimicrobial effect on many food pathogens, was incorporated as antimicrobial agent into composite poly (lactic acid)/poly (trimethylene carbonate)(PLA-PTMC) films. Antimicrobial active films based on PLA-PTMC were prepared by incorporating thymol at five different concentrations: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 %(w/w). The mechanical characterization, water vapor permeability (WVP), and antimicrobial activity of all formulations composite film were carried out. A decrease in elastic modulus was obtained for the active composite film compared with neat PLA-PTMC film. The presence of thymol decreased water vapor permeability, with a significant antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activities of films were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aurous, Listeria, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella. Increasing amount of the thymol in the film caused a significant increase in inhibitory zones. These results suggest that thymol incorporated PLA-PTMC films have a prospectively potential in antimicrobial food packaging.

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SYNTHESIS OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATEDL-α-LECITHINS ACYLATION OF THE CADMIUM CHLORIDE COMPOUND OFL-α-GLYCERYLPHOSPHORYLCHOLINE

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o59-105 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 953-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Erich Baer ◽

Dmytro Buchnea

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Optical Activity ◽

Mercuric Chloride ◽

Acid Chloride ◽

Cadmium Chloride ◽

Addition Compound ◽

Fatty Acid Chloride

A facile procedure for the preparation of saturated and unsaturated L-α-lecithins from L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) is reported. The lecithins are obtained by acylating L-α-GPC, in the form of its cadmium chloride addition compound, with fatty acid chloride and pyridine at low temperature (0°–25°). The acylation proceeds rapidly and yields optically pureL-α-lecithins. The preparation of the distearoyl-, dimyristoyl-, and dioleoyl L-α-lecithins by this procedure is described.The deacylation of lecithins with mercuric chloride or sodium hydroxide was investigated. Both procedures give a partially racemized L-α-GPC. This was established by the finding that the optical activity of the lecithins resulting from reacylating the L-α-GPC preparations in the form of their cadmium chloride compounds was considerably lower than that of the corresponding authentic lecithins.

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