scholarly journals SAR Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD): Official Release and Comprehensive Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3690
Author(s):  
Tianwen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Jianwei Li ◽  
Xiaowo Xu ◽  
Baoyou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Ship Detection ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Bounding Box ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Small Ship ◽  
Segmentation Task

SAR Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD) is the first open dataset that is widely used to research state-of-the-art technology of ship detection from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery based on deep learning (DL). According to our investigation, up to 46.59% of the total 161 public reports confidently select SSDD to study DL-based SAR ship detection. Undoubtedly, this situation reveals the popularity and great influence of SSDD in the SAR remote sensing community. Nevertheless, the coarse annotations and ambiguous standards of use of its initial version both hinder fair methodological comparisons and effective academic exchanges. Additionally, its single-function horizontal-vertical rectangle bounding box (BBox) labels can no longer satisfy the current research needs of the rotatable bounding box (RBox) task and the pixel-level polygon segmentation task. Therefore, to address the above two dilemmas, in this review, advocated by the publisher of SSDD, we will make an official release of SSDD based on its initial version. SSDD’s official release version will cover three types: (1) a bounding box SSDD (BBox-SSDD), (2) a rotatable bounding box SSDD (RBox-SSDD), and (3) a polygon segmentation SSDD (PSeg-SSDD). We relabel ships in SSDD more carefully and finely, and then explicitly formulate some strict using standards, e.g., (1) the training-test division determination, (2) the inshore-offshore protocol, (3) the ship-size reasonable definition, (4) the determination of the densely distributed small ship samples, and (5) the determination of the densely parallel berthing at ports ship samples. These using standards are all formulated objectively based on the using differences of existing 75 (161 × 46.59%) public reports. They will be beneficial for fair method comparison and effective academic exchanges in the future. Most notably, we conduct a comprehensive data analysis on BBox-SSDD, RBox-SSDD, and PSeg-SSDD. Our analysis results can provide some valuable suggestions for possible future scholars to further elaborately design DL-based SAR ship detectors with higher accuracy and stronger robustness when using SSDD.

scholarly journals Quad-FPN: A Novel Quad Feature Pyramid Network for SAR Ship Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Tianwen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ke
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Ship Detection ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Feature Pyramid ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Small Ship

Ship detection from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a fundamental and significant marine mission. It plays an important role in marine traffic control, marine fishery management, and marine rescue. Nevertheless, there are still some challenges hindering accuracy improvements of SAR ship detection, e.g., complex background interferences, multi-scale ship feature differences, and indistinctive small ship features. Therefore, to address these problems, a novel quad feature pyramid network (Quad-FPN) is proposed for SAR ship detection in this paper. Quad-FPN consists of four unique FPNs, i.e., a DEformable COnvolutional FPN (DE-CO-FPN), a Content-Aware Feature Reassembly FPN (CA-FR-FPN), a Path Aggregation Space Attention FPN (PA-SA-FPN), and a Balance Scale Global Attention FPN (BS-GA-FPN). To confirm the effectiveness of each FPN, extensive ablation studies are conducted. We conduct experiments on five open SAR ship detection datasets, i.e., SAR ship detection dataset (SSDD), Gaofen-SSDD, Sentinel-SSDD, SAR-Ship-Dataset, and high-resolution SAR images dataset (HRSID). Qualitative and quantitative experimental results jointly reveal Quad-FPN’s optimal SAR ship detection performance compared with the other 12 competitive state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN)-based SAR ship detectors. To confirm the excellent migration application capability of Quad-FPN, the actual ship detection in another two large-scene Sentinel-1 SAR images is conducted. Their satisfactory detection results indicate the practical application value of Quad-FPN in marine surveillance.

ANALISIS NILAI KOHESI DAN KOHERENSIDALAM TERJEMAHAN AL-QUR’AN SURAH AL AL ZALZALAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
MUNIRAH MUNIRAH ◽  
HUSAIN SYARIFUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Classification ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Relative Pronoun ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This study aimed to describe the value of cohesion and coherence contained in the translation of the Qur'an surah Al Zalzalah. This study was a qualitative descriptive research, research data collection techniques using three techniques namely, inventory, rading and understanding, and record keeping. The data analysis used the coding of data, classification data, and the determination of the data. The results showed that the cohesion markers used in the translation of surah Al Zalzalah discourse are: 1) reference, 2) pronouns, ie pronouns second person, and third, the relative pronoun, the pronoun pointer, pen pronouns and pronouns owner, 3 ) conjunctions, namely temporal conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and conjunctions koorelatif, and 4) a causal ellipsis. It mean that there was a coherence in the translation of surah Al Zalzalah discourse are: the addition or addition, pronouns, repetition or repetition, match words or synonyms, in whole or in part, a comparison or ratio of conclusions or results. Keywords: Cohesion, Coherence, sura Al Zalzalah AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai kohesi dan koherensi yang terdapat dalam terjemahan Al-Qur’an surah Al Zalzalah. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan tiga teknik yakni, inventarisasi, baca simak, dan pencatatan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pengodean data, pengklasifikasian data, dan penentuan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemarkah kohesi yang digunakan dalam wacana terjemahan surah Al Zalzalah adalah: 1) referensi, 2) pronomina, yaitu kata ganti orang kedua, dan ketiga, kata ganti penghubung, kata ganti penunjuk, kata ganti penanya dan kata ganti empunya, 3) konjungsi, yaitu konjungsi temporal, konjungsi koordinatif, konjungsi subordinatif, dan konjungsi koorelatif, dan 4) elipsis kausal. Sarana koherensi yang terdapat di dalam wacana terjemahan surah Al Zalzalah adalah: penambahan atau adisi, pronomina, pengulangan atau repetisi, padan kata atau sinonim, keseluruhan atau bagian, komparasi atau perbandingan simpulan atau hasil.Kata Kunci: Kohesi, Koherensi, surah Al Zalzalah

PENENTUAN KRITERIA PENILAIAN KESAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT PADA PEMERIKSAAN APUSAN DARAH TEPI

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Dzikra Arwie ◽  
Islawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Number Of Cells

Leukocytes or white blood cells have a characteristic characteristic of different cells. Determination of the impression of the number of leukocytes is determined in the number of cells in the field of view. While the number of viewable field cells expressed is still quite varied. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of leukocytes in the field of view and expressed the impression of a sufficient amount. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Health Analyst Department Panrita Husada Bulukumba on 9 April 2017 to 14 July 2017. This type of research is a laboratory observation that aims to determine the criteria for assessing the impression of the number of leukocytes on a peripheral blood smear. Data analysis using statistical analysis is the average and standard deviations to determine the impression of the number of leukocytes and use 3 inspection zones. The results of this study obtained results in zone IV the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 7-10, in zone V the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 4-9, and in zone VI the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 3-8.  

The relationship between musty-odor-causing organisms and water quality in Lake Biwa

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kajino ◽  
K. Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
The Relationship

Musty odor has occurred annually in Lake Biwa since 1969. Osaka municipal waterworks, which is located downstream of Lake Biwa, has made many efforts to treat musty-odor compounds produced in Lake Biwa from spring through autumn. With the development of analytical methods for the determination of musty-odor compounds, we have been able to confirm that planktonic blue-green algae are the major causes of the musty-odor occurrences. The relationship between the growth of blue-green algae and the water quality was not so apparent. However, through our data analysis focusing on the relationship between musty-odor occurrences due to Phormidium tenue or Oscillatoria tenuis and some nutrients in Lake Biwa, we found that the concentration of nitrate in water may be an important parameter for the estimation of growth of the algae and the musty-odor behavior.

scholarly journals Road Networks Winter Risk Estimation Using On-Board Uncooled Infrared Camera for Surface Temperature Measurements over Two Lanes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marchetti ◽  
M. Moutton ◽  
S. Ludwig ◽  
L. Ibos ◽  
V. Feuillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Measurement Rate

Thermal mapping has been implemented since the late eighties to establish the susceptibility of road networks to ice occurrence with measurements from a radiometer and some atmospheric parameters. They are usually done before dawn during wintertime when the road energy is dissipated. The objective of this study was to establish if an infrared camera could improve the determination of ice road susceptibility, to build a new winter risk index, to improve the measurements rate, and to analyze its consistency with seasons and infrastructures environment. Data analysis obtained from the conventional approved radiometer sensing technique and the infrared camera has shown great similarities. A comparison was made with promising perspectives. The measurement rate to analyse a given road network could be increased by a factor two.

Determination of sand dune characteristics through geomorphometry and wind data analysis in central Iran (Kashan Erg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Nazari Samani ◽  
Hassan Khosravi ◽  
Tayyebeh Mesbahzadeh ◽  
Maryam Azarakhshi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahdari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Wind Data
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