scholarly journals COSMOS: Collaborative, Seamless and Adaptive Sentinel for the Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantaleone Nespoli ◽  
David Useche Pelaez ◽  
Daniel Díaz López ◽  
Félix Gómez Mármol
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real World ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Dynamic Scenario ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) became established during the last decade as an emerging technology with considerable potentialities and applicability. Its paradigm of everything connected together penetrated the real world, with smart devices located in several daily appliances. Such intelligent objects are able to communicate autonomously through already existing network infrastructures, thus generating a more concrete integration between real world and computer-based systems. On the downside, the great benefit carried by the IoT paradigm in our life brings simultaneously severe security issues, since the information exchanged among the objects frequently remains unprotected from malicious attackers. The paper at hand proposes COSMOS (Collaborative, Seamless and Adaptive Sentinel for the Internet of Things), a novel sentinel to protect smart environments from cyber threats. Our sentinel shields the IoT devices using multiple defensive rings, resulting in a more accurate and robust protection. Additionally, we discuss the current deployment of the sentinel on a commodity device (i.e., Raspberry Pi). Exhaustive experiments are conducted on the sentinel, demonstrating that it performs meticulously even in heavily stressing conditions. Each defensive layer is tested, reaching a remarkable performance, thus proving the applicability of COSMOS in a distributed and dynamic scenario such as IoT. With the aim of easing the enjoyment of the proposed sentinel, we further developed a friendly and ease-to-use COSMOS App, so that end-users can manage sentinel(s) directly using their own devices (e.g., smartphone).

scholarly journals Design a blockchain-based middleware layer in the Internet of Things Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In next-generation computing, the role of cloud, internet and smart devices will be capacious. Nowadays we all are familiar with the word smart. This word is used a number of times in our daily life. The Internet of Things (IoT) will produce remarkable different kinds of information from different resources. It can store big data in the cloud. The fog computing acts as an interface between cloud and IoT. The extension of fog in this framework works on physical things under IoT. The IoT devices are called fog nodes, they can have accessed anywhere within the range of the network. The blockchain is a novel approach to record the transactions in a sequence securely. Developing a new blockchains based middleware framework in the architecture of the Internet of Things is one of the critical issues of wireless networking where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the use and popularity of IoT. The proposed research creates a framework for providing the middleware framework in the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our main contribution links a new study that integrates blockchains to the Internet of things and provides communication security to the internet of smart devices.

scholarly journals Analysis of WebAssembly as a Strategy to Improve JavaScript Performance on IoT Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Oliveira ◽  
Júlio Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Memory Usage ◽  
C Language ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Benchmark Suite ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

JavaScript language (JS) has been widely used in recent years applied to browsers-context. Yet JS is being applied to other backgrounds such as server-side programming, mobile applications, games, robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT). JavaScript is suitable for programming IoT devices due to eventdriven oriented architecture. However, it is an interpreted language, so it has a lower performance than a compiled language. This paper assesses the use of WebAssembly as a strategy to improve the performance of JavaScript applications in the IoT environment. The experiments were performed on a Raspberry Pi using the Ostrich Benchmark Suite. We run the algorithms in JavaScript, WebAssembly, and C language while collecting data about device resource consumption. Our results showed that JavaScript performance could be improved by 39.81% in terms of execution time, a tiny gain in memory usage, and reduced battery consumption by 39.86% when using WebAssembly.

Addressing Security Issues of the Internet of Things Using Physically Unclonable Functions

2021 ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Sultan ◽  
Mohammad Tariq Banday
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Hardware Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The spatial ubiquity and the huge number of employed nodes monitoring the surroundings, individuals, and devices makes security a key challenge in IoT. Serious security apprehensions are evolving in terms of data authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality. Consequently, IoT requires security to be assured down to the hardware level, as the authenticity and the integrity need to be guaranteed in terms of the hardware implementation of each IoT node. Physically unclonable functions recreate the keys only while the chip is being powered on, replacing the conventional key storage which requires storing information. Compared to extrinsic key storage, they are able to generate intrinsic keys and are far less susceptible against physical attacks. Physically unclonable functions have drawn considerable attention due to their ability to economically introduce hardware-level security into individual silicon dice. This chapter introduces the notion of physically unclonable functions, their scenarios for hardware security in IoT devices, and their interaction with traditional cryptography.

Blockchain With the Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-228
Author(s):  
Kamalendu Pal
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The internet of things (IoT) is ushering a new age of technology-driven automation of information systems into the manufacturing industry. One of the main concerns with IoT systems is the lack of privacy and security preserving schemes for controlling access and ensuring the safety of the data. Many security issues arise because of the centralized architecture of IoT-based information systems. Another concern is the lack of appropriate authentication and access control schemes to moderate the access to information generated by the IoT devices in the manufacturing industry. Hence, the question that arises is how to ensure the identity of the manufacturing machinery or the communication nodes. This chapter presents the advantages of blockchain technology to secure the operation of the modern manufacturing industry in a trustless environment with IoT applications. The chapter reviews the challenges and threats in IoT applications and how integration with blockchain can resolve some of the manufacturing enterprise information systems (EIS).

scholarly journals A Study of Threats, Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures: An IoT Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Yash Choudhary ◽  
B Umamaheswari ◽  
Vijeta Kumawat
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Security Of Iot

IoT or the Internet of things refers to all the physical devices connected to the internet. IoT consists of computing devices that are web-enabled and have the capability of sensing, collecting, and sending data. IoT provides the ability to remote control appliances and has many more applications. Since IoT is becoming a big part of society, it is necessary to ensure that these devices provide adequate security measures. This paper discusses various security issues in IoT systems like threats, vulnerabilities and some countermeasures which can be used to provide some security. Developing a secure device is now more important than ever, as with the increase in digitization, much of a user’s data is available on these devices. Securing data is a primary concern in any system, as internet-enabled devices are easier to hack. The idea of this paper is to spread awareness and improve the security of IoT devices.

scholarly journals Internet of things (IoT): a technology review, security issues, threats, and open challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Alaa Ahmed Abbood ◽  
Qahtan Makki Shallal ◽  
Mohammed A. Fadhel
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Technology Review

<p><span>Internet of Things (IoT) devices are spread in different areas such as e-tracking, e-commerce, e-home, and e-health, etc. Thus, during the last ten years, the internet of things technology (IoT) has been a research focus. Both privacy and security are the key concerns for the applications of IoT, and still face a huge number of challenges. There are many elements used to run the IoT technology which include hardware and software such as sensors, GPS, cameras, applications, and so forth. In this paper, we have analyzed and explain the technology of IoT along with its elements, security features, security issues, and threats that attached to each layer of IoT to guide the consideration of researchers into solve and understand the most serious problems in IoT environment.</span></p>

scholarly journals Middleware Solutions for the Internet of Things: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT), along with its wider variants including numerous technologies, things, and people: the Internet of Everything (IoE) and the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), are considered as part of the Internet of the future and ubiquitous computing allowing the communication among billions of smart devices and objects, and have recently drawn a very significant research attention. In these approaches, there are varieties of heterogeneous devices empowered by new capabilities and interacting with each other to achieve specific applications in different domains. A middleware layer is therefore required to abstract the physical layer details of the smart IoT devices and ease the complex and challenging task of developing multiple backend applications. In this chapter, an overview of IoT technologies, architecture, and main applications is given first and then followed by a comprehensive survey on the most recently used and proposed middleware solutions designed for IoT networks. In addition, open issues in IoT middleware design and future works in the field of middleware development are highlighted.

Securing IoT Applications Using Blockchain

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-83
Author(s):  
Sreelakshmi K. K. ◽  
Ashutosh Bhatia ◽  
Ankit Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Smart Computing ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Remarkable Progress

The internet of things (IoT) has become a guiding technology behind automation and smart computing. One of the major concerns with the IoT systems is the lack of privacy and security preserving schemes for controlling access and ensuring the security of the data. A majority of security issues arise because of the centralized architecture of IoT systems. Another concern is the lack of proper authentication and access control schemes to moderate access to information generated by the IoT devices. So the question that arises is how to ensure the identity of the equipment or the communicating node. The answer to secure operations in a trustless environment brings us to the decentralized solution of Blockchain. A lot of research has been going on in the area of convergence of IoT and Blockchain, and it has resulted in some remarkable progress in addressing some of the significant issues in the IoT arena. This work reviews the challenges and threats in the IoT environment and how integration with Blockchain can resolve some of them.

Addressing Security Issues of the Internet of Things Using Physically Unclonable Functions

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Sultan ◽  
Mohammad Tariq Banday
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Hardware Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The spatial ubiquity and the huge number of employed nodes monitoring the surroundings, individuals, and devices makes security a key challenge in IoT. Serious security apprehensions are evolving in terms of data authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality. Consequently, IoT requires security to be assured down to the hardware level, as the authenticity and the integrity need to be guaranteed in terms of the hardware implementation of each IoT node. Physically unclonable functions recreate the keys only while the chip is being powered on, replacing the conventional key storage which requires storing information. Compared to extrinsic key storage, they are able to generate intrinsic keys and are far less susceptible against physical attacks. Physically unclonable functions have drawn considerable attention due to their ability to economically introduce hardware-level security into individual silicon dice. This chapter introduces the notion of physically unclonable functions, their scenarios for hardware security in IoT devices, and their interaction with traditional cryptography.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND SECURITY THREATS TO IOT DEVICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Ivan Opirskyy ◽  
Roman Holovchak ◽  
Iryna Moisiichuk ◽  
Tetyana Balianda ◽  
Sofiia Haraniuk
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Extended Type ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things or IoT is billions of physical devices connected to the Internet. Its main premise is simply an extended type of connection, which can then be used as a basis for all kinds of functions. IoT describes a network of physical objects - "things" that are built into sensors, software and other technologies to connect and communicate with other devices and systems over the Internet. Problems of system protection, including the use of IoT devices are studied by many scientists and specialists in this field, but in today's world, not every manufacturer is ready to declare vulnerabilities and general insecurity of their products (devices). Throughout the IoT environment, from manufacturers to users, there are still many IoT security issues, such as manufacturing standards, update management, physical hardening, user knowledge and awareness. This article examines the vulnerabilities of the Internet of Things. The analysis of information transfer technologies of IoT devices (in particular ZigBee, Signfox and Bluetooth) is carried out. The most common threats that a user may encounter have been identified and analyzed. It is also established that usually not only the manufacturer poses a threat to the security of IoT devices. There are also a number of tips for users who want to reduce the risk of data leakage associated with vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for such devices to be incorrectly set up, used and stored. Extremely common is the user's refusal to update the software, which in turn leaves open those vulnerabilities that the manufacturer is trying to fix. The main purpose of the article is to determine the causes of security threats to the Internet of Things, by analyzing data transmission technologies, analysis of the threats themselves, identifying the most critical of them and ways to reduce the risk of data theft

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