scholarly journals Blends of Carbohydrate Polymers for the Co-Microencapsulation of Bacillus clausii and Quercetin as Active Ingredients of a Functional Food

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
María Z. Saavedra-Leos ◽  
Manuel Román-Aguirre ◽  
Alberto Toxqui-Terán ◽  
Vicente Espinosa-Solís ◽  
Avelina Franco-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbohydrate Polymers ◽  
Bacillus Clausii ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

A functional food based on blends of carbohydrate polymers and active ingredients was prepared by spray drying. Inulin (IN) and maltodextrin (MX) were used as carrying agents to co-microencapsulate quercetin as an antioxidant and Bacillus clausii (Bc) as a probiotic. Through a reduced design of experiments, eleven runs were conducted and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The physical characterizations showed fine and non-aggregated powders, composed of pseudo-spherical particles with micrometric sizes. The observation of rod-like particles suggested that microorganisms were microencapsulated in these particles. The microstructure of the powders was amorphous, observing diffraction peaks attributed to the crystallization of the antioxidant. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends was above the room temperature, which may promote a higher stability during storage. The antioxidant activity (AA) values increased for the IN-MX blends, while the viability of the microorganisms increased with the addition of MX. By a surface response plot (SRP) the yield showed a major dependency with the drying temperature and then with the concentration of IN. The work contributes to the use of carbohydrate polymers blends, and to the co-microencapsulation of active ingredients.

Synthesis and Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyesters with Flexible Polymethylene Spacer

2010 ◽  
Vol 428-429 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Wei Zhong Lu ◽  
Chun Wei ◽  
Qui Shan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Ubbelohde Viscometer

Polymethylene bis(p-hydroxybenzoates) were prepared from methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and different diols by melted transesterification reaction. Three liquid crystalline polyesters were synthesized from terephthaloyl dichloride and polymethylene bis(p-hydroxybenzoates). Its structure, morphology and properties were characterized by Ubbelohde viscometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) with a hot stage, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Results indicated that the intrinsic viscosities were between 0.088 and 0.210 dL/g. Optical microscopy showed that the TLCP has a highly threaded liquid crystalline texture and a high birefringent schlieren texture character of nematic phase and has wider mesophase temperature ranges for all polyesters. DSC analysis were found that the melting point (Tm), isotropic temperature (Ti) of TLCPs decreased and the temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase became wider with increased number of methylene spacers in the polyester. The WAXD results showed that TLCPs owned two strong diffraction peaks at 2θ near 19° and 23°.

Study on Crystallization Characteristic of 3PE Anti-Corrosion Coating for Steel Pipeline

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2169-2174
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Tang ◽  
Zhi Feng Li ◽  
Guang Ya Hou ◽  
Hua Zhen Cao ◽  
Guo Qu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Skin Region ◽  
Near Zone ◽  
Crystallization Characteristic ◽  
Lamella Thickness

Three layers polyethylene (3PE) anti-corrosion coating was widely used in oil or gas transmission pipelines in the world. Special HDPE (SHDPE) was used in the outer layer of 3PE coating, which is very important to the performance of the whole coating system. However, till to now fewer study about SHDPE crystallization have been reported. In this paper, the crystallization characteristic of SHDPE and 3PE coating were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The results showed that, the crystallinity and lamella thickness of SHDPE were decreased with the increase of cooling rate in fabrication process. Middle adhesion layer of 3PE coating accelerated nucleation and improved the crystallinity of the near zone PE layer. The skin region of 3PE coating had lowest crystallinity due to the highest cooling rate, and the crystallinity was increased from skin to core region of 3PE coating.

Crystallization Characteristics of Ge-Sb Phase Change Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Raoux ◽  
Cyril Cabral ◽  
Lia Krusin-Elbaum ◽  
Jean L. Jordan-Sweet ◽  
Martin Salinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Large Change ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Low X

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of Ge-Sb phase change materials with variable Ge:Sb ratio X between 0.079 and 4.3 was studied using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray reflectivity, optical reflectivity and resistivity vs. temperature measurements. It was found that the crystallization temperature increases with Ge content from about 130 °C for X = 0.079 to about 450 °C for X = 4.3. For low X, Sb x-ray diffraction peaks occurred during a heating ramp at lower temperature than Ge diffraction peaks. For X = 1.44 and higher, Sb and Ge peaks occurred at the same temperature. Mass density change upon crystallization and optical and electrical contrast between the phases show a maximum for the eutectic alloy with X = 0.17. The large change in materials properties with composition allows tailoring of the crystallization properties for specific application requirements.

Thermal and structural characterization of the ZrO2−x(OH)2xto ZrO2 transition

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Torres-GarciÁa ◽  
A. Peláiz-Barranco ◽  
C. Vázquez-Ramos ◽  
G. A. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exothermic Process

The exothermic process that occurs around 700 K during calcination of ZrO2−x(OH)2x, associated with the crystallization of the low-temperature tetragonal metastable phase of ZrO2, was analyzed using x-ray diffraction, high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption, and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). High-resolution TGA allowed us to determine the water loss, resulting from condensation of OH− groups. The amount was 0.137 wt% in our case, equivalent to 1.7 × 10−2 mol of H2O/mol of ZrO2. That corresponds to about one −OH group per nm2 being lost in that process. By using MDSC we determined that the change in enthalpy (∆Hglobal = −15.49 kJ/mol of ZrO2) was the result of two parallel contributions. One of them was reversible and endothermic (∆Hrev = 0.11 kJ/mol of ZrO2), whereas the other was irreversible and exothermic (∆Hirrev = −15.60 kJ/mol of ZrO2). The variability and magnitude of the exotherm, as well as the fact that the accompanying weight loss is so small, are consistent with a mechanism involving the formation of tetragonal nuclei, rather than global crystallization, and hence depend on the number of nuclei so formed.

Effect of the Addition of Nano-β-TCP on the Microstructure of Mg-Zn-Zr Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen You ◽  
Yan Ze Bi ◽  
Min Fang Chen ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
De Bao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Zr Alloy

In this study, a mental matrix composite (MMC) made of Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr alloy as a matrix and β-TCP particles as reinforcements were prepared for investigating the effect of β-TCP spherical particles sized in 100 nm on the microstructure of that alloy. The grains of as-cast or as-extruded Mg alloys systematically decreased from about 80 μm to about 30 μm with the choice of β-TCP contents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and optical microscopy (OM) observations show that the Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr-β-TCP (1.0 or 1.5, in wt %) composites were composed of various phases in addition to Mg and MgZn2 comparied with Mg-Zn-Zr alloy. New diffraction peaks appearing in the MMC, which suggests that a potential interaction occurred between β-TCP and the matrix. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that secondary phases, which wraps upon the surface of β-TCP, are uniformly distributed in the grains of Mg-Zn-Zr alloy. Energy spectrum analysis shows that the component of dark-colored parts is equivalent to β-TCP, but the component of light-colored parts is Mg-Zn-Ca, which demonstrates that there is a real interaction occurred between the matrix and β-TCP.

Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoplastic Biomaterial Based on Acylated Chitosan Oligosaccharide

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hong Li ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
San Xi Li ◽  
Shao Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

A series of acylated chitosan oligosaccharides (LCSOs) were synthesized by reacting chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) with lauroyl chloride in methane sulfonic acid. The chemical structures of LCSOs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that LCSOs had two phase transitions during heating. Thermoplastic chitosan oligosaccharide (LCSO-4) has distinct melting temperature (Tm) at 64 °C and 110°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that the crystal structure of CSO was changed through acylation and had created new crystal domains of lauroyl side chains. New strong diffraction peaks were observed around 2θ values of 20.0°, 21.5° and 26.3° for thermoplastic acylated chitosan oligosaccharide (LCSO-4). The melting and crystallization properties of thermoplastic acylated chitosan oligosaccharide were observed by polarized optical microscope (POM).

Control of the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V. P. Sirotinkin ◽  
O. V. Baranov ◽  
A. Yu. Fedotov ◽  
S. M. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impurity Phases ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The results of studying the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, β-Ca3(PO4)2, α-Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4 · 2H2O, Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector are presented. Optimal experimental conditions (angular positions of the x-ray tube and detector, size of the slits, exposure time) were determined with allowance for possible formation of the impurity phases during synthesis. The construction features of diffractometers with a position-sensitive detector affecting the profile characteristics of x-ray diffraction peaks are considered. The composition for calibration of the diffractometer (a mixture of sodium acetate and yttrium oxide) was determined. Theoretical x-ray diffraction patterns for corresponding calcium phosphates are constructed on the basis of the literature data. These x-ray diffraction patterns were used to determine the phase composition of the advanced calcium phosphates. The features of advanced calcium phosphates, which should be taken into account during the phase analysis, are indicated. The powder of high-temperature form of tricalcium phosphate strongly adsorbs water from the environment. A strong texture is observed on the x-ray diffraction spectra of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. A rather specific x-ray diffraction pattern of octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate revealed the only one strong peak at small angles. In all cases, significant deviations are observed for the recorded angular positions and relative intensity of the diffraction peaks. The results of the study of experimentally obtained mixtures of calcium phosphate are presented. It is shown that the graphic comparison of experimental x-ray diffraction spectra and pre-recorded spectra of the reference calcium phosphates and possible impurity phases is the most effective method. In this case, there is no need for calibration. When using this method, the total time for analysis of one sample is no more than 10 min.

Studies on the Preparation, Characterization and Solubility of -Cyclodextrin-Roxythromycin Inclusion Complexes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530
Author(s):  
D. Nagasamy Venkatesh ◽  
S. Karthick ◽  
M. Umesh ◽  
G. Vivek ◽  
R.M. Valliappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Poorly Soluble Drug

Roxythromycin/ β-cyclodextrin (Roxy/ β-CD) dispersions were prepared with a view to study the influence of β-CD on the solubility and dissolution rate of this poorly soluble drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility of roxythromycin was significantly increased in the presence of β-cyclodextrin and was classified as AL-type, indicating the 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Physical characterization of the prepared systems was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and IR studies. Solid state characterization of the drug β-CD binary system using XRD, FTIR and DSC revealed distinct loss of drug crystallinity in the formulation, ostensibly accounting for enhancement of dissolution rate.

scholarly journals A review of nanotechnology with an emphasis on Nanoplex

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Rupali Nanasaheb Kadam ◽  
Raosaheb Sopanrao Shendge ◽  
Vishal Vijay Pande
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Anionic Drugs ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
The Brain

<p>The use of nanotechnology based on the development and fabrication of nanostructures is one approach that has been employed to overcome the challenges involved with conventional drug delivery systems. Formulating Nanoplex is the new trend in nanotechnology. A nanoplex is a complex formed by a drug nanoparticle with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Both cationic and anionic drugs form complexes with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Compared with other nanostructures, the yield of Nanoplex is greater and the complexation efficiency is better. Nanoplex are also easier to prepare. Nanoplex formulation is characterized through the production yield, complexation efficiency, drug loading, particle size and zeta potential using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and dialysis studies. Nanoplex have wide-ranging applications in different fields such as cancer therapy, gene drug delivery, drug delivery to the brain and protein and peptide drug delivery.</p>

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