scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transformation and Ultrastructural Alterations of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Resulting from Sulfadiazine Accumulation in Culture Solution

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Liang Mei ◽  
Ying-Xin Chen ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jia-Hua Chen ◽  
Zhi-Jin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Transformation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Endophyte Community

The research herein explored the possible mechanism of toxicity of the antibiotic sulfadiazine (SD) and the related antibiotic resistance gene transformation in lettuce by systematically investigating its growth responses, ultrastructural changes, and antibiotic resistance gene transformation via solution culture experiments. The results showed that SD mainly accumulated in the roots of lettuce at concentrations ranging from 6.48 to 120.87 μg/kg, which were significantly higher than those in leaves (3.90 to 16.74 μg/kg). Lower concentrations of SD (0.5 and 2.0 mg/L) in the culture nutrient solution exerted little effect on lettuce growth, while at SD concentrations higher than 10 mg/L, the growth of lettuce was significantly inhibited, manifesting as shorter root length and lower dry matter yield of whole lettuce plants. Compared with that for the control group, the absolute abundance of bacteria in the root endophyte, rhizosphere, and phyllosphere communities under different concentrations of SD treatment decreased significantly. sul1 and sul2 mainly accumulated in the root endophyte community, at levels significantly higher than those in the leaf endophyte community. Studies of electrolyte leakage and ultrastructural characteristics of root and leaf cells indicated that lettuce grown in culture solutions with high SD concentrations suffered severe damage and disintegration of the cell walls of organs, especially chloroplasts, in leaves. Furthermore, the possible mechanism of SD toxicity in lettuce was confirmed to start with the roots, followed by a free flow of SD into the leaves to destroy the chloroplasts in the leaf cells, which ultimately reduced photosynthesis and decreased plant growth. Studies have shown that antibiotic residues have negative effects on the growth of lettuce and highlight a potential risk of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance in vegetable endophyte systems.

scholarly journals Swine growth promotion with antibiotics or alternatives can increase antibiotic resistance gene mobility potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Muurinen ◽  
Jacob Richert ◽  
Carmen L. Wickware ◽  
Brian Richert ◽  
Timothy A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters

AbstractEven though the use of antibiotics for food-producing animals may contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics are still used as growth promoters. Due to consumer and regulatory pressures, the use of alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters is increasing, thus more information is needed on their capability to disseminate antimicrobial resistance compared to antibiotics. We investigated the impacts of carbadox (antibiotic), copper sulfate and zinc oxide (metals) and mushroom powder (natural product) on the pig fecal resistome and microbiome. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) abundances were measured using a high-throughput qPCR array with 382 primer pairs. Bacterial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. More ARGs co-occurred with MGEs in the growth promoter group samples than in the control group samples. Community composition could not be linked to resistome in the growth promoter group samples, indicating a potential decoupling of ARGs and phylogeny. Additionally, machine-learning methods aided in defining the community and resistome differences in response to treatments. Since increased ARG mobility potential was the primary response to the dietary additives used in this study, we suggest that ARG mobility should be considered when designing antimicrobial use policies and antimicrobial resistance surveillances.

scholarly journals Swine Growth Promotion with Antibiotics or Alternatives can Increase Antibiotic Resistance Gene Mobility Potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Muurinen ◽  
Jacob Richert ◽  
Carmen Wickware ◽  
Brian Richert ◽  
Timothy A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters

AbstractEven though the use of antibiotics for food-producing animals may contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics are still used as growth promoters. Due to consumer and regulatory pressures, the use of alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters is increasing, thus more information is needed on their capability to disseminate antimicrobial resistance compared to antibiotics. We investigated the impacts of carbadox (antibiotic), copper sulfate and zinc oxide (metals) and mushroom powder (natural product) on the pig fecal resistome and microbiome. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) abundances were measured using a high-throughput qPCR array with 382 primer pairs. Bacterial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. More ARGs co-occurred with MGEs in the growth promoter group samples than in the control group samples. Community composition could not be linked to resistome in the growth promoter group samples, indicating a potential decoupling of ARGs and phylogeny. Additionally, machine-learning methods aided in defining the community and resistome differences in response to treatments. Since increased ARG mobility potential was the primary response to the dietary additives used in this study, we suggest that ARG mobility should be considered when designing antimicrobial use policies and antimicrobial resistance surveillances.

scholarly journals Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Communities, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Diversity and Potential Pathogen Transmission Risk of Two Different Landfills in China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Shan Wan ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Yanjun Pang ◽  
Fugen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze microbial communities, antibiotic resistance gene diversity, and human pathogenic bacterium composition in two typical landfills in China. Results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were predominant in the two landfills, and archaea and fungi were also detected. The genera Methanoculleus, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas were predominantly present in all samples. sul2, sul1, tetX, and adeF were the four most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Sixty-nine bacterial pathogens were identified from the two landfills, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus as the major pathogenic microorganisms, indicating the existence of potential environmental risk in landfills. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes typically associated with human antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. These results provide insights into the risk of pathogens in landfills, which is important for controlling the potential secondary transmission of pathogens and reducing workers’ health risk during landfill excavation.

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