scholarly journals Laser-Induced Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes in Fiber Optic Tips of MMI Devices

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natanael Cuando-Espitia ◽  
Juan Bernal-Martínez ◽  
Miguel Torres-Cisneros ◽  
Daniel May-Arrioja
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Methanol Solutions ◽  
Polymer Dispersant

The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into optical fibers allows the application of their unique properties in robust and versatile devices. Here, we present a laser-induced technique to obtain the deposition of CNTs onto the fiber optics tips of multimode interference (MMI) devices. An MMI device is constructed by splicing a section of no-core fiber (NCF) to a single-mode fiber (SMF). The tip of the MMI device is immersed into a liquid solution of CNTs and laser light is launched into the MMI device. CNTs solutions using water and methanol as solvents were tested. In addition, the use of a polymer dispersant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the CNTs solutions was also studied. We found that the laser-induced deposition of CNTs performed in water-based solutions generates non-uniform deposits. On the other hand, the laser-induced deposition performed with methanol solutions generates uniform deposits over the fiber tip when no PVP is used and deposition at the center of the fiber when PVP is present in the CNTs solution. The results show the crucial role of the solvent on the spatial features of the laser-induced deposition process. Finally, we register and study the reflection spectra of the as-fabricated CNTs deposited MMI devices.

scholarly journals Microdrilled tapers to enhance optical fiber lasers for sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Perez-Herrera ◽  
M. Bravo ◽  
P. Roldan-Varona ◽  
D. Leandro ◽  
L. Rodriguez-Cobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Output Power Level ◽  
Linear Cavity

AbstractIn this work, an experimental analysis of the performance of different types of quasi-randomly distributed reflectors inscribed into a single-mode fiber as a sensing mirror is presented. These artificially-controlled backscattering fiber reflectors are used in short linear cavity fiber lasers. In particular, laser emission and sensor application features are analyzed when employing optical tapered fibers, micro-drilled optical fibers and 50 μm-waist or 100 μm-waist micro-drilled tapered fibers (MDTF). Single-wavelength laser with an output power level of about 8.2 dBm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 45 dB were measured when employing a 50 μm-waist micro-drilled tapered optical fiber. The achieved temperature sensitivities were similar to those of FBGs; however, the strain sensitivity improved more than one order of magnitude in comparison with FBG sensors, attaining slope sensitivities as good as 18.1 pm/με when using a 50 μm-waist MDTF as distributed reflector.

scholarly journals Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Imam Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Power Meter ◽  
Working Principle

The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.

scholarly journals 3D modeling of multimode and single mode fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Murizah Kassim ◽  
Ahmad Syahir Arif Mohd Zaid ◽  
Azlina Idris ◽  
Shahrani Shahbudin ◽  
Roslina Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Multimode Fiber ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Technical Specifications

<span>This paper presents a design of 3D modeling of Multimode and Single Mode Fiber using SolidWorks. Fiber technology is essential that presents optical fiber is the fastest optical cable laid by Internet Service Providers in network communication. The current design of both fibers has less detail animation on technical specifications of light propagations and cladding. Thus, characterization difficulties occur between this two fiber optics cables. It also has less promotion in media publications such as 3D model design as guidance to users. This paper presents details on 3D modeling of multimode mode and single mode fiber specifications held in the industry market.  A 3D design with SolidWorks and comparison of both fiber characteristics are presented. Based on the 3D designed model, users are analyzed on their perspective and searching information which benefits telecommunication’s company. Technical calculations like core-cladding diameter ratio in microns are animated. The propagation of light in 3D single mode and multimode fiber is simulated using SolidWorks animator that presents it real fiber conditions. Result presents 10 most country searching used of both fiber cables and the difference in users search for both cables. A number of user’s search presents 3% more of multimode than single mode fiber search cases. This research is significant in presenting an animator of single and multimode fiber to users of network infrastructure development especially network developers and Telecommunications Company which can present it lively with animator transitions.</span>

scholarly journals Dual Polarization-Based Transmitter Configuration Improving Q-Factor for a Single-Mode Fiber Link

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4286-4289
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Effect ◽  
Communication Range ◽  
Fiber Link

The requirement of the modern application is to transmit wide bandwidth of signal with the low latency. The optical fibers provide wide transmission bandwidth along with very little delay as well as choice on choosing transmission medium for high data rate. However, Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear optical effect that restricts power level into a fiber to few milliwatts. It degrades the Q-factor and consequently the bit error rate of an optical fiber link. For suppression of SBS, various approaches have been used previously such as PSK, ASK, FSK, CSRZ-DQPSK etc. Among all the previous techniques, CSRZ-DQPSK transmitter is considered as the most efficient one for suppression of SBS. However, it consists of some drawbacks such as low spectrum efficiency, susceptibility to phase variation and short communication range, due to which requirement arises of upgrading the previous work. Therefore, in the proposed work (i.e. CSRZ-DP-QPSK), DP-QPSK scheme is used which makes the system more efficient as it has high spectrum efficiency and improved sensitivity. Also, the communication range is elongated in present work. The performance evaluation of CSRZ-DP-QPSK approach has been performed in terms of Q-Factor, BER, and threshold. Also, the comparative analysis of the proposed approach with conventional approaches has been performed and from the obtained results it has been demonstrated that proposed work is more efficient than conventional one as it has better SBS tolerance and improved BER.

Monitoring horizontal well hydraulic stimulations and geomechanical deformation processes in the unconventional shales of the Midland Basin using fiber-based time-lapse VSPs, microseismic, and strain data

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hull ◽  
Robert Meek ◽  
Hector Bello ◽  
Kevin Woller ◽  
Jed Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Fracture Geometry ◽  
Fracture Models

A variety of methods are utilized in an instrumented vertical wellbore to invert for and estimate the heights and lateral extents of the hydraulic fracture treatment. Data were acquired with externally mounted dual- and single-mode fiber optics for measuring strain, acoustics, and temperature. In addition, external pressure gauges, internal conventional tiltmeters, and geophones were also utilized. This instrumented well was used multiple times to record a number of nearby offset horizontal hydraulic stimulations and to record a time-lapse vertical seismic profile. By using multiple data acquisition techniques, we obtained a more comprehensive and accurate estimation of the hydraulic fracture geometry and the dynamic processes taking place internal to the propagating fractures. Furthermore, these data could be used to calibrate fracture models and the fracture interaction with the surrounding unconventional reservoir.

scholarly journals An Optical Fiber Sensor Coated with Electrospinning Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Film

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6996
Author(s):  
Jinze Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Jianqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Humidity Response ◽  
Sensitive Film ◽  
Nanofiber Film ◽  
Humidity Sensitivity

A fiber-optics tapered sensor that is covered by an electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber film, is demonstrated to measure humidity and temperature simultaneously. A section multi-mode fiber (MMF) was sandwiched between two leading-in and out single mode fibers (SMFs), which was further tapered down to 29 μm to promote the humidity sensitivity of the sensor. A thin layer of electrospinning PVA nanofiber film was uniformly coated on the MMF taper region by electrospinning technology. In order to promote the humidity sensitivity and mechanical strength of electrospinning nanofibers, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were mixed into PVA to formed PVA/CNTs composite nanofiber film. A Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) was cascaded with the humidity sensing fiber to monitor the ambient temperature simultaneously. The addition of CNTs effectively eliminated the cracks on the electrospinning nanofiber and made it more uniform and smoother. As experimental results show, the humidity sensitivity of the sensor with PVA/CNTs film was 0.0484 dB/%RH, an improvement of 31.16% compared to that of the sensor with PVA film, for which sensitivity is 0.0369 dB/%RH. The nanofiber humidity-sensitive film constructed using electrospinning had a satisfactory humidity response, special 3D structure and extensive application prospect.

scholarly journals Stellar Diameter Measurements with Fiber Optic Double Fourier Interferometry—Experimental Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
Peiqian Zhao ◽  
V. Coudé Du Foresto ◽  
J.-M. Mariotti ◽  
P. Lena ◽  
Bifang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Path Difference ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Beam Combination ◽  
Long Baseline

Long baseline optical interferometry has been successfully employed to measure the diameters of stars. In this technique, bandwidth smearing can affect the measurement accuracy. These bandwidth smearing effects can be, to some extent, eliminated by dividing the whole observing spectral band into sub-bands and calculating the star's diameter based on the visibilities and spatial frequencies at the corresponding sub-bands. In the visible range, dividing the whole spectral band can be implemented by introducing a spectrograph, while in the IR domain, this operation can be performed efficiently with the technique of double Fourier interferometry (DFI) without losing the advantage of multiplexing. In particular, the use of IR single-mode fiber optics for DFI will make the interferometer extremely compact, light, insensitive to surrounding conditions, etc. We established an IR single-mode fiber optic double Fourier interferometer in the laboratory, in which the optical path difference modulations are generated by stretching fiber arms and the beam combination is carried out with a fiber optic directional coupler. In this paper, we report on experiments and experimental results from measurements of the diameter of an artificial star with the technique of fiber optic DFI.

Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Blood with Different Concentration of Zinc

2020 ◽  
Vol 1002 ◽  
pp. 290-299
Author(s):  
Raghad Hani ◽  
Bushra R. Mahdi ◽  
Ayad Z. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Concentration Change ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Output Laser

Zinc is one of the important material in human blood because of its effect in defensive system work for properly and it plays an important role in growth, wound healing Medically zinc concentration effect directly in skin health so it's important to make a sensor for discover zinc and its concentration change in human blood for each of male and female. Optical fibers are used as a sensor for detecting zinc and its concentration by transmitted laser signal through the optical fiber by using different types (single mode fiber SMF, photonic crystal fiber PCF) by studying the results of output laser the detection can be seen for zinc concentration change, the design of small PCF which the same LMA_10 but smaller in its radius of core and cladding even the distance between cores. The smallest PCF size has the best detection for all zinc concentration change in blood all that was done by comsol Multiphysics 5.4 simulation program

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