scholarly journals Picoliter Cuvette inside an Optical Fiber to Track Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation for Measurement of Biomolecules

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2859
Author(s):  
Masahiko Shiraishi ◽  
Kazuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Shoichi Kubodera
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Extinction Spectrum ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Optical Extinction ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Measurement Resolution ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dispersion Solution

This study demonstrated a measurement approach for biomolecules at the picoliter scale, using a newly developed picoliter cuvette inside an optical fiber constructed via near-ultraviolet femtosecond laser drilling. The sensing capacity was estimated to be within 0.4–1.2 pL due to an optical path length of 3–5 microns, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The picoliter cuvette exhibited a change in the optical extinction spectrum after addition of biomolecules such as L-cysteine, in conjunction with a gold nanoparticle (GNP) dispersion solution, following a simple measurement configuration involving a small white light source and a compact spectrometer. A linear attenuation of the spectral dip near a wavelength of 520 nm was observed as the L-cysteine concentration was increased at 4 wt% of the GNP mass concentration. The measurement resolution of the concentration using the picoliter cuvette was evaluated at 0.125 mM. The experimental results showed the difference in aggregation processes caused by a different concentration of GNPs. Moreover, they revealed the ability of the picoliter cuvette to verify whether the concentration of GNPs in the liquid sample correspondingly determines homogeneous or inhomogeneous GNP aggregation, as supported by SEM observation and numerical calculations based on Mie theory.

scholarly journals Thermo-Optical Switching Effect Based on a Tapered Optical Fiber and Higher Alkanes Doped with ZnS:Mn

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5044
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Moś ◽  
Karol A. Stasiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Matras-Postołek ◽  
Leszek R. Jaroszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Tapered Optical Fiber ◽  
The Difference

The paper investigates the effect of thermo-optic switching resulting from the hybrid combination of a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with alkanes doped with nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese (ZnS:Mn NP). Presented measurements focused on controlling losses in an optical fiber by modification of a TOF cladding by the alkanes used, characterized by phase change. Temperature changes cause power transmission changes creating a switcher or a sensor working in an ON-OFF mode. Phase change temperatures and changes in the refractive index of the alkane used directly affected power switching. Alkanes were doped with ZnS:Mn NPs to change the hysteresis observed between ON-OFF modes in pure alkanes. The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) reduces the difference between phase changes due to improved thermal conductivity and introduces extra nucleating agents. Results are presented in the wide optical range of 550–1200 nm. In this investigation, hexadecane and heptadecane were a new cladding for TOF. The higher alkanes were doped with ZnS: Mn NPs in an alkane volume of 1 wt.% and 5 wt.%. The thermo-optic effect can be applied to manufacture a thermo-optic switcher or a temperature threshold sensor.

scholarly journals Further evidence of important environmental information content in red-to-green ratios as depicted in paintings by great masters

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2987-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Zerefos ◽  
P. Tetsis ◽  
A. Kazantzidis ◽  
V. Amiridis ◽  
S. C. Zerefos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Independent Experiment ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Optical Extinction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We examine sunsets painted by famous artists as proxy information for the aerosol optical depth after major volcanic eruptions. Images derived from precision colour protocols applied to the paintings were compared to online images, and found that the latter, previously analysed, provide accurate information. Aerosol optical depths (AODs) at 550 nm, corresponding to Northern Hemisphere middle latitudes, calculated by introducing red-to-green (R / G) ratios from a large number of paintings to a radiative transfer model, were significantly correlated with independent proxies from stratospheric AOD and optical extinction data, the dust veil index, and ice core volcanic indices. AODs calculated from paintings were grouped into 50-year intervals from 1500 to 2000. The year of each eruption and the 3 following years were defined as "volcanic". The remaining "non-volcanic" years were used to provide additional evidence of a multidecadal increase in the atmospheric optical depths during the industrial "revolution". The increase of AOD at 550 nm calculated from the paintings grows from 0.15 in the middle 19th century to about 0.20 by the end of the 20th century. To corroborate our findings, an experiment was designed in which a master painter/colourist painted successive sunsets during and after the passage of Saharan aerosols over the island of Hydra in Greece. Independent solar radiometric measurements confirmed that the master colourist's R / G ratios which were used to model his AODs, matched the AOD values measured in situ by co-located sun photometers during the declining phase of the Saharan aerosol. An independent experiment was performed to understand the difference between R / G ratios calculated from a typical volcanic aerosol and those measured from the mineral aerosol during the Hydra experiment. It was found that the differences in terms of R / G ratios were small, ranging between −2.6% and +1.6%. Also, when analysing different parts of cloudless skies of paintings following major volcanic eruptions, any structural differences seen in the paintings had not altered the results discussed above. However, a detailed study on all possible sources of uncertainties involved (such as the impact of clouds on R / G ratios) still needs to be studied. Because of the large number of paintings studied, we tentatively propose the conclusion that regardless of the school, red-to-green ratios from great masters can provide independent proxy AODs that correlate with widely accepted proxies and with independent measurements.

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND ITS ANALOGUES: III. ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM PEROXIDES IN THE NEAR ULTRAVIOLET

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Phibbs ◽  
Paul A. Giguère
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Zero Point Energy ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

The absorption of ultraviolet light between 3000 and 4000 Å by solutions of hydrogen peroxide in water and of deuterium peroxide in heavy water has been measured at various concentrations. Both peroxides show slight but real deviations from Beer's law at high concentrations. Substitution of hydrogen by deuterium shifts the absorption continuum by about 390 cm.−1 towards shorter wave lengths. This shift is of the same order as that calculated from the difference in zero-point energy of the two isotopic molecules.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SIMPLE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM USING THE OBLIQUE PHOTO AND DEM

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
H. Nonaka ◽  
H. Sasaki ◽  
S. Fujimaki ◽  
S. Naruke ◽  
H. Kishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Surveillance Camera ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

When a disaster occurs, we must grasp and evaluate its damage as soon as possible. Then we try to estimate them from some kind of photographs, such as surveillance camera imagery, satellite imagery, photographs taken from a helicopter and so on. Especially in initial stage, estimation of decent damage situation for a short time is more important than investigation of damage situation for a long time. <br><br> One of the source of damage situation is the image taken by surveillance camera, satellite sensor and helicopter. If we can measure any targets in these imagery, we can estimate a length of a lava flow, a reach of a cinder and a sediment volume in volcanic eruption or landslide. <br><br> Therefore in order to measure various information for a short time, we developed a simplified measurement system which uses these photographs. This system requires DEM in addition to photographs, but it is possible to use previously acquired DEM. To measure an object, we require only two steps. One is the determination of the position and the posture in which the photograph is shot. We determine these parameters using DEM. The other step is the measurement of an object in photograph. <br><br> In this paper, we describe this system and show the experimental results to evaluate this system. In this experiment we measured the top of Mt. Usu by using two measurement method of this system. Then we can measure it about one hour and the difference between the measurement results and the airborne LiDAR data are less than 10 meter.

scholarly journals Electrochemistry in an Optical Fiber Microcavity - Optical Monitoring of Electrochemical Processes in Picoliter Volumes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gabler ◽  
Andrzej Krześniak ◽  
Monika Janik ◽  
Anna Myśliwiec ◽  
Marcin Koba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Micromachining ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrochemical Phenomena

In this work, we demonstrate a novel method for multi-domain analysis of properties of analytes in volumes as small as picoliter, combining electrochemistry and optical measurements. A microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) obtained in a standard single-mode optical fiber using femtosecond laser micromachining was able to accommodate a microelectrode and optically monitor electrochemical processes inside the fiber. The interferometer shows exceptional sensitivity to changes in optical properties of analytes in the microcavity. We show that the optical readout follows the electrochemical reactions. Here, the redox probe (ferrocenedimethanol) undergoing reactions of oxidation and reduction changes the optical properties of the analyte (refractive index and absorbance) that are monitored by the µIMZI. Measurements have been supported by numerical analysis of both optical and electrochemical phenomena. On top of a capability of the approach to perform analysis in microscale, the difference between oxidized and reduced forms in the near-infrared can be clearly measured using the µIMZI, which is hardly possible using other optical techniques. The proposed multi-domain concept is a promising approach for highly reliable and ultrasensitive chemo- and biosensing.

scholarly journals Electrochemistry in an Optical Fiber Microcavity - Optical Monitoring of Electrochemical Processes in Picoliter Volumes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gabler ◽  
Andrzej Krześniak ◽  
Monika Janik ◽  
Anna Myśliwiec ◽  
Marcin Koba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Micromachining ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrochemical Phenomena

In this work, we demonstrate a novel method for multi-domain analysis of properties of analytes in volumes as small as picoliter, combining electrochemistry and optical measurements. A microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) obtained in a standard single-mode optical fiber using femtosecond laser micromachining was able to accommodate a microelectrode and optically monitor electrochemical processes inside the fiber. The interferometer shows exceptional sensitivity to changes in optical properties of analytes in the microcavity. We show that the optical readout follows the electrochemical reactions. Here, the redox probe (ferrocenedimethanol) undergoing reactions of oxidation and reduction changes the optical properties of the analyte (refractive index and absorbance) that are monitored by the µIMZI. Measurements have been supported by numerical analysis of both optical and electrochemical phenomena. On top of a capability of the approach to perform analysis in microscale, the difference between oxidized and reduced forms in the near-infrared can be clearly measured using the µIMZI, which is hardly possible using other optical techniques. The proposed multi-domain concept is a promising approach for highly reliable and ultrasensitive chemo- and biosensing.

scholarly journals Monolithic Structure-Optical Fiber Sensor with Temperature Compensation for Pressure Measurement

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua Wang ◽  
Xinlei Zhou ◽  
Weina Wu ◽  
Jihua Chen ◽  
Shenlong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Seepage Pressure ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, an optical fiber pressure sensor cascading a diaphragm-assisted Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor comprises an optical fiber, a fused-silica ferrule, and a fused-silica diaphragm. We use a femtosecond laser firstly to fabricate a pit on the end face of the ferrule and then investigate the laser heat conduction welding and deep penetration welding technology for manufacturing the seepage pressure sensor of the all-fused-silica material. We develop a sensor based on a monolithic structured FPI without adhesive bonding by means of all-laser-welding. The pressure characteristics of the sensor have good linearity at different temperatures. Also, the monolithic structured sensor possesses excellent resolution, hysteresis, and long-term stability. The environmental temperature obtained by the FBG is employed to compensate for the difference in seepage pressure at different temperatures, and the difference in seepage pressure responses at different temperatures is shown to be very small after temperature compensation.

Numerical Analysis and Optimal Design of All-Optical Fiber Differential Acceleration Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Ya-Lin Li ◽  
Xiao-Guang Cui ◽  
Xiao-Yong Fang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
All Optical ◽  
The Difference

In order to improve the sensitivity of measurement and realize its miniaturization, an all-optical fiber differential acceleration sensor is studied. This sensor adopts a novel four-port ring fiber coupler, which can realizes the difference of optical signals and the isolation of light source and optical signal. Therefore, the sensitivity of this sensor is doubled compared with that of traditional fiber sensors. The stress–strain relationship simulation results of the sensor probe model show that with the increase of the measured acceleration value, the relative sensitivity, relative resolution, and relative error of the sensor all decrease. In the structural parameters of the probe-sensitive unit, the film thickness has the greatest influence on the performance of the sensor. The radius of the diaphragm 65 μm, a thickness of 2 μm, taking the thickness of the center of mass 20 μm, the mass 20 μm taken radius conditions, sensitivity of this fiber acceleration sensor is not less than 0.0025 m–1 · s2, less than 2% error, the linear measuring range of 0 to 2800 m · s–2. This design combines microelectronics and optical fiber technology, which can more easily realize the miniaturization and multi-function of acceleration sensor.

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