The Profile of the Foreign Investor in the Romanian Chemical Industry

The main aim of this study is to build the investor’s profile in the Romanian chemical industry and to highlight the factors that influenced the decision of investing in Romania rather than other Central Eastern European countries. The data collection was performed in June 2019 and the list of the 150 foreign companies from the chemical industry was obtained from The National Trade Register Office. Data used in this research were collected using a questionnaire. Dependent variable represents the probability of investing in Romania, with the option of the other Central and Eastern European countries as reference group. The main part of our analysis focus on this question: “Which were the reasons that made you decide invest in Romania?” For analysis, a number of six main classes are used: Infrastructure, labor force, Agglomeration factors, Knowledge, Market Size and Cost factors (as independent variables). Main results consist in the presence of three factors with a positive impact. The paper also highlights that the main advantage considered by a foreign investor in Romania is represented by the cheap labor force. As a secondary conclusion, companies are also interested in other factors that are mentioned in the paper.

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Patterns of Interrelationships between Inflation, R&D, Innovation, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries

10.15179/ces.22.2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 5-33

Author(s):

Ljubivoje Radonjić ◽

◽

Nevena Veselinović ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Output Growth ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

Innovation Activities ◽

Private And Public ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

The Impact

The primary objective of the article is to examine the nexus between inflation, R&D, patents, and economic growth within a group of Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). The examination is conducted in two parts. First, the impact of total R&D expenditures on economic growth is observed, as well as the influence of growth on private and public R&D investments. Second, the conversion from private and public R&D investment to innovation, measured by the number of patents, is observed. Throughout the analysis, economic growth and inflation are representative of macroeconomic stability. The outcomes of the panel auto-regressive distributed lag estimation indicate that total R&D expenditures are essential and positively significant for economic growth in the observed countries. The results also show that output growth has a remarkably positive impact on generating private R&D expenditures. Such an influence is also found, but at a weaker level, in the case of public R&D expenditures. In this part of the analysis, inflation has demonstrated a harmful influence on R&D expenditures. The results of the second part indicate that public and private R&D expenditures, at a significant level, generate innovation activities, while the impact of inflation has proven to be unimportant.

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Job Polarization in Europe: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries

DANUBE Law and Economics Review ◽

10.2478/danb-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 52-74

Author(s):

Dennis Nchor ◽

Petr Rozmahel

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Distributed Lag Model ◽

Job Polarization ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

Impact Of Technology ◽

The Impact ◽

High Skill

Abstract Job polarization simply refers to the decline or disappearance of employment in middle skill occupations. Recent literature focuses on this phenomenon as a source of rising income inequality in countries. The hypothesis is that growth in employment over the last decades has favoured jobs at the low and high skill occupations with declines in employment shares in the middle of the distribution. First, this paper seeks to investigate whether labour polarization occurs in Central and Eastern European countries. Secondly, the paper assesses the role of technology on employment in the Central and Eastern European countries. Using employment shares and a cointegrated panel autoregressive distributed lag model, the paper presents comprehensive results on labour polarization and the impact of technology on employment in the labour markets of the Central and Eastern European countries. The results show positive impact of technology on high skill employment while negative on low and middle skill employment in the long-run. The study finds that though middle skill employment shares declined, there is no clear case of a U-shape employment distribution to indicate labour polarization.

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An Overview of Digital Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern European Countries

10.5772/intechopen.95961 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mladen Turuk

Keyword(s):

Information Technologies ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

European Countries ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Eastern European ◽

Per Capita ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

Digital Entrepreneurship

The aim of the study is to explore and present an overview of digital entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern European countries and to examine how certain components of the DESI index affect GDP per capita in CEE countries and in what way modern information technologies affect their economies. The paper uses secondary data sources, mostly scientific and professional journals from the studied area, DESI reports, Eurostat data, and other Internet sources. The first part of the paper presents a short introduction on digitization digital entrepreneurship and digital technologies. The second part provides a descriptive analysis of digital entrepreneurship indicators and explores business demography in the ICT sector while the third part refers to the analysis of the DESI index. The panel method on data from 2015 to 2019 was used to show the influence of the different DESI index components on the observed countries’ GDP per capita. The hypothesis that the components of the DESI index have a positive impact on GDP per capita has been partially confirmed. DESI rank, Connectivity and Human capital did not prove to be significant, while Use of internet services, Integration of digital technology, and Digital public services proved their significant positive effect.

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Labor force participation in Eastern European countries: nonlinear modeling

Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.1108/jes-07-2018-0235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1258-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marianna Oliskevych ◽

Iryna Lukianenko

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Labor Force ◽

Labor Force Participation ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Participation Rate ◽

European Countries ◽

Smooth Transition ◽

Eastern European ◽

Content Type ◽

Eastern European Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior peculiarities of the labor force participation in Eastern European countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide the analysis of nonlinearity in dynamics of economic active population and perform the econometric analysis using logistic smooth transition autoregressive models that are flexible and capture various kinds of behavior for different modes. The paper investigates labor markets of six Eastern European countries, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Croatia that are characterized by lower level of labor force participation rate (LFPR) than average level in EU. Findings The results of modeling quantitatively characterize smooth changes in the behavior modes of labor force activity for each country and indicate how population economic activity depends on previous labor market states. The estimated slope parameters that determine the smoothness of transition between regimes show that, in all countries, the labor force participation quite quickly reacts to changes that occurred on the labor market in the past. During recession periods, households of European countries that joint EU last decade in order to prevent the depletion of their total income increased labor supply and showed increased activity in job search. Originality/value This paper indicates the nonlinearity and asymmetry in LFPR in transition economies, discovers variety of its dynamics in the different regimes and determines the indicators that cause the change of the population economic activity behavior in each country.

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Technical Efficiency of Banks in Central and Eastern Europe

International Journal of Financial Studies ◽

10.3390/ijfs6030066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Eva Horvatova

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Technical Efficiency ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Strong Association ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

Balkan Countries ◽

Eastern European Countries

The purpose of this article is to examine what affected the technical efficiency of banks in Central and Eastern European countries during the financial crisis. Firstly, this article analyzes the technical efficiency of banks in the selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe during the period 2006–2013. In this article, the technical efficiency of Central and Eastern European banks is explored in respect to the size of the banks (large or small) and their belonging in a specific group of countries. The results of the analysis show a strong association between the numbers of efficient banks and belonging of banks in the group of V4 countries (Visegrad countries are the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). The banks in Balkan countries have a negative association with the number of efficient banks in the group; the banks in this group of countries have the highest average efficiency (when the output was net interest margin). There is a weak association between the number of efficient banks and their belonging in the group of Baltic countries. The bank efficiency and the size of the bank’s assets are also weakly associated. Secondly, the results of panel regression models for the specific groups of countries (V4, Baltic, and Balkan countries), as well as for the whole group of Central and Eastern European countries show that the customer deposits had a positive impact on the technical efficiency of banks during the financial crisis.

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Investment attractiveness of Central and Eastern European countries in the light of new locational advantages development

Equilibrium ◽

10.12775/equil.2016.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elżbieta Jantoń-Drozdowska ◽

Maria Majewska

Keyword(s):

Direct Investment ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

The Past ◽

Eclectic Paradigm ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

New Location

The aim of this work was to present the similarities between the components of competitiveness and investment attractiveness as two complementary categories, and to show the role of new locational advantages in determining the level of investment attractiveness of a country. Another objective of this paper was to provide a comparative analysis of Central and Eastern European countries in terms of their investment attractiveness. Thus this paper was organized as follows: the first part of the paper focused on a country’s competitiveness, and the traditional and new location advantages that determine its investment attractiveness in view of direct investment inflows in the light of M. Porter’s model of a diamond, an eclectic paradigm of J. H. Dunning and new growth theories. The second part presented the results of investment attractiveness analysis including selected countries of CEE in the years 1995-2013. Comparing the investment attractiveness of Central and Eastern European countries shows that a rather narrow group of countries attracts a greater amount of FDI, and many more countries have experienced a decline in FDI. Therefore, the research results allow for the conclusion that Central and Eastern Europe reduced its investment attractiveness over the past years. This means that the majority of Central and Eastern European countries are becoming less successful in attracting FDI, and therefore in shaping the environment in which foreign companies wish to conduct their business.

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Knowledge about basic life support in European students

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2014.29898 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (21) ◽

pp. 833-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

József Marton ◽

Attila Pandúr ◽

Emese Pék ◽

Krisztina Deutsch ◽

Bálint Bánfai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Life Support ◽

Life Support ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

European Students ◽

Western European ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

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