scholarly journals On the Possibilities of Critical Raw Materials Production from the EU’s Primary Sources

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ewa Lewicka ◽  
Katarzyna Guzik ◽  
Krzysztof Galos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Availability ◽  
Critical Mineral ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Sufficient supplies of critical raw materials (CRMs) for rapidly developing technologies, e.g., Li-ion batteries, wind turbines, photovoltaics, digitization, etc., have become one of the main economic challenges for the EU. Due to growing import dependency and associated risk of supply disruptions of these raw materials from third countries, there is a need to encourage their domestic production. This is an important starting point for EU value chains crucial for the sustainable economic growth of the whole Union. This contribution has evaluated the possibilities of CRMs supply from the EU’s primary sources. A three-step approach, including an assessment of CRMs’ importance for the EU’s economic growth, their significance in at least two of the three strategic industrial sectors (i.e., renewable energy, e-mobility, defense and aerospace), and their potential availability from EU mineral deposits, has been applied. Results of the analysis have shown that, of 29 critical mineral raw materials (according to the 2020 EC list), the potential to develop manufacturing from the Union mineral deposits exists for 11 CRMs, i.e., cobalt, graphite (natural), HREE, LREE, lithium, magnesium, niobium, PGMs, silicon metal, titanium, and tungsten, while some other CRMs, namely gallium, germanium, indium, and vanadium can be recovered as by-products. Measures to mitigate EU import dependency have been also proposed.

scholarly journals BIORECOVER - New Bio-based Technologies for Recapture of Critical Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Alcasabas ◽  
Felicity Massingberd-Mundy ◽  
Barbara Breeze ◽  
Maite Ruiz Pérez ◽  
Cristina Martínez García
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
End Users ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Downstream Processes ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

BIORECOVER brings together diverse expertise with the goal of developing a new sustainable and safe process, essentially based on biotechnology, for selective extraction of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) rare earth elements, magnesium, and PGM. The four-year EU H2020 project involves fourteen international partners from mining, microbiology, chemistry, engineering, metallurgy, sustainable process development, as well as CRM end-users. Starting from relevant unexploited secondary and primary sources of CRMs, BIORECOVER will develop and integrate three stages for CRM extraction – (1) Removal of major impurities present in raw materials and (2) Mobilisation of CRMs through use of microorganisms and (3) Development of specific technologies for recovering metals with high selectivity and purity that meet the quality requirements for reuse. Downstream processes will be developed and recovered metals will be assessed by end-users. Modelling and integration of the modular stages and economic and environmental assessment will be done to develop the most effective and sustainable process.

Sustainable Economic Growth and the Role of Natural Capital

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Helm
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Capital Maintenance ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
Microeconomic Foundations

The conventional economic approaches to economic growth have focused on macroeconomic aggregates and on neoclassical microeconomic foundations; on flows rather than stocks; and on utility rather than capabilities. This chapter presents an alternative asset-based approach, focused on balance sheets and capital maintenance. The starting point is the assets necessary to provide the capability for consumers and businesses to participate in the economy. Many of these are infrastructures and public goods, and among these natural capital plays a central role. The depletion of natural capital in the twentieth century, notably the atmosphere and biodiversity, has overstated economic growth and left a legacy of capital maintenance and enhancement. The chapter defines the rules for a sustainable economic growth path, incorporating natural capital.

Carrier Flotation: State of the Art and its Potential for the Separation of Fine and Ultrafine Mineral Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 959 ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Eckert ◽  
Edgar Schach ◽  
Gunter Gerbeth ◽  
Martin Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are of primary importance for energy storage systems as needed for electromobility. Many mineral deposits which contain CRMs are low-grade ores. To liberate the CRMs, a grinding of the mineral ores to very fine sizes below 20 µm particle size is necessary. However, the present class of industrial flotation plants fail to extract such fine and ultrafine particles. To improve the recovery in fine particle flotation, techniques have been developed which attempt to agglomerate the fine valuable particles into larger aggregates which subsequently can be separated by established technologies such as froth flotation. Carrier flotation is one of these techniques. The present work reviews the state of the art of this technique for the recovery of fines and ultrafines.

scholarly journals Drivers and Barriers for a Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in Poland—A Case Study of Raw Materials Recovery Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Marzena Smol ◽  
Paulina Marcinek ◽  
Eugeniusz Koda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Level ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Materials Recovery

Mobilizing industry and transforming industrial sectors to a circular economy (CE) is one of the key areas of activities in the European Green Deal (EGD)—the newest strategy of economic growth in European Union (EU). In the CE, the raw materials that can be recovered from various waste streams play a key role, therefore, recommendations for their management were developed, both at the European and national level. In Poland, the raw material recovery sector is one of the strategic sectors (key industries) described in several documents determining the further directions of economic growth in the country. This paper presents the revision of these documents and guidelines for the implementation of the CE in the raw material recovery sector. The scope of the paper also includes a description of the current state of the raw materials recovery sector and its return, supported by the analysis of drivers and barriers in its further development. In previous years, a dynamic development of the recovery industry was observed, followed by formation of new companies (dominated by medium-sized companies comprising ~50% of entities in the sector) and increasing amount of people employed (~70,700 people). A growing level of processing of secondary raw materials with the use of more and more innovative technologies has been observed, which could contribute to the improvement of the level of innovation of the national economy. There also some barriers, such as the lack of sufficiently developed industrial symbiosis (IS) and long-term support for the implementation of recovery technologies. The growing ecological awareness of society and enterprises themselves, as well as the growing belief in the importance of resource recovery for environmental protection, suggest the possibility of subsequent development of the raw materials recovery sector. Further actions in this field will be taken to strengthen the implementation of the CE in the country.

Advancing Ceramics Glaze Formulation with Existing Software Technology Using Locally Available Raw Materials in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Samuel Adelabu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Software Technology ◽  
Ceramic Glaze ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The application of glazes on clay-based ceramic products has been identified as one of the best form of ceramic decorations. This can be attributed to its characteristic to lend aesthetic value to ceramic products and also to render them more durable, useful and hygienic. This paper reports an investigation on the development of new ceramic glaze recipes by means of selected glaze software packages using locally available raw materials in Nigeria. For the achievement of this study, survey methods, material oxide analysis, as well as kiln firings have been used. The results established the possibility of using existing glaze software in Nigeria so as to derive new recipes from old ones by using local material analyses database. The study indicates that with recent technological solutions, local raw materials can be properly identified and maximally utilized for a nation’s industrial development and sustainable economic growth.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIABEL FUNDAMENTAL DAN MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP EKSPOSUR EKONOMI (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2015-2017 )

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Yoseva Maria Pujirahayu Sumaji
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Globalization is growing rapidly, inter-state economic relations will become intertwined and increase flow of trade of goods and money as well as capital between countries. Changes in macroeconomic indicators occurring in other countries will indirectly impact the country’s economic indicators. Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest potential land for the development of industrial sectors. This is related to the many resources in Indonesia for both raw materials and labour. The results of Indonesia’s manufacturing industry increasingly propagate into world markets. The Central Statistic Agency (BPS) records the Indonesian economy in cumulative growth of 5.78 percent in 2013. The achievement of Indonesia’s economic growth is still far below China and India, however, in terms of economic growth, Indonesia is among the three major. The number of middle class citizens reached 36 million people and was relatively productive. While the manufacturing industry becomes an important component to economic exposure (study on the IDX-listed manufacturing company 2015-2017). There are 120 non-financial companies in Indonesia. The sampling technique in this study is nonprobability sampling (unrandomized withdrawal of samples). The data collection technique in this study is to use the documentation method published by the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The analysis of the research data includes descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistical analysis and hypothesis testing.

scholarly journals Recent Advancements in Metallurgical Processing of Marine Minerals

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ochromowicz ◽  
Kurt Aasly ◽  
Przemyslaw B. Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Metallurgical Processing ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Extraction Of Metals ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Polymetallic manganese nodules (PMN), cobalt-rich manganese crusts (CRC) and seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) have been identified as important resources of economically valuable metals and critical raw materials. The currently proposed mineral processing operations are based on metallurgical approaches applied for land resources. Thus far, significant endeavors have been carried out to describe the extraction of metals from PMN; however, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it lacks a thorough review on recent developments in processing of CRC and SMS. This paper begins with an overview of each marine mineral. It is followed by a systematic review of common methods used for extraction of metals from marine mineral deposits. In this review, we update the information published so far in peer-reviewed and technical literature, and briefly provide the future perspectives for processing of marine mineral deposits.

Oil, Rates and Inflation

2005 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
E. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Percentage Points

Currency inflow in Russia from raw materials exports allows taking into account high business activity to assimilate growing money supply transforming it into economic growth. Fall in business activity as a result of pressure on business led to saturation of demand for money. This considerably increases the danger of inflation growth and requires sterilization of excess money supply including the usage of the Stabilization Fund. According to the author's estimates, corresponding losses in GDP growth will equal 1-2 percentage points per year.

Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Sustainable Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 749-773
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Porter Hypothesis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

There is considerable concern and debate about the economic impacts of environmental regulations. Jonathan Fisher, former Economics Manager at the Environment Agency in England and Wales, reviews the available evidence on this subject. Section 2 presents estimates of the costs and benefits of environmental regulations. Section 3 examines the impacts of environmental regulations on economic growth, innovation and technical change as well as impacts on competitiveness and any movement of businesses to less pollution havens. He questions call for greater certainty regarding future environmental regulations, whereas in fact there should be calls for less uncertainty. This section then suggests how this could be achieved. This section then finishes with an overview of the available evidence. This includes an examination of the Porter Hypothesis that environmental regulations can trigger greater innovation that may partially or more than fully offset the compliance costs. Section 4 then sets out principles for how better environmental regulation can improve its impacts on sustainable economic growth and illustrates how the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive is a good example of the application of these principles in practice. Section 5 reviews current and recent political perspectives regarding developments in environmental regulations across the EU and shows how the United Kingdom (UK) has successfully positively managed to influence such developments so that EU environmental regulations now incorporate many of these principles to improve their impacts on economic growth. Section 5.1 then examines the implications of Brexit for UK environmental regulations. Finally, Section 6 sets out some best practice principles to improve the impacts of environmental regulation on sustainable economic growth, innovation and technical change.

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