scholarly journals The German Uranium Miners’ Biobank—A Biobank for OMICs Radiation Research

Radiation ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
Maria Gomolka ◽  
Martin Bucher ◽  
Lukas Duchrow ◽  
Beate Hochstrat ◽  
Dirk Taeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Uranium Miners ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radiation Research

Systematic bio- and databanks are key prerequisites for modern radiation research to investigate radiation response mechanisms in the context of genetic, environmental and lifestyle-associated factors. This report presents the current status of the German Uranium Miners’ Biobank. In 2008, the bio- and databank was established at the Federal Office for Radiation Protection, and the sampling of biological materials from former uranium miners with and without lung cancer was initiated. For this purpose, various biological specimens, such as DNA and RNA, were isolated from blood samples as well as from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue. High-quality biomaterials suitable for OMICs research and the associated data on occupational radiation and dust exposure, and medical and lifestyle data from over 1000 individuals have been stored so far. Various experimental data, e.g., genome-wide SNPs, whole genome transcriptomic and miRNA data, as well as individual chromosomal aberration data from subgroups of biobank samples, are already available upon request for in-depth research on radiation-induced long-term effects, individual radiation susceptibility to lung cancer and radon-induced fingerprints in lung cancer. This biobank is the first systematic uranium miners´ biobank worldwide that is suitable for OMICs research on radiation-exposed workers. It offers the opportunity to link radiation-induced perturbations of biological pathways or processes and putative adverse outcome(s) by OMICs profiling at different biological organization levels.

scholarly journals Herbal Radioprotectors: A mini-review of the Current Status

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teena Haritwal ◽  
Mrinalini Tiwari ◽  
Paban Agrawala
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Radiation Research ◽  
Radioprotective Agent

Because of our increased dependency on the use of radiation in areas such as the food industry, agriculture, space exploration, diagnostics and treatment of various diseases including cancer, the possibilities of unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation have considerably increased. Hence, there is a need to develop an effective radioprotective agent that can protect against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation. So far, many synthetic and natural substances studied for use as radioprotectors have failed to reach clinics. Natural compounds are becoming more popular in radiation research due to their low toxicity, higher efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Plants and herbs contain a plethora of bioactive compounds having antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant properties which can act either in isolation or in combination to protect against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation This review mainly focuses on the radioprotective potential of various herbs and plants. The results obtained from various herbal extracts have shown protection against radiation-induced injuries in preclinical studies. This evaluation may help develop a potent radioprotector of desired efficacy.

scholarly journals Current Status and Future Perspectives of Liquid Biopsy in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Patricia Mondelo-Macía ◽  
Jorge García-González ◽  
Luis León-Mateos ◽  
Adrián Castillo-García ◽  
Rafael López-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Tumor Biopsy ◽  
Future Utility

Approximately 19% of all cancer-related deaths are due to lung cancer, which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) affects approximately 15% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. SCLC is characterized by aggressiveness; the majority of SCLC patients present with metastatic disease, and less than 5% of patients are alive at 5 years. The gold standard of SCLC treatment is platinum and etoposide-based chemotherapy; however, its effects are short. In recent years, treatment for SCLC has changed; new drugs have been approved, and new biomarkers are needed for treatment selection. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive, rapid, repeated and alternative tool to the traditional tumor biopsy that could allow the most personalized medicine into the management of SCLC patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are the most commonly used liquid biopsy biomarkers. Some studies have reported the prognostic factors of CTCs and cfDNA in SCLC patients, independent of the stage. In this review, we summarize the recent SCLC studies of CTCs, cfDNA and other liquid biopsy biomarkers, and we discuss the future utility of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of SCLC.

scholarly journals Higher EU-TIRADS-Score Correlated with BRAF V600E Positivity in the Early Stage of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2304
Author(s):  
Karolina Skubisz ◽  
Joanna Januszkiewicz-Caulier ◽  
Patrycja Cybula ◽  
Elwira Bakuła-Zalewska ◽  
Krzysztof Goryca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Ion Proton ◽  
Indolent Disease ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The data demonstrating a correlation between sonographic markers of malignancy of thyroid cancer (TC) and its genetic status are scarce. This study aimed to assess whether the addition of genetic analysis at the preoperative step of TC patients’ stratification could aid their clinical management. The material consisted of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor fragments of 49 patients who underwent thyroidectomy during the early stages of papillary TC (PTC). Tumor DNA and RNA were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) on Ion Proton using the Oncomine™ Comprehensive Assay panel. We observed a significant correlation between BRAF V600E and a higher EU-TIRADS score (p-value = 0.02) with a correlation between hypoechogenicity and taller-than-wide tumor shape in analysed patients. There were no other significant associations between the identified genetic variants and other clinicopathological features. For TC patient’s stratification, a strong suspicion of BRAF V600E negativity in preoperative management of TC patients could limit the over-treatment of asymptomatic, very low-risk, indolent disease and leave room for active surveillance.

scholarly journals Impact of [18F]FDG-PET and [18F]FLT-PET-Parameters in Patients with Suspected Relapse of Irradiated Lung Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Tine N. Christensen ◽  
Seppo W. Langer ◽  
Gitte Persson ◽  
Klaus Richter Larsen ◽  
Annemarie G. Amtoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Flt Pet ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Induced Changes

Radiation-induced changes may cause a non-malignant high 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG)-uptake. The 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine (FLT)-PET/CT performs better in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory changes and lung lesions with a higher specificity than FDG-PET/CT. We investigated the association between post-radiotherapy FDG-PET-parameters, FLT-PET-parameters, and outcome. Sixty-one patients suspected for having a relapse after definitive radiotherapy for lung cancer were included. All the patients had FDG-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT. FDG-PET- and FLT-PET-parameters were collected from within the irradiated high-dose volume (HDV) and from recurrent pulmonary lesions. For associations between PET-parameters and relapse status, respectively, the overall survival was analyzed. Thirty patients had a relapse, of these, 16 patients had a relapse within the HDV. FDG-SUVmax and FLT-SUVmax were higher in relapsed HDVs compared with non-relapsed HDVs (median FDG-SUVmax: 12.8 vs. 4.2; p < 0.001; median FLT-SUVmax 3.9 vs. 2.2; p < 0.001). A relapse within HDV had higher FDG-SUVpeak (median FDG-SUVpeak: 7.1 vs. 3.5; p = 0.014) and was larger (median metabolic tumor volume (MTV50%): 2.5 vs. 0.7; 0.014) than the relapsed lesions outside of HDV. The proliferative tumor volume (PTV50%) was prognostic for the overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.07 pr cm3 [1.01–1.13]; p = 0.014) in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis. FDG-SUVmax and FLT-SUVmax may be helpful tools for differentiating the relapse from radiation-induced changes, however, they should not be used definitively for relapse detection.

scholarly journals Risk factors for radiation-induced lung injury in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: implication for treatment strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Sha ◽  
Jigang Dong ◽  
Maoyu Wang ◽  
Ziyu Chen ◽  
Peng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radiotherapy Dose ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Abstract Background The radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS) is very common in clinical settings; we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of RILI in NSCLS patients, to provide insights into the treatment of NSCLS. Methods NSCLC patients undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in our hospital from June 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, were included. The characteristics and treatments of RILI and non-RILI patients were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC. Results A total of 126 NSCLC patients were included; the incidence of RILI in NSCLC patients was 35.71%. There were significant differences in diabetes, smoke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy dose, and planning target volume (PTV) between the RILI group and the non-RILI group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that diabetes (OR 3.076, 95%CI 1.442~5.304), smoke (OR 2.745, 95%CI 1.288~4.613), COPD (OR 3.949, 95%CI 1.067~5.733), concurrent chemotherapy (OR 2.072, 95%CI 1.121~3.498), radiotherapy dose ≥ 60 Gy (OR 3.841, 95%CI 1.932~5.362), and PTV ≥ 396 (OR 1.247, 95%CI 1.107~1.746) were the independent risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC (all P < 0.05). Conclusions RILI is commonly seen in NSCLS patients; early targeted measures are warranted for patients with those risk factors; future studies with larger sample sizes and different areas are needed to further elucidate the influencing factors of RILI in the treatment of NSCLS.

scholarly journals The Role of Radiation Induced Injury on Lung Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Puukila ◽  
Christopher Thome ◽  
Antone Brooks ◽  
Gayle Woloschak ◽  
Douglas Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document