Multidimensionality of Spirituality: A Qualitative Study among Secular Individuals

This study examines the multidimensionality of spirituality by comparing the applicability of two models—the five-dimensional model of religiosity by Huber that we have extended with a sixth dimension of ethics and the three-dimensional spirituality model by Bucher. This qualitative study applied a semi-structured interview guideline of spirituality to a stratified sample of N = 48 secular individuals in Switzerland. To test these two models, frequency, valence, and contingency analysis of Mayring’s qualitative content analysis were used. It could be shown that Bucher’s three-dimensional model covers only about half of the spirituality codes in the interviews; it is especially applicable for implicit and salient spiritual aspects in general, as well as for spiritual experience in specific. In contrast, the extended six-dimensional model by Huber could be applied to almost all of the spirituality-relevant codes. Therefore, in principle, the scope of this six-dimensional model can be expanded to spirituality. The results are discussed in the context of future development of a multidimensional spirituality scale that is based on Huber’s Centrality of Religiosity by extending the religiosity concept to spirituality without mutually excluding these concepts from each other.

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Adaptive Algorithm Recommendation and Application of Learning Resources in English Fragmented Reading

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2021/5592534 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Jinyu Cheng ◽

Hong Wang

Keyword(s):

English Learners ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Learning Resources ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Learning Context ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

English Reading ◽

Five Dimensional Model

This paper firstly designs a five-dimensional model of learners’ characteristics (learners’ English reading ability, cognitive style, learning goal, learning situation, and learning effect) and a three-dimensional model of English reading resources’ characteristics (question types, topics, and difficulty of resources) in a fragmented learning environment through literature research. At the same time, to make the learning resources meet the characteristics of fragmented learning time and space, the English Level 4 reading resources are reasonably designed and segmented to adapt to the needs of learners’ mobile fragmented learning. Then, combined with machine learning algorithms, an adaptive recommendation model of learning resources in English fragmented reading is constructed. The algorithm-based adaptive recommendation algorithm for English fragmented reading resources is designed. Based on the generated decision trees, the expression rules are parsed to achieve adaptive pushing of resources. The results of this study show that adaptive recommendation of learning resources in English fragmented reading can help teachers to develop future resource recommendation strategies through effective data collection to adaptively push resources that are close to learners’ individual needs. The use of mobile by English learners to learn to read in a fragmented learning context enables targeted training in weak areas of English reading, thus enhancing different aspects of learners’ reading skills.

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Automobility—A Social Problem and Theoretical Concept

Environment and Planning D Society and Space ◽

10.1068/d222t ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 593-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Jörg Beckmann

Keyword(s):

Social Role ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Theoretical Concept ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Dominant Type ◽

The Social ◽

Theoretical Assumptions ◽

Almost All

In this paper, I explore automobility as the dominant type of contemporary everyday mobility. I critically review recent attempts to conceptualise the social role of cars and subsequently suggest a three-dimensional model to theorise automobility further as a modern mobility paradigm. This theory of automobility assigns central importance to the subjects, the vehicles, and the spatiotemporalities that are involved in, and produced by, the car-system. For the purpose of outlining the content and internal dependencies of this three-dimensional model, I make use of theoretical assumptions gleaned from transport geography, modernisation theory, as well as the sociology of technology. Furthermore, I argue that a somewhat orthodox form of automobilisation has become reflexive in the course of a growing public recognition of the inherent threats of the car to culture and nature. Under reflexive automobilisation almost all ‘auto-subjects’ are engaged in defining, interpreting, and responding to ‘auto-risks’. They do not necessarily do this, however, in a self-critical fashion. Instead of fostering the rise of a different, postautomotive mobility paradigm, their responses often merely lead to a reproduction of traditional ‘auto-scapes’.

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Gwadar Opening and its Manipulative Intertextual Portrayal in the English Newspaper Editorials of Pakistan

Global Language Review ◽

10.31703/glr.2020(v-iii).23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V (III) ◽

pp. 218-231

Author(s):

Sadia Siddiq ◽

Muhammad Uzair

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Text Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

The Core ◽

Appraisal Analysis ◽

Newspaper Editorials

Unnoticeable maneuverings via the practice of intertextual capitals do snip their existence in the editorials, which ordinary readers may well discover difficult to locate. The picture turns out to be additionally complicated when associated with nationwide affairs of vast magnitude. To bound the expected manipulation of the informative plans given to the readers through the editorials, the current qualitative study mounted to scrutinize editorials of two leading Pakistani English newspapers wherein the researcher situated and inspected the occurrences of tricky usage of intertextual capitals applying appraisal analysis at the core of text analysis within Fairclough's three-dimensional model. The outcomes of intertextual study reveal significant and devious use of intertextual strategies and instruments by the newspapers to support and propagate their particular ideologies and plans

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