scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Holographic Electromagnetic Imaging for Accessing Brain Stroke

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Lulu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Object A ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Small Stroke ◽  
Two Inclusions

The authors recently developed a two-dimensional (2D) holographic electromagnetic induction imaging (HEI) for biomedical imaging applications. However, this method was unable to detect small inclusions accurately. For example, only one of two inclusions can be detected in the reconstructed image if the two inclusions were located at the same XY plane but in different Z-directions. This paper provides a theoretical framework of three-dimensional (3D) HEI to accurately and effectively detect inclusions embedded in a biological object. A numerical system, including a realistic head phantom, a 16-element excitation sensor array, a 16-element receiving sensor array, and image processing model has been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting small stroke. The achieved 3D HEI images have been compared with 2D HEI images. Simulation results show that the 3D HEI method can accurately and effectively identify small inclusions even when two inclusions are located at the same XY plane but in different Z-directions. This preliminary study shows that the proposed method has the potential to develop a useful imaging tool for the diagnosis of neurological diseases and injuries in the future.

Reconstruction of Objects from their Projections Using Orthogonal Functions

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
Elrnar Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Object A ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Spatial Density Distribution

Considering any finite three-dimensional object, a “projection” is here defined as a two-dimensional representation of the object's mass per unit area on a plane normal to a given projection axis, here taken as they-axis. Since the object can be seen as being built from parallel, thin slices, the relation between object structure and its projection can be reduced by one dimension. It is assumed that an electron microscope equipped with a tilting stage records the projectionWhere the object has a spatial density distribution p(r,ϕ) within a limiting radius taken to be unity, and the stage is tilted by an angle 9 with respect to the x-axis of the recording plane.

scholarly journals Imaging in Propeller Flap Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Shimpei Ono ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohi ◽  
Rei Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Preoperative Mapping ◽  
Flap Design ◽  
Tomographic Angiography

AbstractSince propeller flaps are elevated as island flaps and most often nourished by a single perforator nearby the defect, it is challenging to change the flap design intraoperatively when a reliable perforator cannot be found where expected to exist. Thus, accurate preoperative mapping of perforators is essential in the safe planning of propeller flaps. Various methods have been reported so far: (1) handheld acoustic Doppler sonography (ADS), (2) color duplex sonography (CDS), (3) perforator computed tomographic angiography (P-CTA), and (4) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). To facilitate the preoperative perforator assessment, P-CTA is currently considered as the gold standard imaging tool in revealing the three-dimensional anatomical details of perforators precisely. Nevertheless, ADS remains the most widely used tool due to its low cost, faster learning, and ease of use despite an undesirable number of false-positive results. CDS can provide hemodynamic characteristics of the perforator and is a valid and safer alternative particularly in patients in whom ionizing radiation and/or contrast exposure should be limited. Although MRA is less accurate in detecting smaller perforators of caliber less than 1.0 mm and the intramuscular course of perforators at the present time, MRA is expected to improve in the future due to the recent developments in technology, making it as accurate as P-CTA. Moreover, it provides the advantage of being radiation-free with fewer contrast reactions.

scholarly journals Imaging the Human Thyroid Using Three-Dimensional Diffuse Optical Tomography: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Mimura ◽  
Shinpei Okawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kawaguchi ◽  
Yukari Tanikawa ◽  
Yoko Hoshi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diffuse Optical Tomography ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
First Time

Thyroid cancer is usually diagnosed by ultrasound imaging and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. However, diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) is difficult because FTC lacks nuclear atypia and a consensus on histological interpretation. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) offers the potential to diagnose FTC because it can measure tumor hypoxia, while image reconstruction of the thyroid is still challenging mainly due to the complex anatomical features of the neck. In this study, we attempted to solve this issue by creating a finite element model of the human neck excluding the trachea (a void region). By reconstruction of the absorption coefficients at three wavelengths, 3D tissue oxygen saturation maps of the human thyroid are obtained for the first time by DOT.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reliability of Soft Tissue Landmarks Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Comparison With Two-Dimensional Cephalometrics: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Adeeba Ali ◽  
Anil K. Chandna ◽  
Anshul Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Electronic Database Search

Background: Concerns about the accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Objective: The aim of the systematic review is to estimate accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks with 2D imaging and 3D imaging for orthodontic diagnosis planning and treatment planning purposes. Data Sources: Electronic database search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via embase.com, and the Cochrane library website. Selection Criteria: The data were extracted according to two protocols based on Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal tools. Next, levels of evidence were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. Data Synthesis: Fifty-five publications were found through database search strategies. A total of nine publications were included in this review. Conclusion According to the available literature, 3D imaging modalities were more accurate and reliable as compared to 2D modalities. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was considered the most reliable imaging tool for soft tissues.

Three-dimensional Modeling of the Various Volumes of Canines to Determine Age and Sex: A Preliminary Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Tardivo ◽  
Julien Sastre ◽  
Michel Ruquet ◽  
Lionel Thollon ◽  
Pascal Adalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Age And Sex

The Subtalar Joint Axis Locator

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon K. Spooner ◽  
Kevin A. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Exit Point ◽  
Neck Position ◽  
Dorsal Aspect ◽  
Joint Axis ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Rotational Motions

A new clinical device, the subtalar joint axis locator, was created to track the three-dimensional location of the subtalar joint axis during weightbearing movements of the foot. The assumption was that if the anterior exit point of the subtalar joint axis is stationary relative to the dorsal aspect of the talar neck, then, by performing radiographs of the feet with the subtalar joint axis locator in place on the foot, the ability of the locator to track rotations and translations of the talar neck and thus the subtalar joint axis in space could be approximated. In this preliminary study of two adults, the subtalar joint axis locator accurately tracked the talar neck position during weightbearing rotational motions of the subtalar joint. The device was also used in a series of subjects to determine its dynamic capabilities. It is possible, then, that the subtalar joint axis locator can reliably track the spatial location of the subtalar joint axis during weightbearing movements of the foot. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(3): 212–219, 2006)

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