scholarly journals A Novel Spectral Matching Approach for Pigment: Spectral Subsection Identification Considering Ion Absorption Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Yiyi Liu ◽  
Shuqiang Lyu ◽  
Miaole Hou ◽  
Zhenhua Gao ◽  
Wanfu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Spectral Matching ◽  
Pigment Identification ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Absorption Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

Background: Hyperspectral technology has made it possible to perform completely non-invasive investigations on pigment analysis, in particular, on pigment identification. The most commonly used method of pigment identification is to compare the spectral similarity between ones of unknown target and ones in spectral library, which requires a comprehensive and complete spectral library and is based on overall shape of the spectrum. To a certain extent, it may ignore some of the key absorption characteristics of the spectrum. Methods: A novel spectral matching method was proposed based on the spectrum divided into subsections for identification according to the main ion absorption characteristics. Main works: (1) establishing a spectral library suitable for typical pigment identification of painting; (2) discussing the main components, as well as the absorption positions of the ions and functional groups contained in pigments frequently used by artists; (3) presenting a novel spectral matching algorithm carried on spectral subsections for pigment identification; (4) verifying the feasibility and applicability of proposed method by a Chinese painting and a fresco. Conclusions: The proposed method can correctly identify the main pigments or components contained in the mixed area, which is better than the traditional method and more convenient than the unmixing method, except for some limitations in detecting white and black pigments.

scholarly journals Using reliable predator identification to investigate feeding habits of Neotropical carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) in a deforestation frontier of the Brazilian Amazon

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia P. Tirelli ◽  
Thales R.O. de Freitas ◽  
Fernanda Michalski ◽  
Alexandre R. Percequillo ◽  
Eduardo Eizirik
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Accurate identification of predator species is a critical requirement to investigate their diet using faecal samples. We used non-invasive sampling and two methods of predator identification to investigate the diets of sympatric carnivores in a highly deforested region of the Brazilian Amazon. Of 108 scats, 81 could be identified at the species level using DNA sequencing and/or trichology. The former performed better than the latter (81.5% vs. 54.3% of the identified samples), and results were quite congruent (89.7% concordance in the 29 samples that could be assessed with both approaches). Nine species were identified, out of which four (crab-eating fox, ocelot, puma and jaguar) presented a sufficient number of samples to allow dietary analyses. The crab-eating fox was the most generalist (BA=0.92); ocelots focused on small- to medium-sized prey; pumas fed mostly on medium-sized items; and jaguars mostly targeted large-sized prey. A considerable overlap was observed between ocelots and pumas in all estimations (O=0.47–0.83). The presence of jaguars in the same region could be driving pumas to select medium- and small-sized prey. The results of this study highlight the importance of reliable predator identification and the need for in-depth ecological studies in areas where carnivore species are sympatric.

scholarly journals Natural Sensations Evoked in Distal Extremities Using Surface Electrical Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia P. Slopsema ◽  
John M. Boss ◽  
Lane A. Heyboer ◽  
Carson M. Tobias ◽  
Brooke P. Draggoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Better Than

Background: Electrical stimulation is increasingly relevant in a variety of medical treatments. In this study, surface electrical stimulation was evaluated as a method to non-invasively target a neural function, specifically natural sensation in the distal limbs. Method: Electrodes were placed over the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow and the common peroneal and lateral sural cutaneous nerves at the knee. Strength-duration curves for sensation were compared between nerves. The location, modality, and intensity of each sensation were also analyzed. In an effort to evoke natural sensations, several patterned waveforms were evaluated. Results: Distal sensation was obtained in all but one of the 48 nerves tested in able-bodied subjects and in the two nerves from subjects with an amputation. Increasing the pulse amplitude of the stimulus caused an increase in the area and magnitude of the sensation in a majority of subjects. A low frequency waveform evoked a tapping or tapping-like sensation in 29 out of the 31 able-bodied subjects and a sensation that could be considered natural in two subjects with an amputation. This waveform performed better than other patterned waveforms that had proven effective during implanted extra-neural stimulation. Conclusion: Surface electrical stimulation has the potential to be a powerful, non-invasive tool for activation of the nervous system. These results suggest that a tapping sensation in the distal extremity can be evoked in most able-bodied individuals and that targeting the nerve trunk from the surface is a valid method to evoke sensation in the phantom limb of individuals with an amputation for short term applications.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Efficacy of 30 Different Essential Oils against Varroa destructor and Honey Bee Workers (Apis mellifera)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Marian Hýbl ◽  
Andrea Bohatá ◽  
Iva Rádsetoulalová ◽  
Marek Kopecký ◽  
Irena Hoštičková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Selectivity Ratio ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Honey Bee Workers ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

Essential oils and their components are generally known for their acaricidal effects and are used as an alternative to control the population of the Varroa destructor instead of synthetic acaricides. However, for many essential oils, the exact acaricidal effect against Varroa mites, as well as the effect against honey bees, is not known. In this study, 30 different essential oils were screened by using a glass-vial residual bioassay. Essential oils showing varroacidal efficacy > 70% were tested by the complete exposure assay. A total of five bees and five mites were placed in the Petri dishes in five replications for each concentration of essential oil. Mite and bee mortality rates were assessed after 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. The LC50 values and selectivity ratio (SR) were calculated. For essential oils with the best selectivity ratio, their main components were detected and quantified by GC-MS/MS. The results suggest that the most suitable oils are peppermint and manuka (SR > 9), followed by oregano, litsea (SR > 5), carrot, and cinnamon (SR > 4). Additionally, these oils showed a trend of the increased value of selective ratio over time. All these oils seem to be better than thymol (SR < 3.2), which is commonly used in beekeeping practice. However, the possible use of these essential oils has yet to be verified in beekeeping practice.

scholarly journals Surface Josephson plasma waves in a high-temperature superconductor

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianbo Lu ◽  
Anthony T. Bollinger ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Robert Sundling ◽  
Ivan Bozovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Superconductor ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Field Coupling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Crystal Film ◽  
Enhanced Superconductivity ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Electron density oscillations with acoustic dispersions and sustained at boundaries between different media provide information about surface and interface properties of heterostructures. In ultrathin metallic films these plasmonic excitations are heavily damped. Superconductivity is predicted to reduce dissipation allowing detection of these resonances. Emerging low-loss interface Cooper-pair waves have been studied before, however, the observation of surface-confined Josephson plasmons in highly anisotropic superconductors has remained elusive. Here, we report on generation and coupling to these excitations in an ultrathin single-crystal film of high-temperature superconductor La1.85Sr0.15CuO4. The film becomes brighter than Au below the critical temperature when probed with sub-gap THz photons. We show that the enhanced signal in the superconducting state, which can be visualized with a spatial resolution better than λ/3000, originates from near-field coupling of light to surface Josephson plasmons. Our results open a path towards non-invasive investigation of enhanced superconductivity in artificial multilayers, buried interface states in topological heterostructures, and non-linear phenomena in Josephson devices.

A Study of Structural and Parametric Learning in XCS

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Kovacs ◽  
Manfred Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Learning Classifier System ◽  
Genetic Process ◽  
Learning Classifier ◽  
Rule Set ◽  
Function Approximator ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Additional Role ◽  
Better Than

The performance of a learning classifier system is due to its two main components. First, it evolves new structures by generating new rules in a genetic process; second, it adjusts parameters of existing rules, for example rule prediction and accuracy, in an evaluation step, which is not only important for applying the rules, but also for the genetic process. The two components interleave and in the case of XCS drive the pop-ulation toward a minimal, fit, non-overlapping population. In this work we attempt to gain new insights as to the relative contributions of the two components. We find that the genetic component has an additional role when using the train/test approach which is not present in online learning. We compare XCS to a system in which the rule set is restricted to the initial random population (XCS-NGA, that is, XCS No Genetic Algorithm). For small Boolean functions we can give XCS-NGA all possible rules of a particular condition length. In online learning, XCS-NGA can, given sufficiently many rules, achieve a surprisingly high classification accuracy, comparable to that of XCS. In a train/test approach, however, XCS generalises better than XCS-NGA and there seem to be limitations of XCS-NGA which cannot be overcome simply by increasing the population size. This illustrates that the requirements of a function approximator tend to differ between reinforcement learning (which is typically online) and concept learning (which is typically train/test).

EYE ON CHINA

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
China Market ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Better Than

ScinoPharm Taiwan and Coland Holdings establish strategic alliance for oncological injectable products for China. Researchers investigate the effects of thinning on soil respiration and its sensitivity in a pine plantation, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Ascletis gains China market rights from Janssen to a clinical stage HIV protease inhibitor. The genome sequences of soft-shell turtle and green sea turtle offer new clues to the development and evolution of turtle-specific body plan. Daiichi Sankyo launches Silodosin for the treatment of Dysuria in China. China plans research centres to aid developing world. HKU finds novel coronavirus can infect humans respiratory tract even better than SARS-CoV. BGI Health collaborates with Eastern Biotech & Life Sciences on non-invasive fetal Trisomy test for improving reproductive health in the Middle East. Baxter China partners with government to increase access to renal therapy.

Pigment identification on an undated Chinese painting by non-destructive analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-feng Liu ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Wen-hua Zhou ◽  
Sheng-cai Hao ◽  
Zhong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Pigment Identification ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Which Assessments and Interventions do Physiotherapists Value in the Management of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis in Australia?

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Stiller ◽  
Dianne White ◽  
Marie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Postural Drainage ◽  
Main Components

Purpose: Evidence based practice involves the integration of three main components: best available research evidence, practitioner’s clinical expertise, and patient’s preferences. While the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been extensively studied, no studies have explored physiotherapists’ perceptions and values concerning their management of patients with CF. The aim of this study was to document the opinions and values that CF physiotherapists in Australia have regarding their management of patients with CF. Method: A purpose-designed questionnaire addressing these issues was mailed to all 38 physiotherapists working with adults with CF on a regular/frequent basis in major Australian healthcare units. Results: Thirty-three questionnaires were returned completed (87%). Subjective history was considered by respondents as the most valuable component of assessment, with personal experience being the primary factor influencing this response. Coughing/huffing was deemed one of the most valuable airway clearance techniques across five different clinical scenarios; non-invasive ventilation, postural drainage, percussion and vibrations were perceived as valuable techniques for unwell, hospitalised patients; and exercise, positive expiratory pressure and flutter therapy/Acapella were considered valuable for out-patients. Personal experience was the factor most often influencing respondents’ opinions about treatment techniques. Conclusions: CF physiotherapists in Australia appear to mainly base their opinions about the value/usefulness of physiotherapy management of adults with CF on their past clinical experience. These data provide an initial insight into CF physiotherapists’ clinical expertise and will give CF clinicians around the world the opportunity to compare their own clinical practice with that of their Australian peers.

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