scholarly journals Analysis of sanitary and irretrievable losses depending on the nature and conditions of emergency situations on the railway

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
I. A. Magdich ◽  
V. P. Petrov ◽  
A. O. Pyatibrat
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Average Data ◽  
Predictive Algorithm ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World

Relevance. The relevance of the problem is determined by the importance of rail transport in Russia for supporting a diversified economy and implementing socially important services for transportation of goods, baggage and passengers. A system of rapid response and medical assistance to victims in large-scale emergencies on the railway also exists due to large numbers of victims and remoteness of emergency areas from large settlements.Intention. To develop an algorithm for predicting irretrievable and sanitary losses depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the 200 most significant railway accidents in the world from 1960 to 2018. Using statistical procedures, the determinants of the number of victims were assessed.Results and discussion. The average data, the dispersion of the number of victims in emergency situations on the railway were determined depending on the nature of accidents. The factors influencing the number of sanitary and irretrievable losses are identified. A predictive algorithm to determine the number of victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents. The structure of injuries in victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents is described.Conclusion. The data obtained in the study will help in making decisions on the elimination of emergency situations on the railway. 

scholarly journals Development of a Radar Reflector Kit for Older Adults to Use to Signal Their Location and Needs in a Large-Scale Earthquake Disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Yuma Morisaki ◽  
Makoto Fujiu ◽  
Ryoichi Furuta ◽  
Junichi Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Vulnerable People

In Japan, older adults account for the highest proportion of the population of any country in the world. When large-scale earthquake disasters strike, large numbers of casualties are known to particularly occur among seniors. Many are physically or mentally vulnerable and require assistance during the different phases of disaster response, including rescue, evacuation, and living in an evacuation center. However, the growing number of older adults has made it difficult, after a disaster, to quickly gather information on their locations and assess their needs. The authors are developing a proposal to enable vulnerable people to signal their location and needs in the aftermath of a disaster to response teams by deploying radar reflectors that can be detected in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. The purpose of this study was to develop a radar reflector kit that seniors could easily assemble in order to make this proposal feasible in practice. Three versions of the reflector were tested for detectability, and a sample of older adults was asked to assemble the kits and provide feedback regarding problems they encountered and regarding their interest in using the reflectors in the event of a large-scale disaster.

Economics of Reforestation and Afforestation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public

Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been harvested or depleted, and afforestation is the establishing of a forest in an area where there were no trees. For economic and practical purposes, reforestation and afforestation have similar goals and processes and thus can be treated as identical activities. Although reforestation and afforestation have a long history, large-scale reforestation and afforestation activities started with industrialization, which caused scarcity in timber and forest-based ecosystem services. In a unified economic model of reforestation and afforestation, factors influencing investments in reforestation and in afforestation on private and public lands include timber prices, unit reforestation cost, interest rate, the responsiveness of tree growth to silviculture, and the value of nontimber benefits, such as ecosystem services. Market and public policies may facilitate, enhance, or hinder reforestation and afforestation activities, and nontimber benefits are an increasingly important motive for reforestation and, especially, afforestation efforts around the world.

The Selection and Rearing of Leaf-eating Insects for Use as Test Subjects in the Study of Insecticides

1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Way ◽  
P. M. Smith ◽  
B. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Mamestra Brassicae ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Rearing Techniques

A number of leaf-eating insects have been studied with the object of selecting species suitable for rearing in the laboratory.Four species have proved satisfactory for large-scale rearing throughout the year. These are Plutella maculipennis, Plusia gamma, Diataraxia oleracea and Phaedon cochleariae. A number of species possess certain disadvantages : (1) apparently obligate diapause (Mamestra brassicae, Sphinx ligustri). (2) The same as (1) with the additional disadvantage of lack of food-plant in winter (Lymantria dispar). (3) Uncertain copulation and oviposition (Pieris brassicae). When available, these species may be reared satisfactorily in large numbers.Mesographe forficalis, Xanthorhoë fluctuata, Lema melanopa and Crioceris asparagi have been reared in relatively small numbers. They possess certain disadvantages but should be satisfactory for large scale rearing at any rate during some part of the year.At present laboratory rearing of Phlogophora meticulosa, Agrotis segetum, Triphaena pronuba, Aclypea opaca and Athalia colibri is considered impracticable. A number of leaf-eating species, particularly Hymenoptera, which appear to possess suitable qualities for laboratory rearing, have not yet been obtained and studied in the laboratory.Particular attention has been paid to factors influencing development of leaffeeding insects with the object of determining the conditions under which healthy stocks of uniform resistance can be maintained. The results of experiments on the effect of food-plant, temperature, humidity and illumination are described. Studies on the factors influencing diapause in the various species are mentioned. Descriptions, are given of the rearing techniques that have been developed.

scholarly journals Factors influencing Vietnam’s handicraft export with the gravity model

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Luong Anh Thu ◽  
Sun Fang ◽  
Sham Sunder Kessani
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Past Research ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect handicraft export from Vietnam to trading partners in the period 2007–2017, and how those factors influence the export of handicraft products of Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach The research uses the approach of gravity model based on panel data to evaluate the export of Vietnamese handicraft to 50 main trading partners, covering the period from 2007 to 2017. Findings The estimated results reveal that Vietnam’s GDP, importer’s GDP, trading partner’s population, Vietnam’s inflation, the economic distance between Vietnam and importer, the openness of Vietnam, importing country’s common language and the issue that both Vietnam and importer are member of APEC are the main factors affecting Vietnamese handicraft export. Research limitations/implications This study also has some limitations. It is limited in the data, as some other areas in the world have not been observed and included in the research. In the future, a study with large-scale data of space and time should be conducted, which will certainly give a universal result and fewer errors. However, this paper, in our opinion, provides a significant result and may help the government and policy makers to undertake appropriate measures to improve and promote the export of Vietnamese handicrafts to the world markets. Practical implications The research describes the current situation, and it studies factors influencing Vietnam’s handicraft export using the qualitative analysis. The result should be useful for the policy maker and enterprises to promote export activities of Vietnamese handicrafts to international markets. Social implications Handicraft export of Vietnam plays an important part in retaining the culture value and social development as well as encouraging sustainable development for the rural poor within the country. Originality/value The past research related to Vietnamese handicraft export almost analyzed the situation to promote export handicrafts. This research is based on the study of factors affecting trade and the gravity model to elaborate and supplement the factors that affect the export of handicraft in accordance with the actual conditions of Vietnam.

scholarly journals From Emergency Remote Teaching to Strategically Embracing Online Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Dionisia Tzavara
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Instruction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
Academic Year

AbstractAs a response to the Covid-19 pandemic, universities across the globe closed campuses, cancelled face-to-face classes, and resorted to digital instruction in an attempt to continue offering instruction, providing continuity to their students, and keeping the academic year going. This movement away from face-to-face instruction happened on a large scale (according to a World Economic Forum article “Some 1.5 billion students—close to 90% of all primary, secondary and tertiary learners in the world—are no longer able to physically go to school” (Kandri 2020), across various institutions and departments, and large numbers of students and academics were impacted by this shift to online instruction.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO SPECTATORS AT THE 2014 FIFA WORLD CUP MATCHES

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO GONÇALVES ARLIANI ◽  
PAULO HENRIQUE SCHMIDT LARA ◽  
ANDRÉ PEDRINELLI ◽  
BENNO EJNISMAN ◽  
LUIZ MARCELO BASTOS LEITE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Objective: Several studies have already described the main injuries to soccer players during FIFA World Cup events; however, little is known about the main reasons spectators require medical assistance during these matches. The aim of this study is to assess the number of cases and main reasons spectators required medical assistance during the 2014 World Cup matches in Brazil. Methods: Data were collected from spectators who received medical assistance on all game days, and factors related to the assistance provided were analyzed. Results: Medical assistance was given to spectators in a total of 6,222 cases during the 64 games played in Brazil, an average of 97.2 times per game. The total number of spectators removed from the stadiums by ambulance was 167, a mean of 2.6 removals per game. The main reasons spectators required medical assistance during the World Cup games were headache, gastrointestinal problems, and trauma. Conclusions: Most spectators required medical assistance during the World Cup games for headache, gastrointestinal problems, and trauma; this information is fundamental to develop new prevention strategies and plan medical assistance for large-scale events. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

Simple Oxygen Supply

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
G.C. Serra ◽  
M.G. Mezzetti ◽  
T. Romano ◽  
F. Bianchi ◽  
R. Parabiaghi
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Low Weight

The use of oxygen in emergency situations outside hospitals is limited by difficulties in supply. Low capacity cylinders (100-120 1) weigh 3-4 kg, and have cumbersome mechanisms for pressure and flow reduction. Disposable cylinders of oxygen from a chemical source create the possibility of the contents running out, and are fragile. Particularly when exposed to high pressures or temperature.Mouth-to-mouth remains most rational and effective. Problems include aesthetic concern and exhaustion in rescuer. It is possible, however, to adapt a Brooke or a Safar airway for use with oxygen, by attaching a tube with tape near the proximal outlet of the airway. This apparatus has been tried on 4 patients during general anesthesia with thiopentone-succinylcholine-neuroleptics—for appendectomies using controlled ventilation with expired air with oxygen added. Tidal volumes of 350-500 ml of air/oxygen were delivered at a frequency of 6-8 breaths per minute. The nose was closed by a clip. Sellik's maneuver could prevent gastric inflation. The color of blood was normal, arterial pressure and pulse did not change, and skin was dry. No fatigue or other effects were reported by the anesthesiologist-“rescuer”. In outdoor use, where oxygen from a chemical source is used, the problems associated with the exothermic reaction can be limited by cylinder lagging with openings to disperse heat. A flow of O2 6-7 1/min is sufficient to support a critical situation. It allows O2 enrichment for mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask, mouth-to-airway, or bag valve ventilation. Modest cost, and low weight allow large numbers to be stored for airport disasters, when resuscitation is performed on a large scale for many victims.

The Children of Irregular Migrants: A Stateless Generation?

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura van Waas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Host State ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Records ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Permanent Presence

Irregular migration is on the rise. In countries around the world, the – increasingly permanent – presence of large numbers of unauthorised immigrants is putting pressure on immigration and citizenship policies as a balance is sought between inclusion and exclusion. Neither large-scale regularisation or naturalisation, nor deportation, offer an appropriate solution for much of this group, so they remain – irregularly and indefinitely. Meanwhile, life goes on and families expand. Yet the arrival of a new generation, born to irregular migrants on the territory of the host State, is often overlooked by official government records. Unable to access birth registration for a number of reasons, these children miss out on that crucial evidence of their relationship with their parents and the State. Without proof of these ties, the child will have difficulty claiming the nationality to which he is entitled. This article explores how the vulnerability of irregular migrants' children to a lack of birth registration could herald the arrival of a whole generation of stateless children.

Plantation Production and White “Proto-Slavery”: White Indentured Servants and the Colonisation of the English West Indies, 1624-1645

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary McD. Beckles
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
African Slave ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Indentured Servants

Two dominant features of agricultural history in the English West Indies are the formation of the plantation system and the importation of large numbers of servile labourers from diverse parts of the world—Africa, Europe and Asia. In Barbados and the Leeward Islands, the backbone of early English colonisation of the New World, large plantations developed within the first decade of settlement. The effective colonisation of these islands, St. Christopher (St. Kitts) in 1624, Barbados 1627, Nevis 1628, Montserrat and Antigua 1632, was possible because of the early emergence of large plantations which were clearly designed for large scale production, and the distribution of commodities upon the world market; they were instrumental in forging an effective and profitable agrarian culture out of the unstable frontier environment of the seventeenth century Caribbean. These plantations, therefore, preceded the emergence of the sugar industry and the general use of African slave labour; they developed during the formative years when the production of tobacco, cotton and indigo dominated land use, and utilised predominatly European indentured labour. The structure of land distribution and the nature of land tenure Systems in the pre-sugar era illustrate this. Most planters who accelerated the pace of economic growth in the late 1640's and early 1650's by the production of sugar and black slave labour, already owned substantial plantations stocked with large numbers of indentured servants.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

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