scholarly journals 3D Hermite Transform Optical Flow Estimation in Left Ventricle CT Sequences

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mira ◽  
Ernesto Moya-Albor ◽  
Boris Escalante-Ramírez ◽  
Jimena Olveres ◽  
Jorge Brieva ◽  
...  

Heart diseases are the most important causes of death in the world and over the years, the study of cardiac movement has been carried out mainly in two dimensions, however, it is important to consider that the deformations due to the movement of the heart occur in a three-dimensional space. The 3 D + t analysis allows to describe most of the motions of the heart, for example, the twisting motion that takes place on every beat cycle that allows us identifying abnormalities of the heart walls. Therefore, it is necessary to develop algorithms that help specialists understand the cardiac movement. In this work, we developed a new approach to determine the cardiac movement in three dimensions using a differential optical flow approach in which we use the steered Hermite transform (SHT) which allows us to decompose cardiac volumes taking advantage of it as a model of the human vision system (HVS). Our proposal was tested in complete cardiac computed tomography (CT) volumes ( 3 D + t ), as well as its respective left ventricular segmentation. The robustness to noise was tested with good results. The evaluation of the results was carried out through errors in forwarding reconstruction, from the volume at time t to time t + 1 using the optical flow obtained (interpolation errors). The parameters were tuned extensively. In the case of the 2D algorithm, the interpolation errors and normalized interpolation errors are very close and below the values reported in ground truth flows. In the case of the 3D algorithm, the results were compared with another similar method in 3D and the interpolation errors remained below 0.1. These results of interpolation errors for complete cardiac volumes and the left ventricle are shown graphically for clarity. Finally, a series of graphs are observed where the characteristic of contraction and dilation of the left ventricle is evident through the representation of the 3D optical flow.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
I. E. Obramenko

Introduction. About 0.2 % of the adult population all over the world suffers from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Early and timely diagnosis of the apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains an urgent medical problem, since the disease has a wide variability of clinical manifestations and often occurs asymptomatic or with symptoms of other heart diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging is an informative method of radiation diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The aim is improving of radiology diagnostics in applying to the apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods. 98 patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aged 19 to 76 years were еxamined. There were 48 men and 50 women. All subjects were examined by a cardiologist, all patients underwent electrocardiography and echocardiography, 45 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart. Results. In our study 13 patients had MRI determined the isolated form of apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 32 had combined one. 42.2% of the patients with symmetrical hypertrophy of all apical segments had sawtoothed configuration of the LV revealed by MRI. The symptom of left ventricular cavity obliteration was determined in 19 patients. The symptom of LV cavity sequestration was determined in 5 subjects. 5 patients had an aneurysm on the top of the left ventricle, 1 – on the top of the right ventricle. Signs of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction were visualized in 2 patients, intraventricular obstruction at the level of the middle segments of the left ventricle was determined in 5 cases. Akinesis and hypokinesis were detected in areas of fibrous changes (n=21) or in areas of cardiosclerosis (n=2). In 17.8 % of subjects identified non-compacted myocardium, in 3 cases it was combined with apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. With contrast enhancement in 29 patients, foci (n=22) or zones (n=7) of pathological accumulation of contrast agent were determined, which indicated the replacement of myocardium with fibrous tissue.


2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Yao Hui Zhu ◽  
Chee Mun Lum ◽  
Shao Yin Duan

Doing the heart three-dimensional CT imaging (3DCT), the writers found 3DCT can clearly show the left ventricular apical thinning (LVAT). Purpose: To observe the shape of LVAT and measure related parameters in the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases. Methods: 12 cadaveric heart specimens were observed, and the thickness of LVAT was measured, as well as the thickest myocardium of left ventricle (TMLV). There are 69 cases imaging data of the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases without heart diseases from PACS in our hospital, with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), Volume rendering (VR), the LVAT was clearly shown and measured. Measuring parameters include the thickness of LVAT, TMLV and the distance between the LVAT and the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery (DBLCA). Statistical comparisons were made. Results: In all cadaveric heart specimens of 12 cases were found the LVAT, the thickness of LVAT, TMLV was 1.74 mm ± 0.32 mm, 13.07 mm ± 1.48 mm. 3DCT clearly showed the LVAT in the 69 cases, whose thickness was 1.17 mm ± 0.43 mm in the diastole phase and 1.19 mm ± 0.48 mm in the systole phase. The thickness of TMLV was 12.02 mm ± 1.66mm, and the distance between the LVAT and DBLCA was 13.70mm ± 3.78 mm in the diastole phase. There were not significant differences in the LVAT thickness between systole and diastole phases (t = 0.366, p > 0.5), but there are significant differences in measuring the thickness of myocardium between the anatomy and 3DCT (t = 2.210, 0.01< P<0.05). Conclusion: The LVAT can be clearly shown by anatomy and 3DCT, and its thickness does not change in the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Xuchu Wang ◽  
Fusheng Wang ◽  
Yanmin Niu

Cardiac MRI left ventricular (LV) detection is frequently employed to assist cardiac registration or segmentation in computer-aided diagnosis of heart diseases. Focusing on the challenging problems in LV detection, such as the large span and varying size of LV areas in MRI, as well as the heterogeneous myocardial and blood pool parts in LV areas, a convolutional neural network (CNN) detection method combining discriminative dictionary learning and sequence tracking is proposed in this paper. To efficiently represent the different sub-objects in LV area, the method deploys discriminant dictionary to classify the superpixel oversegmented regions, then the target LV region is constructed by label merging and multi-scale adaptive anchors are generated in the target region for handling the varying sizes. Combining with non-differential anchors in regional proposal network, the left ventricle object is localized by the CNN based regression and classification strategy. In order to solve the problem of slow classification speed of discriminative dictionary, a fast generation module of left ventricular scale adaptive anchors based on sequence tracking is also proposed on the same individual. The method and its variants were tested on the heart atlas data set. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method and according to some evaluation indicators, it obtained 92.95% in AP50 metric and it was the most competitive result compared to typical related methods. The combination of discriminative dictionary learning and scale adaptive anchor improves adaptability of the proposed algorithm to the varying left ventricular areas. This study would be beneficial in some cardiac image processing such as region-of-interest cropping and left ventricle volume measurement.


2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (26) ◽  
pp. 1052-1062
Author(s):  
Andrea Daragó ◽  
Gerda Schwegler ◽  
Eszter Szabó ◽  
Dorina Barkó ◽  
Réka P. Szabó ◽  
...  

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Mind a dializált, mind a veseátültetett betegek körében vezető haláloknak számít a cardiovascularis megbetegedés. E mögött főképp bal kamrai hypertrophia, volumenterheltség, következményes szívritmuszavar, szívbillentyű-elégtelenség, fokozott atherosclerosis állhat. Célkitűzés: Célunk a vesetranszplantáció hatásának vizsgálata a bal kamra pumpafunkciójára, a szívritmuszavarokat kiváltó és meghatározó tényezőkre és a vitiumokra nézve. Módszerek: A 2014. december 20. és 2018. június 21. közti időintervallumban, a Debreceni Egyetem Szervtranszplantációs Tanszékén felnőtt betegeken végzett veseátültetéseket vizsgáltuk retrospektív analízissel (n = 184). Vesetranszplantációt megelőzően, illetve azt követően 6 és 12 hónappal az echokardiográfiás, a laboratóriumi és a gyógyszeres terápiás értékeket tanulmányoztuk. A statisztikai elemzéseket khi-négyzet-próbával, Fisher-féle egzakt teszttel és Kruskal–Wallis-féle varianciaanalízissel (ANOVA) végeztük (szignifikancia: p<0,05). Eredmények: A bal kamra végsystolés tágassága az átültetés előtt 34,67 mm volt, míg a 6 hónapos eredmény 31,82 mm, a 12 hónapos 32,68 mm volt (p = 0,01). Átültetés előtt a stroke prevalenciája 7,87% volt, míg a beavatkozás után nem fordult elő szélütés (p<0,001). Transzplantáció hatására a bal pitvari átmérő (43,68 mm; 41,59 mm; 41,00 mm; p = 0,0417) és a káliumszint (4,98 mmol/l; 4,49 mmol/l; 4,49 mmol/l; p = 0,01) szignifikáns változást igazolt. Műtét előtt II. fokú mitralis regurgitatiót észleltünk 10,7%-nál, mely 4,3%-ra, majd 2,1%-ra csökkent (p = 0,03). Transzplantációt megelőzően a billentyűmeszesedés előfordulása diabetesesek között 45% (p = 0,20), 6 hónap múlva 46,7% (p = 0,018), 12 hónap múlva 60,0% (p = 0,024) volt. Következtetés: Transzplantáció után a bal pitvari átmérő, a végsystolés bal kamrai átmérő regrediál, csökken a pitvari ritmuszavarok kialakulásának gyakorisága. A mitralis regurgitatio közepesen súlyos fokainál szignifikáns javulást, a diabeteses populáción belül szignifikáns emelkedést tapasztaltunk a meszes billentyűk számát tekintve. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(26): 1052–1062. Summary. Introduction: Among the population suffering from end-stage renal failure and the population after kidney transplantation, the leading reason of death is cardiovascular triggered by left ventricular hypertrophy, volume overload, consecutive arrhythmias, valvular insufficiency and increased artherosclerosis. Objective: This study was aimed at examining the effect of kidney transplantation on pump function of the left ventricle, arrhythmic substrates and valvular heart diseases. Methods: At the Division of Organ Transplantation, University of Debrecen, we carried out a retrospective data analysis of adult patients (n = 184) who had kidney transplantation in the period between December 2014 and June 2018. Preoperatively and, then, postoperatively (at 6 and 12 months) we studied the echocardiographic parameters, the laboratory results. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square/Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The results were regarded significant if p<0.05 was found. Results: Preoperatively the end-systolic diameter of the left ventricle was 34.67 mm, whereas 6 and 12 months later these values were 31.82 mm and 32.68 mm (p = 0.01). The prevalence of stroke was 7.87% preoperatively; there was no stroke detected postoperatively (p<0.001). The impact of transplantation on the left atrial diameter (43.68 mm; 41.59 mm; 41.00 mm; p = 0.04) and seral potassium level (4.98 mmol/l; 4.49 mmol/l; 4.49 mmol/l; p<0.01) showed significant improvement. Before transplantation, grade 2 mitral regurgitation was observed in 10.7% of the patients, whereas it reduced to 4.3%, then to 2.1% 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.03). Preoperative valvular calcification was detected in 45% of the diabetic study population (p = 0.20), 6 and 12 months later, in 46.7% (p = 0.018) and 60.0% (p = 0.024). Conclusion: After transplantation, the left atrial and the end-systolic diameter of the left ventricle regrediated, decreasing the frequency of arrhythmic episodes. The number of the middle grade mitral valve regurgitation decreased and the calcification among diabetic population increased significantly. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(26): 1052–1062.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Escalante-Ramírez ◽  
S. L. Gomez-Coronel

This work presents a watermarking technique in digital images using a brightness model and the Hermite Transform (HT). The HT is an image representation model that incorporates important properties of the Human Vision System (HVS), such as the analysis of local orientation, and the model of Gaussian derivatives of early vision. The proposed watermarking scheme is based on a perceptive model that takes advantage of the masking characteristics of the HVS, thus allowing the generation of a watermark that cannot be detected by a human observer. The mask is constructed using a brightness model that exploits the limited sensibility of the human visual system for noise detection in areas of high or low brightness. Experimental results show the imperceptibility of the watermark and the fact that the proposed algorithm is robust to most common processing attacks. For the case of geometric distortions, an image normalization stage is carried out prior to the watermarking.


1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. H277-H284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Appleyard ◽  
S. A. Glantz

Left ventricular (LV) volume can be estimated from three orthogonal dimensions measured by sonomicrometry. Often, an index based on fewer than three dimensions has been substituted for volume. We consider whether a consistent relationship between LV cross-sectional area, computed as the product of the minor axes dimensions and LV three-dimensional volume, is maintained throughout the responses to application and release of vena caval, pulmonary artery, and aortic occlusions, which were held for approximately 30 beats. In six dogs, the relationship between area and volume was highly linear, with an average correlation of 0.98 and standard error of the estimate of 0.9 ml. Within each dog, there were small but statistically significant differences in the intercepts in the regression lines among the three interventions. However, the magnitude of these differences averaged only 0.5 ml. There was not a systematic difference between the relationship for vena caval and pulmonary artery occlusions, and the relationship for aortic occlusions shifted upward by an average of only 0.8 ml. We conclude that cross-sectional area can be substituted for the three-dimensional volume during the transient responses to acute alterations in the external load conditions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Juliana Botelho Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Peixoto Mendonça ◽  
Erika Tavares Ferreira ◽  
Celiana Ribeiro Pereira De Assis ◽  
Núbia Cristina Do Carmo

A cardiopatia com dupla via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (DVSVE) é uma anomalia rara, podendo estar associada com ventrículo esquerdo único, o que a torna mais incomum. Lactente, 6 meses, sexo feminino, admitida em pronto socorro com história de dificuldade de ganho de peso, cansaço às mamadas e atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. À ausculta cardíaca apresentava bulhas hiperfonéticas e sopro holossistólico panfocal, mais audível em borda esternal esquerda. Ictus cordis palpável e propulsivo. Apresentava aumento do diâmetro anteroposterior torácico, com retração intercostal e subcostal. Radiografia de tórax demonstrou aumento da área cardíaca e da trama vascular; eletrocardiograma evidenciou sobrecarga atrial e ventricular esquerdas. O ecocardiograma demonstrou situs solitus em levocardia com ventrículo único tipo esquerdo, câmara ventricular direita rudimentar, com dupla via de saída de ventrículo esquerdo, aorta anterior e artéria pulmonar posterior dilatada. Mantida em internação para aguardar correção cirúrgica, evoluiu com quadro de pneumonia nosocomial, descompensação cardiovascular e respiratória, com necessidade de intubação orotraqueal e ventilação mecânica, tendo como desfecho o óbito. A DVSVE é uma entidade heterogênea com diversas variações anatômicas, sendo um delas o ventrículo único. A coexistência dessas associações se torna rara e pouco descrita na literatura. A avaliação do recém-nascido com suspeita de cardiopatia deve ser realizada de maneira cautelosa. O ecocardiograma permite a confirmação diagnóstica. Crianças com cardiopatia congênita apresentam maior risco de complicações infecciosas, sobretudo naquelas com hiperfluxo pulmonar. O tratamento é paliativo e consiste em intervenção cirúrgica. O diagnóstico precoce de cardiopatias congênitas passíveis de intervenção é fundamental para que seja programada a correção cirúrgica o mais breve possível, a fim de promover maior sobrevida ao paciente e reduzir a morbimortalidade.  Palavras-chave: Cardiopatias; Anomalia Congênita; Ventrículos do Coração. ABSTRACT Double outlet left ventricle heart disease is a rare anomaly and may be associated with a single ventricle of the left type, which makes it more uncommon. Infant, 6 months, female, admitted in the emergency room with history of difficulty gaining weight, tiredness to feedings and delayed neuropsychomotor development. Cardiac auscultation presented hyperphonectic sounds and panfocal holosystolic murmur, more audible at the left sternal border. Palpable and propulsive Ictus cordis. Thoracic diameter increased with intercostal and subcostal retraction. Chest X-ray showing increased cardiac area and vascular weave; Electrocardiogram showed atrial and left ventricular overload. The echocardiogram showed situs solitus in levocardia with single left ventricle, rudimentary right ventricle chamber, with left ventricular outflow tract, anterior aorta and dilated posterior pulmonary artery. Maintained in hospital to await surgical correction, evolution with hospitable pneumonia, cardiovascular and respiratory decompensating, requiring orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, with the outcome of death. The LVEDV is a heterogeneous entity with several anatomical variations, one of them being the single ventricle. A coexistence associates becomes rare and little described in the literature. An evaluation of the newborn with suspected cardiopathy should be performed with caution. The echocardiogram allows diagnostic confirmation. Children with congenital heart disease have an increased risk of infectious complications, especially in those with pulmonary hyperflow. The treatment is palliative and consists of surgical intervention. The prior diagnosis of congenital heart diseases that are amenable to intervention is essential for the timing of surgical correction or as soon as possible, in order to promote greater patient survival and reduce morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Heart Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Heart Ventricles.


1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
U. Büll ◽  
S. Bürger ◽  
B. E. Strauer

Studies were carried out in order to determine the factors influencing myocardial 201T1 uptake. A total of 158 patients was examined with regard to both 201T1 uptake and the assessment of left ventricular and coronary function (e. g. quantitative ventriculography, coronary arteriography, coronary blood flow measurements). Moreover, 42 animal experiments (closed chest cat) were performed. The results demonstrate that:1) 201T1 uptake in the normal and hypertrophied human heart is linearly correlated with the muscle mass of the left ventricle (LVMM);2) 201T1 uptake is enhanced in the inner (subendocardial) layer and is decreased in the outer (subepicardial) layer of the left ventricular wall. The 201T1 uptake of the right ventricle is 40% lower in comparison to the left ventricle;3) the basic correlation between 201T1 uptake and LVMM is influenced by alterations of both myocardial flow and myocardial oxygen consumption; and4) inotropic interventions (isoproterenol, calcium, norepinephrine) as well as coronary dilatation (dipyridamole) may considerably augment 201T1 uptake in accordance with changes in myocardial oxygen consumption and/or myocardial flow.It is concluded that myocardial 201T1 uptake is determined by multiple factors. The major determinants have been shown to include (i) muscle mass, (ii) myocardial flow and (iii) myocardial oxygen consumption. The clinical data obtained from patient groups with normal ventricular function, with coronary artery disease, with left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and with different degree of left ventricular hypertrophy are correlated with quantitated myocardial 201T1 uptake.


2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-522
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Ryazanov ◽  
Konstantin I. Kapitonov ◽  
Mariya V. Makarovskaya ◽  
Alexey A. Kudryavtsev

Background. Morbidity and mortality in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) remains high, however, no pharmacological therapy has been proven to be effective.Aimsto study the effect of sacubitrile/valsartan and valsartan on functional mitral regurgitation in chronic heart failure.Methods.This double-blind study randomly assigned sacubitrile/valsartan or valsartan in addition to standard drug therapy for heart failure among 100 patients with heart failure with chronic FMR (secondary to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction). The primary endpoint was a change in the effective area of the regurgitation hole during the 12-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints included changes in the volume of regurgitation, the final systolic volume of the left ventricle, the final diastolic volume of the left ventricle, and the area of incomplete closure of the mitral valves.Results.The decrease in the effective area of the regurgitation hole was significantly more pronounced in the sacubitrile/valsartan group than in the valsartan group (0.070.066against0.030.058sm2; p=0.018)in the treatment efficacy analysis, which included 100patients (100%). The regurgitation volume also significantly decreased in the sacubitrile/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group (mean difference:8.4ml; 95%CI, from 13.2 until 1.9;р=0.21). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding changes in the area ofincomplete closure of the mitral valves and LV volumes, with the exception of the index of the final LV diastolic volume (p=0.07).Conclusion.Among patients with secondary FMR, sacubitril/valsartan reduced MR more than valsartan. Thus, angiotensin receptor inhibitors and neprilysin can be considered for optimal drug treatment of patients with heart failure and FMR.


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