scholarly journals Estimating and Analyzing Long-Term Multi-GNSS Inter-System Bias Based on Uncombined PPP

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Changjian Liu ◽  
Guorui Xiao ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Xu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Full Rank ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Galileo System ◽  
System Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Reference Clock

With the development of precise positioning with multi-GNSS, the inter-system bias (ISB) has become an issue that cannot be ignored. ISB is introduced from the differences among satellite reference clocks and different receiver hardware delay biases. To analyze the characteristics of multi-GNSS ISB, the precise point positioning (PPP) with full-rank uncombined model was derived for GLONASS, BDS, GALILEO, while the GPS receiver clock was selected as the reference. In addition, a recommended ISB parameter processing model was adopted. Data of 28-days from the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) station was used to estimate and analyze the ISB parameters. Based on a statistical analysis of the acquired data, results demonstrate that: (a) The rms of multi-GNSS PPP positional bias can reach 4.6 mm, 3.4 mm and 8.5 mm for E, N and U directions, respectively, which guarantees the reliability and accuracy of the ISB parameter solution. (b) The intra-day ISB time series of the three groups is relatively stable with standard deviations less than 0.6 ns. The ISB parameters between the GALILEO and GPS system are the most stable and the standard deviation was the smallest, at about 0.37 ns, which may be related to the good signal quality of the GALILEO system. (c) The mean of the single-day solution of the ISB parameter is not stable and the amplitude of the jump can be up to 60 ns. However, each station shows a similar variation for the same ISB parameter on the same day. The situation is independent of the type of receiver and antenna; however, it may be affected by the satellite reference clock of different systems. (d) There is a clear relationship between the ISB parameters and receiver types.

scholarly journals Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life of Surgically Treated Pituitary Adenoma Patients: A Descriptive Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raappana ◽  
T. Pirilä ◽  
T. Ebeling ◽  
P. Salmela ◽  
H. Sintonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Somatostatin Analog ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Generic Hrqol Instrument

Context. The literature concerning the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with surgically treated PA is controversial. Objective. To describe the long-term HRQoL of surgically treated patients in all PA classes. Design and subjects. The 15D, a generic HRQoL instrument producing a 15-dimensional profile and a single 15D index score (a difference ≥0.03 on a 0-1 scale is considered clinically important), was used to assess the HRQoL of a 13-year surgical cohort of PA patients in Northern Finland. Results and Conclusion. Nighty-eight eligible consecutive patients with surgically treated PA were studied at an average of 6.3 years after their latest pituitary operation. The average postoperative 15D profiles in patients with non-functioning PA and in acromegalics without GH-suppressive medical treatment were similar to those of the age-standardized general population. However, after this rather long followup, the mean 15D score and the number of statistically significant 15D dimension impairments, compared with those of their reference population, were 0.11 and 9/15, 0.10 and 3/15, and 0.08 and 7/15 for Cushing’s disease, acromegalics needing somatostatin analog, and prolactinoma patients, respectively. Hypopituitarism with replacement medication was not associated with impaired HRQoL. The somatostatin-analog-associated HRQoL finding warrants further clinical research.

736 PL11.04 HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CANCER FOLLOWING ESOPHAGECTOMY TREATED WITH NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY OR CHEMOTHERAPY: EUROPEAN MULTICENTER STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannet Schuring ◽  
Sheraz Markar ◽  
Eliza R C Hagens ◽  
Egle Jezerskyte ◽  
Mirjam A G Sprangers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eortc Qlq

Abstract   Curative treatment for patients with esophageal cancer consists of neoadjuvant treatment and radical surgical resection. Two different strategies exist; patients can either be treated with perioperative chemotherapy (CT) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Both strategies improve 5-year survival rates, it is however not known if these treatments affect long-term Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) differently. The aim of this study was to compare HR-QoL between patients following CT and CRT followed by esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Methods The LASER study database comprises data of a multicenter European study, with focus on HR-QoL among disease-free patients at least one year following an esophagectomy for esophageal or junctional cancer. Included patients completed the LASER, EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-OG25 questionnaires. From this database we extracted patients either treated with CT or CRT for analysis. The primary endpoint was the mean difference in all long-term HR-QoL domains and LASER key symptom scores, using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The secondary endpoint was to compare the reported HR-QoL domain scores in the study population to the reference values of the general population. Results Among the 565 included patients, 349 (61.8%) received CRT, and 216 (38.2%) were treated with CT. The mean age was 63.7 years (±SD 8.6), and mean time since surgery was 4.3 years (±SD 1.7). After multivariable analysis, patients treated with CT reported worse outcomes on ‘Social Functioning’ (∆means 4.56, p-value<0.05), more symptomatology on domains ‘Insomnia’ (∆means 5.65 p-value<0.05) and ‘Diarrhea’ (∆means 5.93 p-value<0.05) of the QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and more symptomatology on domains ‘Reflux’ (∆means 7.40, p-value<0.05), ‘Odynophagia’(∆means 4.66 p-value<0.05) and ‘Pain and discomfort’(∆means 4.34, p-value<0.05) of the QLQ-OG25 questionnaire. No differences were observed for the LASER key symptoms. Conclusion Significant differences in favor of CRT were observed in several long-term HR-QoL domains for patients following esophagectomy for cancer. However, none of the observed differences in the reported long-term HR-QoL domains between patients treated with CT or with CRT, were clinically relevant (∆means≠ ≥ 10 points). Selection of neoadjuvant therapy should therefore be based on patient characteristics.

scholarly journals Examining the Associations between Oases Soundscape Components and Walking Speed: Correlation or Causation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4619
Author(s):  
Djihed Berkouk ◽  
Tallal Abdel Karim Bouzir ◽  
Luigi Maffei ◽  
Massimiliano Masullo
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

The feeling of calm and tranquillity provided by the oases of Algeria can disappear because of the outdated urbanization strategy which is based on the vehicle as a mode of transport. Walkability is one of the most adoptable sustainable strategies to reduce the negative mechanical transportation effects on the quality of life. This paper aimed to examine the correlation and the causation between oases soundscape components and walking speed. The methodology of this field study was based on an empirical approach at the urban settlements in three oases in Algeria. The correlation between walking speed and soundscape components was obtained through the use of the Spearman correlation test. A one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to assess the effect of the soundscape components on walking speed. A post hoc Tukey test was adopted to explore the sound component that causes increased walking speed. In this study, no significant correlation was explored between the walking speed and the anthrophonical sounds. In contrast, the statistical analysis of the sound walks experience suggests a moderate and significant negative correlation between geophonical and biophonical sounds, with mean walking speed. The results showed that, the cause of the increase in the mean walking speed of the pedestrians is human sound. The findings suggest that further research is needed to focus on the long-term subjective investigation to explore the correlations and the effects between soundscape, walkability and walking speed.

Identifying Effectors of Outcomes in Patients with Large Umbilical Hernias

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Groene ◽  
Davis W. Heniford ◽  
Tanushree Prasad ◽  
Amy E. Lincourt ◽  
Vedra A. Augenstein
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Hernia ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

Quality of life (QOL) has become an important focus of hernia repair outcomes. This study aims to identify factors which lead to ideal outcomes (asymptomatic and without recurrence) in large umbilical hernias (defect size ≥9 cm2). Review of the prospective International Hernia Mesh Registry was performed. The Carolinas Comfort Scale was used to measure QOL at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Demographics, operative details, complications, and QOL data were evaluated using standard statistical methods. Forty-four large umbilical hernia repairs were analyzed. Demographics included: average age 53.6 ± 12.0 and body mass index 34.9 ± 7.2 kg/m2. The mean defect size was 21.7 ± 16.9 cm2, and 72.7 per cent were performed laparoscopically. Complications included hematoma (2.3%), seroma (12.6%), and recurrence (9.1%). Follow-up and ideal outcomes were one month = 28.2 per cent, six months = 42.9 per cent, one year = 55.6 per cent. All patients who remained symptomatic at one and two years were significantly symptomatic before surgery. Symptomatic preoperative activity limitation was a significant predictor of nonideal outcomes at one year ( P = 0.02). Symptomatic preoperative pain was associated with nonideal outcomes at one year, though the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.06). Operative technique, mesh choice, and fixation technique did not impact recurrence or QOL. Repair of umbilical hernia with defects ≥9 cm2 had a surprising low rate of ideal outcomes (asymptomatic and no recurrence). All patients with nonideal long-term outcomes had preoperative pain and activity limitations. These data may suggest that umbilical hernia should be repaired when they are small and asymptomatic.

Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury and elevated intracranial pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Jagannathan ◽  
David O. Okonkwo ◽  
Hian Kwang Yeoh ◽  
Aaron S. Dumont ◽  
Dwight Saulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
The Mean

Object The management strategies and outcomes in pediatric patients with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are examined in this study. Methods This study was a retrospective review of a prospectively acquired pediatric trauma database. More than 750 pediatric patients with brain injury were seen over a 10-year period. Records were retrospectively reviewed to determine interventions for correcting ICP, and surviving patients were contacted prospectively to determine functional status and quality of life. Only patients with 2 years of follow-up were included in the study. Results Ninety-six pediatric patients (age range 3–18 years) were identified with a Glasgow Coma Scale score < 8 and elevated ICP > 20 mm Hg on presentation. The mean injury severity score was 65 (range 30–100). All patients were treated using a standardized head injury protocol. The mean time course until peak ICP was 69 hours postinjury (range 2–196 hours). Intracranial pressure control was achieved in 82 patients (85%). Methods employed to achieve ICP control included maximal medical therapy (sedation, hyperosmolar therapy, and paralysis) in 34 patients (35%), ventriculostomy in 23 patients (24%), and surgery in 39 patients (41%). Fourteen patients (15%) had refractory ICP despite all interventions, and all of these patients died. Seventy-two patients (75%) were discharged from the hospital, whereas 24 (25%) died during hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of vascular injury, refractory ICP, and cisternal effacement at presentation had the highest correlation with subsequent death (p < 0.05). Mean follow-up was 53 months (range 11–126 months). Three patients died during the follow-up period (2 due to infections and 1 committed suicide). The mean 2-year Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 4 (median 4, range 1–5). The mean patient competency rating at follow-up was 4.13 out of 5 (median 4.5, range 1–4.8). Univariate analysis revealed that the extent of intracranial and systemic injuries had the highest correlation with long-term quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusions Controlling elevated ICP is an important factor in patient survival following severe pediatric TBI. The modality used for ICP control appears to be less important. Long-term follow-up is essential to determine neurocognitive sequelae associated with TBI.

Framing a Satellite Based Asset Tracking (SPARTACUS) within Smart City Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Casciati ◽  
Sara Casciati ◽  
Clemente Fuggini ◽  
Lucia Faravelli ◽  
Ivan Tesfai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Asset Tracking ◽  
Galileo System ◽  
Galileo Satellite ◽  
Gps System

 “Smart city” is a term currently used to denote cities moved by the opportunity to enhance the quality of life and the security of their citizens. Attention is here focused on the concept that the development of smart cities can also be achieved by improving the efficiency of civil infrastructures through a real-time monitoring. This is the specific target of the European Union FP7 project (SPARTACUS), moved from the parallel chance to develop industry pull applications for the European EGNOS and GALILEO satellite systems. In this paper, laboratory tests are carried out to provide specific devices the ability to run while satisfying the requirements of the incoming GALILEO system. Moreover, some of the targets are achieved within the current GPS system. An extensive experimental campaign is offered to validate the units in such a scenario.

scholarly journals Adult long-term health-related quality of life of congenital hydrocephalus patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Kutscher ◽  
Ulf Nestler ◽  
Matthias K. Bernhard ◽  
Andreas Merkenschlager ◽  
Ulrich Thome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean

OBJECT Congenital hydrocephalus has a major impact on the lives of patients and their relatives, as well as their long-term neurological development and social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients after reaching adulthood. METHODS A total of 31 patients who required CSF shunt treatment for congenital hydrocephalus within the 1st year of life (between 1963 and 1987) agreed to undergo a structured SF-36 self-assessment. An age-matched German standard cohort was used as control. Additional parameters of surgical, social, and global neurological outcome were analyzed. The mean patient age was 35 years (range 26–51 years, 13 females and 18 males). Hydrocephalus etiologies were posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (n = 9), postinfectious hydrocephalus (n = 5), aqueductal stenosis (n = 10), myelomeningocele (n = 2), and unknown cause (n = 5). RESULTS The mean modified Rankin Scale score was 1.6 (range 0–4). Hydrocephalic patients achieved lower scores for the SF-36 items physical functioning (70.5 vs 93.5, p < 0.05), physical role functioning (74.2 vs 88.3, p < 0.05), and general health perceptions (64.5 vs 72.3, p < 0.05). Emotional, social role functioning, and mental health items did not differ between the groups. Assessment of vitality and pain resulted in a trend to worse values. Whereas the Physical Component Summary score was lower (46.1 vs 54.3, p < 0.05), the Mental Component Summary score was not significantly different (50.2 vs 48.7, p = 0.3). There was neither a statistically significant difference between subgroups of different etiologies nor an association with the number of subsequent hydrocephalus-related surgeries. CONCLUSIONS Adult HRQOL for patients with congenital hydrocephalus appears to be similar to that for healthy con with regard to mental health and social functioning aspects. Physical impairment is a predominant factor of compro quality of life.

Effects of methylthiouracil treatment on the growth and moult of cashmere fibre in goats

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
S. R. McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Fibre

AbstractThe effect of long-term treatment of goats with methylthiouracil on the timing, amount and quality of secondary fibre (cashmere) growth and timing of cashmere moult in goats was investigated. From early June, groups of 10 Icelandic × Scottish feral goats were dosed orally each day, for a 15-month period, with 5 mg methylthiouracil per kg live weight in 30 ml water (treated; T) or with water only (control; C). Treatment with methylthiouracil resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0·05) in the proportion of active secondary hair follicles present during March. This was associated with a delayed onset of moult of cashmere in T compared with C goats at both the head (11 March v. 23 February; s.e. 3·33 days; P< 0·05) and mid side (27 March v. 26 February; s.e. 3·58 days; P < 0·001). There was no effect on the time of onset (C, 19 July; T, 19 July; s.e. 5·84 days) or cessation of cashmere fibre growth (C, 9 December; T, 8 December; s.e. 1·69 days) or the mean growth rate (C, 0·473 mm/day; T, 0·451 mm/day; s.e. 0·025) and fibre diameter (C, 16·9 μm; T, 15·4 jim; s.e. 0·266). Wlien present in the fleece, the mean weight and proportion of cashmere was higher in C than in T goats (P < 0·05). It is concluded that methylthiouracil treatment altered secondary follicle activity and the time of onset of the moult of cashmere and that these changes may be a result of reduced triiodothyronine production from thyroxine and associated secondary changes in profiles of insulin and IGF-1.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON THE BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE AND RIPENING OF ‘SOLO’ PAPAYAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
THAÍS LURI OHASHI ◽  
SOFIA FOUKARAKI ◽  
DANIEL SOUZA CORRÊA ◽  
MARCOS DAVID FERREIRA ◽  
LEON TERRY
Keyword(s):  
Market Demand ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Reaction Speed

ABSTRACT The market demand for tropical fruits has been growing steadily over the past two decades and global papaya production has grown significantly over the last few years. This sector, however, suffers greatly from postharvest losses due to reduced quantity and quality of fruits between harvest and consumption. The use of ethylene inhibitors after harvest could improve the final quality of the fruit to satisfy the consumer and also minimize waste. The physiological and biochemical responses of ‘Solo’ papayas treated with the ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to extend storage shelf life and maintain quality during long-term storage are deeply discussed in this study. Papaya fruits arrived at Cranfield University (CU) and received a 24 h 1-MCP, being stored at 20 ºC for 10 days. The ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP application significantly delayed ‘Solo’ papaya ripeness on fruit storage by reducing respiration rate and ethylene production. There was a delay from 7 days in fruit firmness loss and the retention of green peel colour was increased. Inhibition of ethylene perception by 1-MCP did not prevent the accumulation of sugars and the mean values were similar and higher than those found for control fruits, which are possibly due to the lower reaction speed, leading to a higher accumulation.

scholarly journals Long-Term Evaluation of Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction after Binocular Implantation of a Bioanalogic Lens

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sylwia Wagner ◽  
Grzegorz Wagner ◽  
Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. Long-term evaluation of the visual refractive outcomes and the quality of life after implantation of the WIOL-CF (Medicem, Czech Republic) in both eyes. Design. retrospective, nonrandomized noncomparative case series. Methods. 50 eyes of 25 patients, including 11 women (44%) and 14 men (56%). The age range of the patients was 38 to 77 years (mean age 55.48 ± 10.97 years). All patients underwent bilateral implantation of the WIOL-CF. Exclusion criteria were previous ocular surgeries except for cataract surgery and refractive lens exchange, irregular corneal astigmatism of >1.0 diopter, and ocular pathologies or corneal abnormalities. Postoperative examinations were performed at 14 days and 3, 6, 12 months of surgery; the last follow-up was between 24 and 36 months after the procedure. All exams included manifest refraction, monocular uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and distance-corrected visual acuity (DCVA) in 5 m (Snellen), monocular uncorrected visual acuity in 70 cm and 40 cm (Jeager) and binocular UCVA, DCVA in 5 m, 70 cm, and 40 cm, binocular contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic conditions, binocular defocus curves, high-order aberrations, quality-of-vision VF-14 questionnaire, and spectacle independence. Results. Significant improvement in monocular visual acuity at all distances was demonstrated; the mean postoperative spherical equivalent was 0.32 ± 0.45D. The postoperative means of binocular distance UCVA and BCVA were also improved ( p  < .001) and so were the mean uncorrected intermediate VA (2.053 ± 1.268) and near uncorrected VA (2.737 ± 1.447). There was a significant improvement in contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies and higher-order aberration, compared to preoperative results. Conclusions. The evaluation of a WIOL-CF showed good distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity increased after surgery in all spatial frequencies. Patient satisfaction was high despite some optical phenomena. The rate of postoperative spectacle independence also turned out high. Financial Disclosure. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

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