scholarly journals Effect of Fibre Orientation on Impact Damage Resistance of S2/FM94 Glass Fibre Composites for Aerospace Applications: An Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Validation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
Hom N. Dhakal ◽  
Carol A. Featheroson ◽  
Danil Yurievich Pimenov ◽  
Colin Lupton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the influence of fibre orientation and varied incident energy levels on the impact-induced damage of S2/FM94, a kind of aerospace glass fibre epoxy/composite regularly used in aircraft components and often subjected to low-velocity impact loadings. Effects of varying parameters on the impact resistance behaviour and damage modes are evaluated experimentally and numerically. Laminates fabricated with four different fibre orientations 0/90/+45/−458s, 0/90/90/08s, +45/−4516s, and  032 were impacted using three energy levels. Experimental results showed that plates with unidirectional fibre orientation failed due to shear stresses, while no penetration occurred for the 0/90/90/08s and +45/−4516s plates due to the energy transfer back to the plate at the point of maximum displacement. The impact energy and resulting damage were modelled using Abaqus/Explicit. The Finite Element (FE) results could accurately predict the maximum impact load on the plates with an accuracy of 0.52% to 13%. The FE model was also able to predict the onset of damage initiation, evolution, and the subsequent reduction of the strength of the impacted laminates. The results obtained on the relationship of fibre geometry and varying incident impact energy on the impact damage modes can provide design guidance of S2/FM94 glass composites for aerospace applications where impact toughness is critical.

Rapid Predicting the Impact Behaviors of Marine Composite Laminates

2015 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Qiu ◽  
Cheng Bi Zhao ◽  
You Hong Tang ◽  
Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cohesive Elements ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Short Computing Time ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact

There are challenges of using composite laminates in the marine engineering, i.e., composites are frequently suffering from the effects of impaction including wave impaction, ship or other objects hitting, missiles or bullets hitting and other especially conditions. It is significant to understand the impact behaviors of laminates, in this research, the impact responses of typical laminates are investigated numerically. The delamination responses among the plies and fibre and/or matrix damage responses within the plies are simulated to understand the impaction behaviours of laminates under impaction conditions. The impact damage of composite laminates in the form of intra-and/or inter-laminar cracking is modelled by using stress-based criteria for damage initiation, and fracture mechanics technique is used to capture its evolution. Interface cohesive elements are inserted between plies with appropriate mixed-mode damage laws to predict the delamination. A group of graphite fibre/epoxy laminates with impact energies of 5, 10, 15 and 20 J, respectively, are simulated with a full scale FE model and a simplified FE model respectively. Through comparing the simulation results with each other, we find out that the impact behaviors obtained in the simplified FE model is comparable to experiments with a short computing time, but the simplified model cannot represent the properties of laminate after impact.

Impact Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Durability of GLARE Laminates

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoungseock Seo ◽  
H. T. Hahn ◽  
Jenn-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strength ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Fatigue Durability ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact

The fatigue behavior and residual strength of postimpacted GLARE 4-3/2, GLARE 5-2/1, and monolithic aluminum 2024-T3 alloy were investigated experimentally. Drop-weight impact was applied at a variety of energy levels to inflict a barely visible impact damage, a clearly visible impact damage, and a penetration damage. After the impact test, constant-amplitude tension-tension fatigue was done to delineate the modes of damage initiation and growth and the effect of damage on fatigue life and residual strength. The results showed that GLARE laminates exhibit superior postimpact fatigue durability when compared with the monolithic 2024-T3 aluminum alloy.

Experimental Research on the Impact Damage of Composite Laminates at Different Energies

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 850-853
Author(s):  
A Ying Zhang ◽  
Han Xiong Lv ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Dong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crack Length ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
The Impact

The effects of the impact energy on the impact damage of CFRP laminates were studied in this paper. Impact tests for the CFRP laminates with the size of 600 mm×700 mm were subjected to different the impact energy levels from 5 J to 50 J. The matrix length was investigated according to different energy levels. The experimental results reveal that the crack length increases linearly with the increasing impact energy. The impact damage of CFRP laminates tends to be more severe as impact energy increases, and the impact area and crater depth increases with increasing impact energy. The surface of impact dent of specimen looks like W shape.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical study of the response to various impact energy levels for composite sandwich plates with different face thicknesses

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1654-1682
Author(s):  
Moeen S Rajput ◽  
Magnus Burman ◽  
Fredrik Forsberg ◽  
Stefan Hallström
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dent Depth

Composite sandwich structures find wide application in the aerospace sector thanks to their lightweight characteristics. However, composite structures are highly susceptible to low-velocity impact damage and therefore thorough characterization of the impact response and damage process for the used material configurations is necessary. The present study investigates the effect of face-sheet thickness on the impact response and damage mechanisms, experimentally and numerically. A uni-directional, non-crimp fabric is used as reinforcement in the face-sheets, and a closed cell Rohacell 200 Hero polymer foam is used as core material. Low-velocity impact tests are performed in a novel instrumented drop-weight rig that is able to capture the true impact response. A range of impact energies are initially utilized in order to identify when low level damage (LLD), barely visible impact damage (BVID) and visible impact damage (VID) occur. A thorough fractography investigation is performed to characterize the impact damage using both destructive and non-destructive testing. The damage from the impacts in terms of dent depth, peak contact force, deflection and absorbed energy is measured. The results show bilinear responses in dent depth vs. impact energy and absorbed energy vs. impact energy. It is found than the BVID energy works well as an indication for the onset of excessive damage. Fractography reveals that there is a failure mode shift between the LLD and the VID energy levels, and that delaminations predominantly grow along the fiber direction and rotate in a spiral pattern through the thickness, following the laminate ply orientations. Finally, a progressive damage finite element model is developed to simulate both the impact response and the delamination extent, incorporating both intra-laminar and inter-laminar damage modes. The simulation shows good agreement with the experiments.

Experimental Research on CFRP Laminates with Different Impact Energy Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1060-1063
Author(s):  
A Ying Zhang ◽  
Dong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crack Length ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Crater Depth ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
65 J ◽  
The Impact

The effects of thickness and impact energy on the impact damage of CFRP laminates were studied in this paper. Impact tests for the CFRP laminates with the size of 600 mm×700 mm with five different thicknesses were subjected to impact fatigue loading at different energy levels from 5 J to 65 J. The crater depth and matrix length were investigated according to different energy levels and different thicknesses. The impact damage was evaluated by visual inspection, three-dimensional microscope. The experimental results reveal that the crater depth and the crack length increase with the increasing impact energy. For the same impact energy, the crater depth and the crack length decreased with the increasing thickness of specimens.

Threshold of Impact Energy on the Medium Leakage of CFRP Laminates

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
A Ying Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jun Zhang ◽  
Zhen Jia ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Dong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crater Depth ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
65 J ◽  
The Impact

The effects of the thickness and the impact energy on the medium leakage of CFRP laminates were discussed in this paper. Impact tests for CFRP laminates with the size of 600 mm×700 mm with three different thicknesses were subjected to impact energy levels from 5 J to 65 J. The medium leakage and the damaged area were investigated according to different energy levels and thicknesses. The damage area was evaluated by visual inspection and three-dimensional microscope. The experimental results reveal that the impact damage of CFRP laminates tends to be more severe as the impact energy increases, and the impact area and the crater depth increases with the increasing impact energy. For the same impact energy, the impact area and the crater depth decrease with the increasing thickness.

Experimental Research on Medium Leakage of CFRP Laminates after Impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
A Ying Zhang ◽  
Dong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crater Depth ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
The Impact

The effects of thickness and impact energy on the medium leakage of composite laminates were discussed in this paper. Impact tests for the composite laminates with the size of 600 mm×700 mm with three different thicknesses were subjected to impact energy levels from 5 J to 40 J. The medium leakage and the damaged area were investigated according to different energy levels and stacking sequences. The damage area was evaluated by visual inspection and three-dimensional microscope. The experimental results reveal that the impact damage of CFRP laminates with three different thicknesses tends to be more severe as impact energy increases. The impact area and the crater depth increases with increasing impact energy. The impact area and the crater depth decreases with increasing thickness for the same impact energy.

Experimental Research on the Effects of Dimension on the Impact Damage of CFRP Laminates

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
A Ying Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jun Zhang ◽  
Zhen Jia ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Dong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crater Depth ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
The Impact

The effects of thickness on the impact damage of composite laminates were discussed in this paper. Impact tests for the composite laminates with the size of 600 mm×700 mm with three different thicknesses were subjected to impact energy levels from 5 J to 40 J. The crater depth and matrix length were investigated according to different energy levels and different thicknesses. The impact damage was evaluated by visual inspection, three-dimensional microscope. The experimental results reveal that the crater depth and the crack length increase with the increasing impact energy. The thickness had the negative effects on the impact damage of the specimens at the same impact energy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Layers and Bullet Type on Impact Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Using a Single Stage Gas Gun (SSGG)

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N.A. Safri ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
N. Razali ◽  
Shahnor Basri ◽  
Noorfaizal Yidris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to study the best number of layer with the higher impact energy using Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). The number of layers used in this study was 25, 33, 41, and 49. The impact test was performed using Single Stage Gas Gun (SSGG) for each layers given above with different bullets such as blunt, hemispherical and conical bullets. The gas gun pressure was set to 5, 10, 15 and 20 bar. All of the signals captured from the impact test were recorded using a ballistic data acquisition system. The correlation between the impact energy in terms of number of layer and type of bullet from this test are presented and discussed. It can be summarise that as the number of layer increases, impact energy also increases. In addition, from the results, it was observed that by using different types of bullets (blunt, hemispherical, conical), there is only a slight difference in values of energy absorbed by the specimen.

scholarly journals Crushing Susceptibility of Vetch Seeds Under Impact Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and the impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of vetch seeds. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.57 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage breakage in vetch seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of seeds breakage from 41.69 to 78.67%. It was found that the relation between vetch seeds moisture content and seeds breakage was non-linear, and the extent of damaged seeds decreased significantlyas a polynomial (from 92.47 to 33.56%) with increasing moisture (from 7.57 to 17.5%) and reached a minimum at moisture level of about 17.5%. Further increase in seed moisture, however, caused an increase in the amount of seeds breakage. Mathematical relationships composed of seed moisture content and impact energy, were developed for accurately description the percentage breakage of vetch seeds under impact loading. It was found that the models have provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

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