scholarly journals A Long-Term Fine-Resolution Record of AVHRR Surface Temperatures for the Laurentian Great Lakes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Charles White ◽  
Andrew Heidinger ◽  
Steven Ackerman ◽  
Peter McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Fine Resolution ◽  
Observation Times ◽  
The Impact

Inland waters are warming at highly variable rates that often differ from regional air temperature trends. This variable warming is partially attributable to an individual lake’s geographical and morphological characteristics. In very large lakes, significant intralake variability in long-term warming trends has also been observed. In light of this intralake and interlake heterogeneity of lake surface water temperature (LSWT) and LSWT trends, we revisit the 1.1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) record for the Laurentian Great Lakes. In this work, we have assembled a long-term (1986–2016) and high-spatial-resolution (0.018°) daily LSWT dataset using AVHRR record. Subtracting an empirically-determined mean diurnal cycle mitigates the effects of varying observation times. Adjustments in the georegistration of the images are made to reduce the impact of AVHRR navigational errors on the earlier platforms. Both the original daily composites, and a gap-filled product using locally weighted interpolation methods will be made available to support fine-scale physical and environmental research in the region.

Long-term primary production trends in the Laurentian Great Lakes: a comparison of geochemical methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan D. Reavie ◽  
Meijun Cai ◽  
Carsten Meyer-Jacob ◽  
John P. Smol ◽  
Josef P. Werne
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes

scholarly journals Assessment of impact of climate change on water resources: a long term analysis of the Great Lakes of North America

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. McBean ◽  
H. Motiee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the threshold of the appearance of global warming from theory to reality, extensive research has focused on predicting the impact of potential climate change on water resources using results from Global Circulation Models (GCMs). This research carries this further by statistical analyses of long term meteorological and hydrological data. Seventy years of historical trends in precipitation, temperature, and streamflows in the Great Lakes of North America are developed using long term regression analyses and Mann-Kendall statistics. The results generated by the two statistical procedures are in agreement and demonstrate that many of these variables are experiencing statistically significant increases over a seven-decade period. The trend lines of streamflows in the three rivers of St. Clair, Niagara and St. Lawrence, and precipitation levels over four of the five Great Lakes, show statistically significant increases in flows and precipitation. Further, precipitation rates as predicted using fitted regression lines are compared with scenarios from GCMs and demonstrate similar forecast predictions for Lake Superior. Trend projections from historical data are higher than GCM predictions for Lakes Michigan/Huron. Significant variability in predictions, as developed from alternative GCMs, is noted. Given the general agreement as derived from very different procedures, predictions extrapolated from historical trends and from GCMs, there is evidence that hydrologic changes particularly for the precipitation in the Great Lakes Basin may be demonstrating influences arising from global warming and climate change.

scholarly journals Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Assel ◽  
D.M. Robertson ◽  
M.H. Hoff ◽  
J.H. Selgeby
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Different Parts

Long-term ice records (1823-1994) from six sites in different parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes region were used to show the type and general timing of climatic changes throughout the region. The general timing of both freeze-up and ice loss varies and is driven by local air temperatures, adjacent water bodies and mixing, and site morphometry. Grand Traverse Bay and Buffalo Harbor represent deeper-water environments affected by mixing of off-shore waters; Chequamegon Bay, Menominee, Lake Mendota, and Toronto Harbor represent relatively shallow-water, protected environments. Freeze-up dates gradually became later and ice-loss dates gradually earlier from the start of records to the 1890s in both environments, marking the end of the “Little lce Age”. After this, freeze-up dates remained relatively constant, suggesting little change in early-winter air temperatures during the 20th century. Ice-loss dates at Grand Traverse Bay and Baffalo Harbor but not at the other sites became earlier during the 1940s and 1970s and became later during the 1960s. The global warming of the 1980s was marked by a trend toward earlier ice-loss dates in both environments.

scholarly journals Resilience to childhood adversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Catherine Anne Wassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Mitigating Factor ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Despite being linked to several negative long-term physical and psychological pathologies in adulthood, childhood adversity elicits variable responses in the sufferer. When searching for explanations for this heterogeneity, the concept of resilience has been postulated as a potential mitigating factor. Gene-environmental interactions are a promising avenue in the study of resilience. The premise of gene-environmental research is that interindividual variability in the response to an environmental stressor is due to an individual’s genetic make-up exacerbating or buffering the impact of that stressor. Herein, gene-environmental findings are illustrated in the context of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many of the gene loci found to interact with childhood adversity influence both depression and PTSD possibly due to the high degree of shared heritability between these psychopathologies. Variation in the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4, and in FKBP5, a gene coding for a glucocorticoid receptor binding protein, interacts with childhood adversity to influence the development and symptomology of depression and of PTSD. Findings in the field of gene-environmental interactions has led to a proposed 3-hit model whereby 3 hits, genetics, early life experiences and later life stressors, interact to determine whether an individual is vulnerable or resilient to the development of psychopathology. As limitations with the current research are addressed and complementary lines of research are integrated, the insight gained on childhood adversity has the potential to better predict children at risk of the long-term sequelae of adversity and to inform potential intervention and prevention strategies.

The Implications of Climate Change for the Actuarial Profession. A Discussion Meeting

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
To Come ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTIONIn our role, as actuaries, as long-term risk managers, climate change may have a considerable impact on some of our work, and, at the very least, we need to be able to answer clients' questions on the issue. The aim of this meeting is to come to a consensus on what that impact might be and how it can be managed. The impact on society and on the economy of climate change is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. We need to ascertain the risks; what they are, the degree of uncertainty, the potential magnitude and the time frame.Earlier, the Environmental Research Group of the Actuarial Profession had conducted a survey of actuaries on climate change and its implications, by means of a questionnaire. The analysis of this questionnaire is printed here, as an indication of the reactions of those actuaries who responded.

scholarly journals Predicting and comparing three corrective techniques for sagittal craniosynostosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Cross ◽  
Roman H. Khonsari ◽  
Dawid Larysz ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Lars Kölby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Sagittal Synostosis ◽  
Sagittal Craniosynostosis ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSagittal synostosis is the most occurring form of craniosynostosis, resulting in calvarial deformation and possible long-term neurocognitive deficits. Several surgical techniques have been developed to correct these issues. Debates as to the most optimal approach are still ongoing. Finite element method is a computational tool that’s shown to assist with the management of craniosynostosis. The aim of this study was to compare and predict the outcomes of three reconstruction methods for sagittal craniosynostosis. Here, a generic finite element model was developed based on a patient at 4 months of age and was virtually reconstructed under all three different techniques. Calvarial growth was simulated to predict the skull morphology and the impact of different reconstruction techniques on the brain growth up to 60 months of age. Predicted morphology was then compared with in vivo and literature data. Our results show a promising resemblance to morphological outcomes at follow up. Morphological characteristics between considered techniques were also captured in our predictions. Pressure outcomes across the brain highlight the potential impact that different techniques have on growth. This study lays the foundation for further investigation into additional reconstructive techniques for sagittal synostosis with the long-term vision of optimizing the management of craniosynostosis.

Impact of sewage sludge applications on the biogeochemistry of soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Devaney ◽  
M. E. Hodson ◽  
A. R. Godley ◽  
K. Purdy ◽  
S. Yamulki
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Residual Organic Matter

This report describes an investigation into the bioavailability and fate of trace metals and their subsequent impact on important soil microbiological functions such as nitrification, denitrification and methane oxidation in low and high Cu containing soils in the presence and absence of residual organic matter from sewage sludge additions made 10 years earlier. The soils being studied are part of long term sewage sludge trials and include a low Cu soil (13.3 mg Cu/kg soil, 4.18 LOI %), left un-amended to serve as a control soil, soil amended with a high Cu sewage sludge (278.3 mg Cu/kg soil, 6.52 LOI %) and soil amended with a low Cu sewage sludge (46.3 mg Cu/kg soil, 6.18 LOI %). Soil was also amended with inorganic metal salts (273.4 mg Cu/kg soil, 4.52 LOI %) to further investigate the impact of Cu in the absence of additional organic matter contained in applied sewage sludge. Data from the first two years of a project are presented which has included field-based studies at long term sewage sludge trials based in Watlington, Oxford, UK and laboratory based studies at the Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research, North Wyke, Devon, UK.

scholarly journals Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Assel ◽  
D.M. Robertson ◽  
M.H. Hoff ◽  
J.H. Selgeby
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Different Parts

Long-term ice records (1823-1994) from six sites in different parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes region were used to show the type and general timing of climatic changes throughout the region. The general timing of both freeze-up and ice loss varies and is driven by local air temperatures, adjacent water bodies and mixing, and site morphometry. Grand Traverse Bay and Buffalo Harbor represent deeper-water environments affected by mixing of off-shore waters; Chequamegon Bay, Menominee, Lake Mendota, and Toronto Harbor represent relatively shallow-water, protected environments. Freeze-up dates gradually became later and ice-loss dates gradually earlier from the start of records to the 1890s in both environments, marking the end of the “Little lce Age”. After this, freeze-up dates remained relatively constant, suggesting little change in early-winter air temperatures during the 20th century. Ice-loss dates at Grand Traverse Bay and Baffalo Harbor but not at the other sites became earlier during the 1940s and 1970s and became later during the 1960s. The global warming of the 1980s was marked by a trend toward earlier ice-loss dates in both environments.

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