scholarly journals Frequency Variability Feature for Life Signs Detection and Localization in Natural Disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Xuezhi Yang ◽  
Jing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Motion Magnification ◽  
Background Motion ◽  
Detection And Localization ◽  
Frequency Properties

The locations and breathing signal of people in disaster areas are significant information for search and rescue missions in prioritizing operations to save more lives. For detecting the living people who are lying on the ground and covered with dust, debris or ashes, a motion magnification-based method has recently been proposed. This current method estimates the locations and breathing signal of people from a drone video by assuming that only human breathing-related motions exist in the video. However, in natural disasters, background motions, such as swing trees and grass caused by wind, are mixed with human breathing, that distort this assumption, resulting in misleading or even no life signs locations. Therefore, the life signs in disaster areas are challenging to be detected due to the undesired background motions. Note that human breathing is a natural physiological phenomenon, and it is a periodic motion with a steady peak frequency; while background motion always involves complex space-time behaviors, their peak frequencies seem to be variable over time. Therefore, in this work we analyze and focus on the frequency properties of motions to model a frequency variability feature used for extracting only human breathing, while eliminating irrelevant background motions in the video, which would ease the challenge in detection and localization of life signs. The proposed method was validated with both drone and camera videos recorded in the wild. The average precision measures of our method for drone and camera videos were 0.94 and 0.92, which are higher than that of compared methods, demonstrating that our method is more robust and accurate to background motions. The implications and limitations regarding the frequency variability feature were discussed.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Privileges in Document-Communication System of Royal Chancellery of the Jagiellonian Dynasty Lviv Defense Policy During Its Pre-Source Existence (Information Potential of Archival Funds Tsdial of Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Тetiana N. Bilushchak
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Defense Policy ◽  
Central State ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
The Impact

The funds of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv have been analyzed. It is turned out that the most significant information potential regarding the Jagiellonian dynasties Lviv defense policy is fund: 52, 131. One of the types of documents created by the Royal Chancellery, namely privileges as a result of the activity of the document-communication system of the defense policy of Lviv of the Jagiellonian dynasty, was researched. During the document processing, privileges in the content have been systematized as those issued for the restoration of the city’s defense capability, for protection against attacks by Turkish-Tatar troops and for natural disasters elimination. On the basis of them, the analysis of the functions they performed during their pre-source existence was made. The analysis of documents in the period of its pre-source existence makes it possible to consider it as a real phenomenon, and as a fact of the historical process. Another benefit of this research is that, depending on the role that privileges have played in the past, its significance in the source base is largely determined. The more significant the primary social function of the source (the impact on subsequent historical events, processes, phenomena, breadth of scope, etc.), the more important the value of the source as the information bearer. Thus, the following functions were clarified as informational, social, communicative, administrative, legal, and historical functions, which acquired privileges after their operational acting role and were sent to Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv for preservation. The paper gives examples of the Jagiellonian dynasty privileges and the dynamics of their issuance during the defense capabilities and fortifications construction enhancement in Lviv for natural disasters or enemy attack protection. The study found that the urban privileges granted by monarchs at different times were the main research source into the kings’ policy to strengthen Lviv’s defense capabilities. The informative value of the sources consists of the possibility to trace the emergence of Lviv as an important defense and strategic center by analyzing the document content. The city fortifications are first mentioned in the privileges of Vladislav II Jagiello. During the reign of the successors of Vladislav II Jagiello – Casimir IV and Jan Olbracht, a large-scale construction of new fortifications, walls and towers was completed. The privileges of the successor kings Jagiel are typologically similar and granted for the same purpose as Vladislav II Jagiel himself. Keywords: document-communication system, Jagiellonian dynasty, medieval Lviv, defense fortifications, archival sources, privileges, functional analysis.

scholarly journals Detecting Natural Disasters, Damage, and Incidents in the Wild

2020 ◽  
pp. 331-350
Author(s):  
Ethan Weber ◽  
Nuria Marzo ◽  
Dim P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Aritro Biswas ◽  
Agata Lapedriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
In The Wild

PET- und SPECT-Untersuchungen von Hirn tumoren mit radioaktiv markierten Aminosäuren

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
H. Boecker ◽  
P. Brust ◽  
H. H. Coenen ◽  
A. Drzezga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Significant Information

SummaryFor the primary diagnosis of brain tumours, morphological imaging by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current method of choice. The complementary use of functional imaging by positron emitting tomography (PET) and single photon emitting computerized tomography (SPECT) with labelled amino acids can provide significant information on some clinically relevant questions, which are beyond the capacity of MRI. These diagnostic issues affect in particular the improvement of biopsy targeting and tumour delineation for surgery and radiotherapy planning. In addition, amino acid labelled PET and SPECT tracers are helpful for the differentiation between tumour recurrence and non-specific post-therapeutic tissue changes, in predicting prognosis of low grade gliomas, and for metabolic monitoring of treatment response. The application of dynamic PET examination protocols for the assessment of amino acid kinetics has been shown to enable an improved non-invasive tumour grading.The purpose of this guideline is to provide practical assistance for indication, examination procedure and image analysis of brain PET/ SPECT with labelled amino acids in order to allow for a high quality standard of the method. After a short introduction on pathobiochemistry and radiopharmacy of amino acid labelled tracers, concrete and detailed information is given on the several indications, patient preparation and examination protocols as well as on data reconstruction, visual and quantitative image analysis and interpretation. In addition, possible pitfalls are described, and the relevant original publications are listed for further information.

scholarly journals TFW: Annotated Thermal Faces in the Wild Dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Askat Kuzdeuov ◽  
Dana Aubakirova ◽  
Darina Koishigarina ◽  
Hüseyin Atakan Varol
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Facial Landmark Detection ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Bounding Boxes ◽  
Thermal Face ◽  
Detection And Localization

Face detection and localization of facial landmarks are the primary steps in building many face applications in computer vision. Numerous algorithms and benchmark datasets have been proposed to develop accurate face and facial landmark detection models in the visual domain. However, varying illumination conditions still pose challenging problems. Thermal cameras can address this problem because of their operation in longer wavelengths. However, thermal face detection and localization of facial landmarks in the wild condition are overlooked. The main reason is that most of the existing thermal face datasets have been collected in controlled environments. In addition, many of them contain no annotations of face bounding boxes and facial landmarks. In this work, we present a thermal face dataset with manually labeled bounding boxes and facial landmarks to address these problems. The dataset contains 9,202 images of 145 subjects, collected in both controlled and wild conditions. As a baseline, we trained the YOLOv5 object detection model and its adaptation for face detection, YOLO5Face, on our dataset. To show the efficacy of our dataset, we evaluated these models on the RWTH-Aachen thermal face dataset in addition to our test set. We have made the dataset, source code, and pretrained models publicly available at https://github.com/IS2AI/TFW to bolster research in thermal face analysis. <br>

scholarly journals TFW: Annotated Thermal Faces in the Wild Dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Askat Kuzdeuov ◽  
Dana Aubakirova ◽  
Darina Koishigarina ◽  
Hüseyin Atakan Varol
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Facial Landmark Detection ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Bounding Boxes ◽  
Thermal Face ◽  
Detection And Localization

Face detection and localization of facial landmarks are the primary steps in building many face applications in computer vision. Numerous algorithms and benchmark datasets have been proposed to develop accurate face and facial landmark detection models in the visual domain. However, varying illumination conditions still pose challenging problems. Thermal cameras can address this problem because of their operation in longer wavelengths. However, thermal face detection and localization of facial landmarks in the wild condition are overlooked. The main reason is that most of the existing thermal face datasets have been collected in controlled environments. In addition, many of them contain no annotations of face bounding boxes and facial landmarks. In this work, we present a thermal face dataset with manually labeled bounding boxes and facial landmarks to address these problems. The dataset contains 9,202 images of 145 subjects, collected in both controlled and wild conditions. As a baseline, we trained the YOLOv5 object detection model and its adaptation for face detection, YOLO5Face, on our dataset. To show the efficacy of our dataset, we evaluated these models on the RWTH-Aachen thermal face dataset in addition to our test set. We have made the dataset, source code, and pretrained models publicly available at https://github.com/IS2AI/TFW to bolster research in thermal face analysis. <br>

Practical Realization of a Reference System for Earth Dynamics by Satellite Methods

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 341-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle ◽  
M. C. Tanenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Crustal Motion ◽  
Average Reference ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractObservations of artificial earth satellites provide a means of establishing an.origin, orientation, scale and control points for a coordinate system. Neither existing data nor future data are likely to provide significant information on the .001 angle between the axis of angular momentum and axis of rotation. Existing data have provided data to about .01 accuracy on the pole position and to possibly a meter on the origin of the system and for control points. The longitude origin is essentially arbitrary. While these accuracies permit acquisition of useful data on tides and polar motion through dynamio analyses, they are inadequate for determination of crustal motion or significant improvement in polar motion. The limitations arise from gravity, drag and radiation forces on the satellites as well as from instrument errors. Improvements in laser equipment and the launch of the dense LAGEOS satellite in an orbit high enough to suppress significant gravity and drag errors will permit determination of crustal motion and more accurate, higher frequency, polar motion. However, the reference frame for the results is likely to be an average reference frame defined by the observing stations, resulting in significant corrections to be determined for effects of changes in station configuration and data losses.

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

A Guide to Coding and Billing for the Audiological Management of Patients Receiving Ototoxic Medical Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-946
Author(s):  
Dawn Konrad-Martin ◽  
Neela Swanson ◽  
Angela Garinis
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Current Method ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Party Payer ◽  
High Frequency Audiometry ◽  
Icd 10

Purpose Improved medical care leading to increased survivorship among patients with cancer and infectious diseases has created a need for ototoxicity monitoring programs nationwide. The goal of this report is to promote effective and standardized coding and 3rd-party payer billing practices for the audiological management of symptomatic ototoxicity. Method The approach was to compile the relevant International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10-CM) codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT; American Medical Association) codes and explain their use for obtaining reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance. Results Each claim submitted to a payer for reimbursement of ototoxicity monitoring must include both ICD-10-CM codes to report the patient's diagnosis and CPT codes to report the services provided by the audiologist. Results address the general 3rd-party payer guidelines for ototoxicity monitoring and ICD-10-CM and CPT coding principles and provide illustrative examples. There is no “stand-alone” CPT code for high-frequency audiometry, an important test for ototoxicity monitoring. The current method of adding a –22 modifier to a standard audiometry code and then submitting a letter rationalizing why the test was done has inconsistent outcomes and is time intensive for the clinician. Similarly, some clinicians report difficulty getting reimbursed for detailed otoacoustic emissions testing in the context of ototoxicity monitoring. Conclusions Ethical practice, not reimbursement, must guide clinical practice. However, appropriate billing and coding resulting in 3rd-party reimbursement for audiology services rendered is critical for maintaining an effective ototoxicity monitoring program. Many 3rd-party payers reimburse for these services. For any CPT code, payment patterns vary widely within and across 3rd-party payers. Standardizing coding and billing practices as well as advocacy including letters from audiology national organizations may be necessary to help resolve these issues of coding and coverage in order to support best practice recommendations for ototoxicity monitoring.

When Mother Earth Rises Up

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Sacchi ◽  
Paolo Riva ◽  
Marco Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Willingness To Help ◽  
Mother Earth

Anthropomorphization is the tendency to ascribe humanlike features and mental states, such as free will and consciousness, to nonhuman beings or inanimate agents. Two studies investigated the consequences of the anthropomorphization of nature on people’s willingness to help victims of natural disasters. Study 1 (N = 96) showed that the humanization of nature correlated negatively with willingness to help natural disaster victims. Study 2 (N = 52) tested for causality, showing that the anthropomorphization of nature reduced participants’ intentions to help the victims. Overall, our findings suggest that humanizing nature undermines the tendency to support victims of natural disasters.

Perceptual characteristics of computerized program visualizations can differentially affect detection and localization performance

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Davis ◽  
Kenneth Hailston ◽  
Eileen Kraemer ◽  
Ashley Hamilton-Taylor ◽  
Philippa Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affect Detection ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics ◽  
Detection And Localization
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