scholarly journals Development of a Radar Reflector Kit for Older Adults to Use to Signal Their Location and Needs in a Large-Scale Earthquake Disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Yuma Morisaki ◽  
Makoto Fujiu ◽  
Ryoichi Furuta ◽  
Junichi Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Vulnerable People

In Japan, older adults account for the highest proportion of the population of any country in the world. When large-scale earthquake disasters strike, large numbers of casualties are known to particularly occur among seniors. Many are physically or mentally vulnerable and require assistance during the different phases of disaster response, including rescue, evacuation, and living in an evacuation center. However, the growing number of older adults has made it difficult, after a disaster, to quickly gather information on their locations and assess their needs. The authors are developing a proposal to enable vulnerable people to signal their location and needs in the aftermath of a disaster to response teams by deploying radar reflectors that can be detected in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. The purpose of this study was to develop a radar reflector kit that seniors could easily assemble in order to make this proposal feasible in practice. Three versions of the reflector were tested for detectability, and a sample of older adults was asked to assemble the kits and provide feedback regarding problems they encountered and regarding their interest in using the reflectors in the event of a large-scale disaster.

scholarly journals Analysis of sanitary and irretrievable losses depending on the nature and conditions of emergency situations on the railway

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
I. A. Magdich ◽  
V. P. Petrov ◽  
A. O. Pyatibrat
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Average Data ◽  
Predictive Algorithm ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World

Relevance. The relevance of the problem is determined by the importance of rail transport in Russia for supporting a diversified economy and implementing socially important services for transportation of goods, baggage and passengers. A system of rapid response and medical assistance to victims in large-scale emergencies on the railway also exists due to large numbers of victims and remoteness of emergency areas from large settlements.Intention. To develop an algorithm for predicting irretrievable and sanitary losses depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the 200 most significant railway accidents in the world from 1960 to 2018. Using statistical procedures, the determinants of the number of victims were assessed.Results and discussion. The average data, the dispersion of the number of victims in emergency situations on the railway were determined depending on the nature of accidents. The factors influencing the number of sanitary and irretrievable losses are identified. A predictive algorithm to determine the number of victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents. The structure of injuries in victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents is described.Conclusion. The data obtained in the study will help in making decisions on the elimination of emergency situations on the railway. 

scholarly journals An Improved Method for Automatic Identification and Assessment of Potential Geohazards Based on MT-InSAR Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3490
Author(s):  
Shuran Luo ◽  
Guangcai Feng ◽  
Zhiqiang Xiong ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Yinggang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
High Instability ◽  
Aperture Radar

Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR) has been widely used for ground motion identification and monitoring over large-scale areas, due to its large spatial coverage and high accuracy. However, automatically locating and assessing the state of the ground motion from the massive Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements is not easy. Utilizing the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation on the basis of the Small Baseline Subsets InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) measurements, this study develops an improved method to locate potential unstable or dangerous regions, using the spatial velocity gradation and the temporal evolution trend of surface displacements in large-scale areas. This method is applied to identify the potential geohazard areas in a mountainous region in northwest China (Lajia Town in Qinghai province) using 73 and 71 Sentinel-1 images from the ascending and descending orbits, respectively, and an urban area (Dongguan City in Guangdong province) in south China using 32 Sentinel-1 images from the ascending orbit. In the mountainous area, 23 regions with potential landslide hazards have been identified, most of which have high to very high instability levels. In addition, the instability is the highest at the center and decreases gradually outward. In the urban area, 221 potential hazards have been identified. The moderate to high instability level areas account for the largest proportion, and they are concentrated in the farmland irrigation areas, and construction areas. The experiment results show that the improved method can quickly identify and evaluate geohazards on a large scale. It can be used for disaster prevention and mitigation.

scholarly journals Community resilience and urban core shelter implementation: A Wellington case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ralph Peter Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World

<p>As a result of climate change, extreme weather events are becoming more common around the world. Coupled with the ever-present threat of sea level rise that coastal cities face there is a potential for far more severe weather events to occur. This thesis will seek to understand how an existing city can adapt to a more hostile environment, and how in the event of an extreme weather occurrence it maintains its function. There is an urgent need to understand how a city can respond when faced with these situations. Previous extreme weather events, Katrina, the Indian Ocean tsunami, and extreme flooding around the world, highlight the danger of a lack of preparedness and resilience found in most cities.  The purpose of this thesis is to understand how the concept of a core shelter, as a way to address the threats of extreme weather events, can be applied to a well-established urban context, Wellington NZ. A core shelter is a structure that in the event of a large-scale disaster, protects its users, and post-disaster still reaches permanent housing standards without being deemed to be a permanent dwelling. It will also look at whether it is possible to create areas in an existing city that can be considered “safe havens” in the event of an extreme natural incident.  This thesis outlines the need for these shelters by identifying the potential threats of climate change in a Wellington context, and by understanding the vulnerability of Wellington’s current building stock. It reaches a conclusion that through the implementation of core shelters in Wellington NZ, resilience will be improved, disaster response efforts will be aided, and destruction arising from extreme weather events will be reduced. In addition, it identifies the areas of Wellington that are deemed to be of higher risk in a disaster or extreme weather event, analyses an existing building’s potential to become a community resilience/core shelter, and proposes a custom building that could be built on Leeds St and Ghuznee St.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of synthetic aperture radar Data collected over the southwestern Greenland ice sheet

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (131) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Jezek ◽  
M. R. Drinkwater ◽  
J. P. Crawford ◽  
R. Bindschadler ◽  
R. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Aperture Radar

AbstractAnalyses of the first aircraft multi-frequency, Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired over the southwestern Greenland ice sheet are presented. Data were collected on 31 August 1989 by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SAR using the NASA DC-8 aircraft. Along with curvilinear patterns associated with large-scale morphologic features such as crevasses, lakes and streams, frequency and polarization dependencies are observed in the P-, L-and C-band image products. Model calculations that include firn grain-size and volumetric water content suggest that tonal variations in and between the images are attributable to large-scale variations in the snow-and ice-surface characteristics, especially snow wetness. In particular, systematic trends in back-scatter strength observed at C-band across regions of changing snow wetness are suggestive of a capability to delineate boundaries between snow facies. Ice lenses and ice pipes are the speculated cause for similar trends in P-band back-scatter. Finally, comparison between SEASAT SAR data collected in 1978 and these airborne data collected in 1989 indicate a remarkable stability of surface patterns associated with the locations of supraglacial lake and stream systems.

Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry for Disaster Monitoring of Harbor Facilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Natsuaki ◽  
◽  
Takuma Anahara ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kotoura ◽  
Yuudai Iwatsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry ◽  
Disaster Monitoring ◽  
Hyogo Prefecture ◽  
Aperture Radar

In this paper, we present experimental results of the disaster monitoring of harbor facilities using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR). The Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2 or DAICHI-2), operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), carries the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2). PALSAR-2 can observe disaster areas day and night, in any weather, at a resolution of approximately 3 m. ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 has been used to measure large-scale ground deformation e.g., after earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. However, its robustness for smaller targets, such as harbor facilities, has not yet been substantiated. Here, we measured the uplift of a breakwater model made of concrete armor units, and confirmed the sensor accuracy to be better than 2 cm standard deviation. We also analyzed the damage to the Nagata and Suma ports in Kobe city, Hyogo prefecture, Japan hit by the 11th Typhoon in 2014, and detected the damaged area using interferometric coherence analysis.

High Accuracy Algorithm of Airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Song Tao Han ◽  
Ge Shi Tang ◽  
Yong Fei Mao ◽  
Lue Chen ◽  
Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
X Band ◽  
System Data ◽  
Data Processing Methods ◽  
Aperture Radar

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar is one of the most important technologies for topographic mapping. The DEM quality of airborne InSAR system depends on both system hardware performance and data processing methods. To derive large scale topographic and thematic maps up to scale 1:50000 and 1:10000, the whole data processing methods were presented. The methods included SAR imaging, interferometric processing and cartographic processing. Special methods were induced to resolve the problems encountered in project applications. Results using X-band airborne InSAR system data showed validity of the algorithm.

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