scholarly journals High-Efficiency Determination of Coastline by Combination of Tidal Level and Coastal Zone DEM from UAV Tilt Photogrammetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Huang ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Jianhu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
High Water ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Tidal Level ◽  
Mean High Water ◽  
The Mean

To meet the needs of coastline efficient extraction and dynamic monitoring, this paper proposes a new method for coastline extraction by combining the tidal level and the digital elevation model (DEM) of the coastal zone from tilt photography. Firstly, the DEM of coastal zone was obtained by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography; at the same time, the accuracy of aerial triangulation(AT) is improved referencing to the constraint of water boundary points, and then the mean high water spring tide was obtained by combining tidal harmonic analysis and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tidal level. Finally, the coastline and the dynamic water-surface line are extracted from the DEM of the coastal zone by tracking the contour lines with the elevation of the mean high water springs (MHWS) and the instantaneous sea-surface elevation, respectively. The experiments carried out in the coastal zones of Liaoning Province, China, proved the proposed method and achieved better than 0.2 m of horizontal position accuracy and 0.1 m of the vertical accuracy.

scholarly journals XII. Meteorological Abstract for the Years 1794, 1795, and 1796

1798 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
John Playfair
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Mean High Water ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
The Mean

The Journal of the Weather, of which an abstract is here communicated, has been kept in a house in Windmill Street, on the south side of Edinburgh. The latitude of Edinburgh College, as deduced from a series of astronomical observations made at Hawkhill, is 55° · 57ʹ · 5″ nearly. Windmill Street is about 500 yards farther to the fouth.The barometer used in these observations is a portable one, of the construction invented by Dr Lind, physician at Windsor; the mercury was boiled in the tube, and the scale is divided into the five-hundredth parts of an inch. The place where it stands is 265 feet above the level of the sea, or of the mean high-water mark at Leith. The height of it is marked every morning at 10 o'clock, as well as that of a thermometer, in the same room, which gives the temperature of the mercury.

VII.—Note on the Shore Sand of St. Ives Bay, Cornwall

1909 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
T. Crook ◽  
G. M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Red River ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Considerable Distance ◽  
Mean High Water ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Shell Fragments

The shore and dune sand of St. Ives Bay is typically light-coloured owing to the predominance of calcareous matter in the form of shell fragments, etc. But the actual proportion of the platy shell fragments to the heavier and more granular ingredients of the sand varies considerably, especially within the limits of high- and lowwater marks, as is usually the case. Some of the heavier ingredients are dark-coloured, and may be observed to have been streaked out in bands or aggregated in patches at the surface, where they have been concentrated by the action of the waves. Where heavy minerals abound, tidal action can be seen to have effected a persistent concentration about the mean high-water mark, where the heavier ingredients predominate for at least a foot beneath the surface. Such a band can be easily traced for a considerable distance in the vicinity of the Red River.

THE LANDSCAPE INVESTIGATIONS AS NECESSARY PART OF BIOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE COASTAL ZONE TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICAL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Lapenkov ◽  
Artem Lapenkov ◽  
Yury Zuyev ◽  
Yury Zuyev ◽  
Nadezhda Zuyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Coastal zones have great diversity of resources. The shallow water zones contain the most of plant and benthic communities. A description of relief and type of ground is needed for the rigorous monitoring of biota and environmental condition of coastal zone. Generally, on the basis of these data the investigation methods of the coastal zone are selected. The shallows research strategy has been developed by us for northern part of the Lake Ladoga. If the coastal areas are characterized by great depth and flat topography, then sonar’s can be used to describe them and samples of ground can be taken by bottom grabs. In the Lake Ladoga these methods don’t operate correctly by reason of the compound bottom relief and the fact that a sizeable part of the bottom is occupied by hard ground. Therefore, our investigations base on the diving transect method of Golikov and Skarlato (1965). A diver moves along transects. He registers the depth, length to coastline, water temperature, relief and ground, edificators and records video. In the laboratory all these data are decoded and used for mapping of bays. Studies of plant communities have been performed and strategy for research of benthic communities in complex relief and hard ground conditions has been developed based on the descriptions of shallow waters. Description of the Malay Nikonovskia Bay bottom has given an opportunity to estimate changes in the bottom of the bay under the influence of the trout farm.

scholarly journals New Methodology for Computing the Aircraft’s Position Based on the PPP Method in GPS and GLONASS Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Kamil Krasuski ◽  
Damian Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Research Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Weighting Scheme ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
The Mean

In the field of air navigation, there is a constant pursuit for new navigation solutions for precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning of aircraft. This study aims to present the results of research on the development of a new method for improving the performance of PPP (Precise Point Positioning) positioning in the GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (Globalnaja Nawigacionnaja Sputnikovaya Sistema) systems for air navigation. The research method is based on a linear combination of individual position solutions from the GPS and GLONASS systems. The paper shows a computational scheme based on the linear combination for geocentric XYZ coordinates of an aircraft. The algorithm of the new research method uses the weighted mean method to determine the resultant aircraft position. The research method was tested on GPS and GLONASS kinematic data from an airborne experiment carried out with a Seneca Piper PA34-200T aircraft at the Mielec airport. A dual-frequency dual-system GPS/GLONASS receiver was placed on-board the plane, which made it possible to record GNSS observations, which were then used to calculate the aircraft’s position in CSRS-PPP software. The calculated XYZ position coordinates from the CSRS-PPP software were then used in the weighted mean model’s developed optimization algorithm. The measurement weights are a function of the number of GPS and GLONASS satellites and the inverse of the mean error square. The obtained coordinates of aircraft from the research model were verified with the RTK-OTF solution. As a result of the research, the presented solution’s accuracy is better by 11–87% for the model with a weighting scheme as a function of the inverse of the mean error square. Moreover, using the XYZ position from the RTKLIB program, the research method’s accuracy increases from 45% to 82% for the model with a weighting scheme as a function of the inverse of the square of mean error. The developed method demonstrates high efficiency for improving the performance of GPS and GLONASS solutions for the PPP measurement technology in air navigation.

Size spectra, body width and morphotypes of intertidal nematodes: an ecological interpretation

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tita ◽  
M. Vincx ◽  
G. Desrosiers
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Tidal Level ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sandy Sediments

Nematode species from three intertidal assemblages (St Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada) were studied in order to form an ecological interpretation of three allometric attributes: body width, size spectra, and morphotypes. The three assemblages were characterized by a very similar sediment grain median (Md) but different silt–clay proportions: A1 (upper-tidal level; Md=122 μm; silt=34.8%), A3 (mid-tidal level; Md=182 μm; silt=12.8%), and A5 (lower-tidal level; Md=122 μm; silt=6.8%). Silt–clay proportions were an influential factor in determining the mean nematode body width, used as a morphological discriminant between burrowing and interstitial organisms. A plot of the number of species vs the body width-classes showed two peaks: between 19.3 and 22.6 μm (interstitial), and between 32.0 and 45.5 μm (burrowers). As for the size spectra, in sandy sediments the mean nematode individual biomass was smaller than in muddy sediments. As a consequence, the estimated mean individual respiration rate was greater in muddy (A1=2.26 nl O2 h−1) than sandy sediments (A3=1.25 nl O2 h−1; A5=1.12 nl O2 h−1). In contrast, estimated metabolic ratios were lower in A1 (2.78 nl O2 h−1 μg−1 dry weight, DW) than in A3 (2.95 nl O2 h−1 μg−1 DW) and A5 (3.01 nl O2 h−1 μg−1 DW) suggesting different productivity and/or physiological adaptations to different lifestyles (burrowing vs interstitial) between species inhabiting muddy or sandy sediments. Morphotypes (body width/body length ratio=w/l ratio) were found to be associated with feeding groups. Small w/l ratios were typical of microvores, while greater ratios were typical of epigrowth feeders and predators. Ciliate-feeders, deposit-feeders and facultative predators had intermediate ratios. A morphotype food-related hypothesis is proposed: the species morphotype reflects the quality of exploited food; a small w/l ratio (i.e. long gut) would favour digestive efficiency and would be an adaptation to low quality food (microvores); inversely, a greater w/l ratio (i.e. short gut) would be an adaptation to high quality food (epigrowth-feeders and predators).

Anthropogenic Impact on the Lithodynamics of the Coastal Zone of the Southern and Western Black Sea Coast (Review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Efremova ◽  
Yu. N. Goryachkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone changes the natural dynamics of bottom sediments, which leads to increased abrasion and swelling of beaches, activation of landslide processes creating a threat of destruction of the coastal infrastructure. The article aims at providing an overview of the scientific literature on the anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone of the southern and western coasts of the Black Sea (shores of Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey). The work shows that with all the differences in the natural conditions of the coastal zones of these countries the types of anthropogenic effects they undergo are almost the same. These include: hydrotechnical construction without regard to the impact on the neighbouring coast sections; reduction of solid river flow due to river regulation by reservoirs; construction of capital facilities directly on the beaches; illegal extraction of sand from beaches and river beds; dredging with sale of the extracted material to construction companies; covering of cliffs by various structures; destruction of coastal dunes, etc. The main negative consequences of these actions are reflected in disruption of natural dynamics and shortages of bottom sediments, changes in the coastline, reduced aesthetic attractiveness and accessibility of shores, destruction of coastal ecosystems. The article also provides information on the legislation of these countries regarding environmental management in the coastal zone

The Coastal Zone Loess of the Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Peiying ◽  
Cheng Zhenbo ◽  
Lu Houyuan ◽  
Liu Guohai
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Liaodong Peninsula
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