scholarly journals Improved Multilayered (Bi,Sc)O3-(Pb,Ti)O3 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Based on Impedance Matching Technique

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Su Kim ◽  
Jae-Hoon Ji ◽  
Hong-Tae Kim ◽  
Sung-Jin Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyuk Koh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Matching Technique ◽  
Matching Techniques

As a piezoelectric material, (Bi,Sc)O3-(Pb,Ti)O3 ceramics have been tested and analyzed for sensors and energy harvester applications owing to their relatively high Curie temperature and high piezoelectric coefficient. In this work, we prepared optimized (Bi,Sc)O3-(Pb,Ti)O3 piezoelectric materials through the conventional ceramic process. To increase the output energy, a multilayered structure was proposed and designed, and to obtain the maximum output energy, impedance matching techniques were considered and tested. By varying and measuring the energy harvesting system, we confirmed that the output energies were optimized by varying the load resistance. As the load resistance increased, the output voltage became saturated. Then, we calculated the optimized output power using the electric energy formula. Consequently, we identified the highest output energy of 5.93 µW/cm2 at 3 MΩ for the quadruple-layer harvester and load resistor using the impedance matching system. We characterized and improved the electrical properties of the piezoelectric energy harvesters by introducing impedance matching and performing the modeling of the energy harvesting component. Modeling was conducted for the piezoelectric generator component by introducing the mechanical force dependent voltage sources and load resistors and piezoelectric capacitor connected in parallel. Moreover, the generated output voltages were simulated by introducing an impedance matching technique. This work is designed to explain the modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesters. In this model, the relationship between applied mechanical force and output energy was discussed by employing experimental results and simulation.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Vortex-Induced Vibrations and Wake-Induced Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Junlei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Output Characteristics

A rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached on has been tested through vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and wake-induced vibrations (WIV) by installing a big cylinder fixed upstream, in order to study the influence of the different flow-induced vibrations (FIV) types. The VIV test shows that the output voltage increases with the increases of load resistance; an optimal load resistance exists for the maximum output power. The WIV test shows that the vibration of the small cylinder is controlled by the vortex frequency of the large one. There is an optimal gap of the cylinders that can obtain the maximum output voltage and power. For a same energy harvesting device, WIV has higher power generation capacity; then the piezoelectric output characteristics can be effectively improved.

Modeling of Piezoelectric Acoustic Energy Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo Sidik ◽  
Azma Putra ◽  
Swee Leong Kok
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Flexural Vibration ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters

Harvesting ambient acoustics for conversion into usable electricity provides a potential power source for emerging technologies including wireless sensor networks. Acoustic energy harvesters convert energy from acoustic waves to electrical energy. Here acoustic energy harvesting from ambient noise utilizing flexural vibration of a flexible panel is investigated. A flexural vibration from the panel is use to extract more energy from the ambient acoustics where piezoelectric materials of PVDF films are attached around the plate edges. This study found that the energy harvesting can be obtained with a maximum output power of 480 pW at 400 kΩ load resistance.

Impedance Matching Techniques of Multi-layered PZT Ceramics for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Ho Cho ◽  
Dong-Jin Shin ◽  
Chang Soo Lee ◽  
Jung-Hyuk Koh
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Matching Techniques

scholarly journals Modeling, Validation, and Performance of Two Tandem Cylinder Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters in Water Flow

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Rujun Song ◽  
Chengwei Hou ◽  
Chongqiu Yang ◽  
Xianhai Yang ◽  
Qianjian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper studies a novel enhanced energy-harvesting method to harvest water flow-induced vibration with a tandem arrangement of two piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) in the direction of flowing water, through simulation modeling and experimental validation. A mathematical model is established by two individual-equivalent single-degree-of-freedom models, coupled with the hydrodynamic force obtained by computational fluid dynamics. Through the simulation analysis, the variation rules of vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, power generation and the distribution of flow field are obtained. And experimental tests are performed to verify the numerical calculation. The experimental and simulation results show that the upstream piezoelectric energy harvester (UPEH) is excited by the vortex-induced vibration, and the maximum value of performance is achieved when the UPEH and the vibration are resonant. As the vortex falls off from the UPEH, the downstream piezoelectric energy harvester (DPEH) generates a responsive beat frequency vibration. Energy-harvesting performance of the DPEH is better than that of the UPEH, especially at high speed flows. The maximum output power of the DPEH (371.7 μW) is 2.56 times of that of the UPEH (145.4 μW), at a specific spacing between the UPEN and the DPEH. Thereupon, the total output power of the two tandem piezoelectric energy harvester systems is significantly greater than that of the common single PEH, which provides a good foreground for further exploration of multiple piezoelectric energy harvesters system.

scholarly journals Analytical Modeling of a Doubly Clamped Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Axial Excitation and Its Experimental Characterization

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Qiong Fan ◽  
Lijie Li ◽  
Dingfang Chen ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Axial Excitation

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, novel power solutions are required to adapt to flexible surfaces for widespread applications, thus flexible energy harvesters have been extensively studied for their flexibility and stretchability. However, poor power output and insufficient sensitivity to environmental changes limit its widespread application in engineering practice. A doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) with axial excitation is therefore proposed for higher power output in a low-frequency vibration environment. Combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the D’Alembert principle, the differential dynamic equation of the doubly clamped energy harvester is derived, in which the excitation mode of axial load with pre-deformation is considered. A numerical solution of voltage amplitude and average power is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Output power of 22.5 μW at 27.1 Hz, with the optimal load resistance being 1 MΩ, is determined by the frequency sweeping analysis. In order to power electronic devices, the converted alternating electric energy should be rectified into direct current energy. By connecting to the MDA2500 standard rectified electric bridge, a rectified DC output voltage across the 1 MΩ load resistor is characterized to be 2.39 V. For further validation of the mechanical-electrical dynamical model of the doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester, its output performances, including both its frequency response and resistance load matching performances, are experimentally characterized. From the experimental results, the maximum output power is 1.38 μW, with a load resistance of 5.7 MΩ at 27 Hz, and the rectified DC output voltage reaches 1.84 V, which shows coincidence with simulation results and is proved to be sufficient for powering LED electronics.

scholarly journals Load Resistance Optimization of a Broadband Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Primary Harmonic and Subharmonic Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungryong Bae ◽  
Pilkee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Oscillation Period ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Frequency Dependency ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Bistable Energy Harvester

In this study, optimization of the external load resistance of a piezoelectric bistable energy harvester was performed for primary harmonic (period-1T) and subharmonic (period-3T) interwell motions. The analytical expression of the optimal load resistance was derived, based on the spectral analyses of the interwell motions, and evaluated. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the numerical ones. A parametric study shows that the optimal load resistance depended on the forcing frequency, but not the intensity of the ambient vibration. Additionally, it was found that the optimal resistance for the period-3T interwell motion tended to be approximately three times larger than that for the period-1T interwell motion, which means that the optimal resistance was directly affected by the oscillation frequency (or oscillation period) of the motion rather than the forcing frequency. For broadband energy harvesting applications, the subharmonic interwell motion is also useful, in addition to the primary harmonic interwell motion. In designing such piezoelectric bistable energy harvesters, the frequency dependency of the optimal load resistance should be considered properly depending on ambient vibrations.

Multimodal pizza-shaped piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvesters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110069
Author(s):  
Virgilio J Caetano ◽  
Marcelo A Savi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Energy harvesting from ambient vibration through piezoelectric devices has received a lot of attention in recent years from both academia and industry. One of the main challenges is to develop devices capable of adapting to diverse sources of environmental excitation, being able to efficiently operate over a broadband frequency spectrum. This work proposes a novel multimodal design of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system to harness energy from a wideband ambient vibration source. Circular-shaped and pizza-shaped designs are employed as candidates for the device, comparing their performance with classical beam-shaped devices. Finite element analysis is employed to model system dynamics using ANSYS Workbench. An optimization procedure is applied to the system aiming to seek a configuration that can extract energy from a broader frequency spectrum and maximize its output power. A comparative analysis with conventional energy harvesting systems is performed. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the harvester performances under harmonic and random excitations. Results show that the proposed multimodal harvester has potential to harness energy from broadband ambient vibration sources presenting performance advantages in comparison to conventional single-mode energy harvesters.

Geometric and Material Optimization of Vortex-Induced Vibration Micro Energy Harvesters for Localized Wind Environments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse J. French ◽  
Colton T. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibration ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Wind Velocities

Wind energy capture in today’s environment is often focused on producing large amounts of power through massive turbines operating at high wind speeds. The device presented by the authors performs on the extreme opposite scale of these large wind turbines. Utilizing vortex induced vibration combined with developed and demonstrated piezoelectric energy harvesting techniques, the device produces power consistent with peer technologies in the rapidly growing field of micro-energy harvesting. Vortex-induced vibrations in the Karman vortex street are the catalyst for energy production of the device. To optimize power output, resonant frequency of the harvester is matched to vortex shedding frequency at a given wind speed, producing a lock-on effect that results in the greatest amplitude of oscillation. The frequency of oscillation is varied by altering the effective spring constant of the device, thereby allowing for “tuning” of the device to specific wind environments. While localized wind conditions are never able to be predicted with absolute certainty, patterns can be established through thorough data collection. Sampling of local wind conditions led to the design and testing of harvesters operating within a range of wind velocities between approximately 4 mph and 25 mph. For the extremities of this range, devices were constructed with resonant frequencies of approximately 17 and 163 Hz. Frequency variation was achieved through altering the material composition and geometry of the energy harvester. Experimentation was performed on harvesters to determine power output at optimized fluid velocity, as well as above and below. Analysis was also conducted on shedding characteristics of the device over the tested range of wind velocities. Computational modeling of the device is performed and compared to experimentally produced data.

scholarly journals Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Freely Oscillating Cylinders in Water Flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
YingZheng Liu ◽  
ZhaoMin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibratory System ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations

A concept of energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of a rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached is investigated. The variations of the power levels with the free stream velocity are determined. A mathematical approach including the coupled cylinder motion and harvested voltage is presented. The effects of the load resistance, piezoelectric materials, and circuit combined on the natural frequency and damping of the vibratory system are determined by performing a linear analysis. The dynamic response of the cylinder and harvested energy are investigated. The results show that the harvested level in SS and SP&PS modes is the same with different values of load resistance. For four different system parameters, the results show that the bigger size of cylinder with PZT beams can obtain the higher harvested power.

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