scholarly journals Hate in a Tweet: Exploring Internet-Based Islamophobic Discourses

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Evolvi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
European Union ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
News Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Western Values

Islamophobia is the unfounded hostility against Muslims. While anti-Muslim feelings have been explored from many perspectives and in different settings, Internet-based Islamophobia remains under-researched. What are the characteristics of online Islamophobia? What are the differences (if any) between online and offline anti-Muslim narratives? This article seeks to answer these questions through a qualitative analysis of tweets written in the aftermath of the 2016 British referendum on European Union membership (also known as “Brexit”), which was followed by a surge of Islamophobic episodes. The analysis of the tweets suggests that online Islamophobia largely enhances offline anti-Islam discourses, involving narratives that frame Muslims as violent, backward, and unable to adapt to Western values. Islamophobic tweets also have some peculiar characteristics: they foster global networks, contain messages written by so-called “trolls” and “bots,” and contribute to the spreading of “fake news.” The article suggests that, in order to counteract online Islamophobia, it is important to take into account the networked connections among social media, news media platforms, and offline spaces.

scholarly journals Infodemia – an Analysis of Fake News in Polish News Portals and Traditional Media During the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Malwina Popiołek ◽  
Monika Hapek ◽  
Marzena Barańska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
News Media ◽  
News Item ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
False Information ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
The Media

The article addresses the issue of the presence of false information on coronavirus in the Polish news media between January and September 2020. The research aimed to check the extent to which traditional media participate in disinformation processes during the pandemic. An attempt has also been made at explaining the reasons for the publication of fake news in these media. Sources of information that Poles use most often were examined: popular information portals, traditional media websites, and social media (Facebook and Twitter). The article analyses false information in both quantitative and qualitative terms. A total of 101 pieces of false information made available online were diagnosed, of which every fourth news item (25.74%) appeared in opinion-forming media (three most popular news portals and all traditional media were taken into account). The qualitative analysis shows that publishing false information in the opinion-forming media is the result of changes in the journalistic work environment (especially declining standards of work, a desire to attract the attention of the media audience and the pursuit of the media organisations’ own interests). However, this issue requires further research in editorial offices and among journalists.

scholarly journals Advancing children’s news media literacy: learning from the practices and experiences of young Australians

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-707
Author(s):  
Tanya Notley ◽  
Michael Dezuanni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Literacy Learning ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Media Literacy Education ◽  
Nationally Representative

Social media use has redefined the production, experience and consumption of news media. These changes have made verifying and trusting news content more complicated and this has led to a number of recent flashpoints for claims and counter-claims of ‘fake news’ at critical moments during elections, natural disasters and acts of terrorism. Concerns regarding the actual and potential social impact of fake news led us to carry out the first nationally representative survey of young Australians’ news practices and experiences. Our analysis finds that while social media is one of young people’s preferred sources of news, they are not confident about spotting fake news online and many rarely or never check the source of news stories. Our findings raise important questions regarding the need for news media literacy education – both in schools and in the home. Therefore, we consider the historical development of news media literacy education and critique the relevance of dominant frameworks and pedagogies currently in use. We find that news media has become neglected in media literacy education in Australia over the past three decades, and we propose that current media literacy frameworks and pedagogies in use need to be rethought for the digital age.

scholarly journals The Brexit Botnet and User-Generated Hyperpartisan News

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco T. Bastos ◽  
Dan Mercea
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The United Kingdom

In this article, we uncover a network of Twitterbots comprising 13,493 accounts that tweeted the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, only to disappear from Twitter shortly after the ballot. We compare active users to this set of political bots with respect to temporal tweeting behavior, the size and speed of retweet cascades, and the composition of their retweet cascades (user-to-bot vs. bot-to-bot) to evidence strategies for bot deployment. Our results move forward the analysis of political bots by showing that Twitterbots can be effective at rapidly generating small- to medium-sized cascades; that the retweeted content comprises user-generated hyperpartisan news, which is not strictly fake news, but whose shelf life is remarkably short; and, finally, that a botnet may be organized in specialized tiers or clusters dedicated to replicating either active users or content generated by other bots.

scholarly journals Analysis on Fake News Detection Methodologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1572-1575
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Online News ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Real ◽  
Online Social Media

Fake news is a coinage often used to refer to fabricated news that uses eye-catching headlines for increased sales rather than legitimate well-researched news, spread via online social media. Emergence of fake news has been increased with the immense use of online news media and social media. Low cost, easy access and rapid dissemination of information lead people to consume news from social media. Since the spread rate of these contents are faster it becomes difficult to identify the fake news from the accurate information. People can download articles from sites, share the content, re-share from others and by the end of the day the false information has gone far from its original site that it becomes very difficult to compare with the real news. It is a long standing problem that affects the digital social media due to its serious threats of misleading information, it creates an immense impact on the society. Hence the identification of such news are relevant and so certain measures needs to be taken in order to reduce or distinguish between the real and fake news. This paper provides a survey on recent past research papers done on this domain and provides an idea on different techniques on machine learning and deep learning that could help in the identification of fake and real news.

How Fake News Differs From Personal Lies

2020 ◽  
pp. 000276422091024
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Chiu ◽  
Yu Won Oh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
News Article ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The People ◽  
School Curricula

Personal lies (girl on date lying to dad) and fake news ( Obama Bans Pledge of Allegiance) both deceive but in different ways, so they require different detection methods. People in long-term relationships try to tell undetectable lies to encourage, often, audience inaction. In contrast, unattached fake news welcome attention and try to ignite audience action. Thus, they differ in six ways: (a) speaker–audience relationship, (b) goal, (c) emotion, (d) information, (e) number of participants, and (f) citation of sources. To detect personal lies, a person can use their intimate relationship to heighten emotions, raise the stakes, and ask for more information, participants, or sources. In contrast, a person evaluates the legitimacy of potential fake news by examining the websites of its author, the people in the news article, and/or reputable media sources. Large social media companies have suitable expertise, data, and resources to reduce fake news. Search tools, rival news media links to one another’s articles, encrypted signature links, and improved school curricula might also help users detect fake news.

Chillin’ Effects of Fake News: Changes in Practices Related to Accountability and Transparency in American Newsrooms Under the Influence of Misinformation and Accusations Against the News Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 107769902098478
Author(s):  
Hong Tien Vu ◽  
Magdalena Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
Role Conceptions ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study examines how newsroom work in the United States has changed in response to some of the latest developments in the news media environment. Using nationally representative survey data, we explore what professional routines American journalists have adopted to avoid spreading or being accused of publishing misinformation. Findings suggest that journalists have added new or intensified practices to increase accountability and transparency. In addition, role conceptions, perception of fake news, and responsibility for social media audiences impact the adoption of such practices. Journalists are more likely to embrace transparency than accountability, suggesting the emergence of new journalistic norms in today’s newsrooms.

scholarly journals Spread of health-related fake news in Tamil social media - A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
R Dharshanram ◽  
P D Madan Kumar ◽  
P Iyapparaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Enterprise Application ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
Gum Disease

Introduction: Fake news is a type of propaganda that consists of deliberate misinformation or hoaxes spread through traditional print and broadcast news media or online social media. Fake news concerning health subject is not a new phenomenon - its roots are probably as old as healthcare itself. Aim: This study aims to measure the volume of shares concerning health-related fake news in Tamil language social media. Materials and Methods: Analysis was performed employing the BuzzFeed Enterprise Application available through its website. BuzzFeed is a social media analytics and curation tool for content marketers. The data were obtained for 15 most commonly shared pages concerning four keywords, namely vaccinations, oral cancer, gum disease, and dental caries from May 1, 2018, to May 15, 2018, in Tamil language, the local vernacular. Results: The topic most contaminated with fake news was vaccinations (80%) followed by oral cancer and gum disease (both in 60%). Altogether, links containing fake news were shared 272 times in 15 days and accounted for 40% of the studied material. Conclusion: Action could be taken to scientifically evaluate sources of the most frequently shared medical myths. As shown above, some topics were generally free of fake news, whereas others were extremely biased and filled with fallacies. Thus, an extensive educational campaign (not only in social media) for the latter should be implemented.

scholarly journals Influencing Opinions through False Online Information : A Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Baldev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
The People ◽  
Information Detection ◽  
Fake Reviews

Online Social media generates lot of information now-a-days. It is not legitimate information so there are the chances of fake and false information produced using social media. It is very alarming that majority of the people getting news from social media which is very much prone to false information in comparison to traditional news media which is very dangerous to the society. One of the primary reasons to influence opinion through false information is to earn money, name or fame. In this study, the focus is on to highlight false information generated through fake reviews, fake news and hoaxes based on web & social media. It summarized various False information spreading Mechanisms, False Information Detection Algorithms, Mining Techniques for Online False Information to detect and prevent false online information.

scholarly journals Uso de las redes sociales en la cobertura periodística de crisis, desastres y emergencias en España = Use of social media in news media coverage of the crisis, disaster, and emergencies in Spain

2019 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Mayo Cubero
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
The One

Resumen: El manejo de las fuentes informativas en la cobertura periodística de las crisis supone un enorme desafío para los periodistas. Esta investigación se enfoca concretamente en el uso como fuente informativa de las redes sociales oficiales (las pertenecientes a las organizaciones involucradas en la gestión de una crisis) y las no oficiales (víctimas, afectados, ciudadanos, etc.) en coberturas de emergencias y desastres. Los datos proceden de una encuesta online aplicada a los directores de los 30 medios de comunicación más relevantes de España en los cuatro soportes estudiados: televisión, radio, prensa y prensa digital. Los resultados demuestran que, en la cobertura periodística de las crisis, los periodistas confían mucho en la información de la Web oficial (Administraciones públicas, Policía, Bomberos, Protección Civil, etc.), bastante en la procedente de las redes sociales oficiales y poco en la suministrada por las RR.SS. no oficiales (víctimas, afectados, ciudadanos, etc.). De todas las redes sociales oficiales analizadas: Facebook es la que menos confianza inspira a los periodistas como fuente informativa en un contexto actual marcado por el riesgo de las fake news y la desinformación. En cuanto a la finalidad, la mayoría de los periodistas emplean la información de las redes sociales o RR.SS. para contrastar y conseguir contactos.Palabras clave: redes sociales; crisis; desastre; comunicación; fuente; confianza; medios; Twitter.Abstract: The use of sources of information in news media coverage of the crises is a huge challenge for journalists. This research focuses specifically on the use as an informative source of official social media (those belonging to organizations involved in the management of a crisis) and unofficial social media (victims, affected, citizens, etc.) in emergency and disaster coverage. The data comes from an online survey applied to the directors of the 30 most important media in Spain in the four-mass media studied: television, radio, press and online media. The results show that in journalistic coverage of crises, journalists rely a lot on the information from the official website (Public administrations, Police, Firefighters, Civil Defense, etc.), quite a bit on the one coming from the official social media and little in that provided by the unofficial social media (victims, affected, citizens, etc.). Of all the official social networks analyzed: Facebook is the one that inspires less confidence as a source for journalists, in a current context marked by the risk of fake news and misinformation. Regarding the purpose, most journalists use information from social media to verify news stories and get contacts.Keywords: social media; crisis; disaster; communication; source; trust; online media; Twitter.

scholarly journals TRUST IN TAIWAN’S MEDIA ECOLOGY, AUDIENCE AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT: 2018 TAIWANESE LOCAL ELECTIONS AND NATIONAL REFERENDA AS A CASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pai-Lin Chen ◽  
Yu-Chung Cheng ◽  
Wen-Cheng Fu ◽  
Trisha T.C Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Online News ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Relationship

This panel presents four papers aiming to examine the significance of the 2018 elections and referenda to Taiwan from the perspectives of instant news, social media, the relationship between online and offline behaviors of citizens, and socially mediated activism. The authors explored media ecology, trust issues toward the audience and civic engagements of these elections and referenda. The research methods of studies presented in this panel are also diverse, ranging from computational methods, national survey, to in-depth semi-structured interview. The first paper investigates how the online news media construct “liquid reality” in the election-related contents by analyzing instant news from five major online news media outlets in Taiwan. The second paper analyzes the election-related Twitter data by topic modeling and identifies issues, in which “fake news” was in play, and how social trust influence fake news sharing on social media was further discussed. The third paper characterize how the election-related information on social media influenced the offline behavior of the political participants by conducting a nation-wide survey to examine correlation between the online political information consumption behavior and the motivation to participate in real-life political activities. The fourth paper focuses on the relationship among socially mediated activism, fake news, and trust in social media in the referenda of same-sex marriage issues. By interviewing advocacy groups, third-party fact-checking organizations, governmental authorities, and social media platforms, the response strategies to the negative influence of fake news on social activism and vulnerable groups are explored.  

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