Modeling of Piezoelectric Acoustic Energy Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo Sidik ◽  
Azma Putra ◽  
Swee Leong Kok
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Flexural Vibration ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters

Harvesting ambient acoustics for conversion into usable electricity provides a potential power source for emerging technologies including wireless sensor networks. Acoustic energy harvesters convert energy from acoustic waves to electrical energy. Here acoustic energy harvesting from ambient noise utilizing flexural vibration of a flexible panel is investigated. A flexural vibration from the panel is use to extract more energy from the ambient acoustics where piezoelectric materials of PVDF films are attached around the plate edges. This study found that the energy harvesting can be obtained with a maximum output power of 480 pW at 400 kΩ load resistance.

scholarly journals Acoustic Energy Harvesting Using Flexible Panel and PVDF Films: A Preliminary Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo Sidik ◽  
Azma Putra ◽  
Swee Leong Kok ◽  
Mohd Zaki Nuawi ◽  
Aswan Abdul Jalil Nawal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Flexural Vibration ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Flexible Panel ◽  
Acoustic Energy Harvesting ◽  
Preliminary Study

Acoustic energy harvesting from ambient noise utilizing flexural vibration of a flexible panel is investigated. A flexural vibration of a flexible panel is use to extract more energy from the ambient noise level where piezoelectric materials of PVDF films are attached at the plate edges. The energy harvesting can be obtained with a maximum output power of 120 pW at the sound pressure level of 97.3 dBA.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Vortex-Induced Vibrations and Wake-Induced Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Junlei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Output Characteristics

A rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached on has been tested through vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and wake-induced vibrations (WIV) by installing a big cylinder fixed upstream, in order to study the influence of the different flow-induced vibrations (FIV) types. The VIV test shows that the output voltage increases with the increases of load resistance; an optimal load resistance exists for the maximum output power. The WIV test shows that the vibration of the small cylinder is controlled by the vortex frequency of the large one. There is an optimal gap of the cylinders that can obtain the maximum output voltage and power. For a same energy harvesting device, WIV has higher power generation capacity; then the piezoelectric output characteristics can be effectively improved.

scholarly journals Improved Multilayered (Bi,Sc)O3-(Pb,Ti)O3 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Based on Impedance Matching Technique

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Su Kim ◽  
Jae-Hoon Ji ◽  
Hong-Tae Kim ◽  
Sung-Jin Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyuk Koh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Matching Technique ◽  
Matching Techniques

As a piezoelectric material, (Bi,Sc)O3-(Pb,Ti)O3 ceramics have been tested and analyzed for sensors and energy harvester applications owing to their relatively high Curie temperature and high piezoelectric coefficient. In this work, we prepared optimized (Bi,Sc)O3-(Pb,Ti)O3 piezoelectric materials through the conventional ceramic process. To increase the output energy, a multilayered structure was proposed and designed, and to obtain the maximum output energy, impedance matching techniques were considered and tested. By varying and measuring the energy harvesting system, we confirmed that the output energies were optimized by varying the load resistance. As the load resistance increased, the output voltage became saturated. Then, we calculated the optimized output power using the electric energy formula. Consequently, we identified the highest output energy of 5.93 µW/cm2 at 3 MΩ for the quadruple-layer harvester and load resistor using the impedance matching system. We characterized and improved the electrical properties of the piezoelectric energy harvesters by introducing impedance matching and performing the modeling of the energy harvesting component. Modeling was conducted for the piezoelectric generator component by introducing the mechanical force dependent voltage sources and load resistors and piezoelectric capacitor connected in parallel. Moreover, the generated output voltages were simulated by introducing an impedance matching technique. This work is designed to explain the modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesters. In this model, the relationship between applied mechanical force and output energy was discussed by employing experimental results and simulation.

Evaluation of Ring-Type Energy Harvesters

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Hu ◽  
H. Li ◽  
H. S. Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Layer ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Segment Size

Piezoelectric materials can be used as electromechanical conversion mechanisms to transfer ambient vibration into electrical energy to power electronic devices. In this study, an elastic ring laminated with a piezoelectric layer on the inner surface is utilized as the basic structure for energy harvesting. The piezoelectric layer is uniformly segmented into several energy harvesting patches for practical applications. The generated electrical energy resulting from modal voltages is analyzed under the open-circuit condition. Two modal energy generations are evaluated: one is the energy induced by the membrane oscillation and the other is the energy induced by the bending oscillation. For practical design applications, energy generations are evaluated with respect to ring radius, piezoelectric layer thickness, ring thickness and segment size. The maximal energy of all harvester patches on the ring is calculated to determine the optimal patch locations with respect to various ring modes. By summing up energies generated from all harvesters on the ring, the overall energy is also evaluated Based on the normalizations and assumptions of parameters, results indicate that the larger the segment size is, the less the energy can be generated.

scholarly journals A Review on Mechanisms for Piezoelectric-Based Energy Harvesters

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Elahi ◽  
Marco Eugeni ◽  
Paolo Gaudenzi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Self Powered

From last few decades, piezoelectric materials have played a vital role as a mechanism of energy harvesting, as they have the tendency to absorb energy from the environment and transform it to electrical energy that can be used to drive electronic devices directly or indirectly. The power of electronic circuits has been cut down to nano or micro watts, which leads towards the development of self-designed piezoelectric transducers that can overcome power generation problems and can be self-powered. Moreover, piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can reduce the need for batteries, resulting in optimization of the weight of structures. These mechanisms are of great interest for many researchers, as piezoelectric transducers are capable of generating electric voltage in response to thermal, electrical, mechanical and electromagnetic input. In this review paper, Fluid Structure Interaction-based, human-based, and vibration-based energy harvesting mechanisms were studied. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative analysis of existing PEH mechanisms has been carried out.

scholarly journals A C-Battery Scale Energy Harvester: Part A — System Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Nico ◽  
Elisabetta Boco ◽  
Ronan Frizzell ◽  
Jeff Punch
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Sinusoidal Excitation

In recent years, the development of small and low power electronics has led to the deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that are largely used in military and civil applications. Vibrational energy harvesting can be used to power these sensors in order to obviate the costs of battery replacement. Vibrational energy harvesters (VEHs) are devices that convert the kinetic energy present in the ambient into electrical energy using three principal transduction mechanisms: piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electrostatic. The investigation presented in this paper specifically aims to realize a device that converts vibrations from different ambient sources to electrical energy for powering autonomous wireless sensors. A “C-battery” scale (25.5 mm diameter by 57.45 mm long, 29.340 cm3) two Degree-of-Freedom (2-DoF) nonlinear electromagnetic energy harvester, which employs velocity amplification, is presented in this paper. Velocity amplification is achieved through sequential collisions between two free-moving masses, a primary (larger) and a secondary (smaller) mass. The nonlinearities are due to the use of multiple masses and the use of magnetic springs between the primary mass and the housing, and between the primary and secondary masses. Part A of this paper presents a detailed experimental characterization of the system dynamics, while Part B describes the design and verification of the magnet/coil interaction for optimum prototype power output. The harvester is characterized experimentally under sinusoidal excitation for different geometrical configurations and also under the excitation of an air-compressor. The maximum output power generated under sinusoidal excitation of arms = 0.4 g is 1.74 mW across a resistive load of 9975 Ω, while the output rms voltage is 4.2 V. Under the excitation of the compressor, the maximum peak power across a load resistance of 8660 Ω is 1.37 mW, while the average power is 85.5 μW.

An omnidirectional acoustic energy harvester based on six Helmholtz resonators

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Licheng Deng ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Zhicheng Xue ◽  
Qingying Ren ◽  
Debo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Helmholtz Resonators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relationship Of

An omnidirectional acoustic energy harvester (AEH) based on six Helmholtz resonators is proposed in this work. Compared with the previous structure, the insufficiency of the directionality and conversion efficiency of energy collection can be effectively improved due to the coupling of six resonators. Based on the distributed parameter model, the relationship of the electrical output, the input frequency with the structure size is obtained. The simulation results show that the maximum output voltage is 70.95 mV at the resonant frequency of 35 kHz. When the external load resistance is 14 kΩ, the maximum output power is 0.45 μW. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of this omnidirectional AEH can reach 23%, which is improved greatly compared with the traditional structure. Therefore, this AEH will have a wide range of application prospects in medical implantation equipment and other fields.

scholarly journals Modeling, Validation, and Performance of Two Tandem Cylinder Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters in Water Flow

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Rujun Song ◽  
Chengwei Hou ◽  
Chongqiu Yang ◽  
Xianhai Yang ◽  
Qianjian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper studies a novel enhanced energy-harvesting method to harvest water flow-induced vibration with a tandem arrangement of two piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) in the direction of flowing water, through simulation modeling and experimental validation. A mathematical model is established by two individual-equivalent single-degree-of-freedom models, coupled with the hydrodynamic force obtained by computational fluid dynamics. Through the simulation analysis, the variation rules of vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, power generation and the distribution of flow field are obtained. And experimental tests are performed to verify the numerical calculation. The experimental and simulation results show that the upstream piezoelectric energy harvester (UPEH) is excited by the vortex-induced vibration, and the maximum value of performance is achieved when the UPEH and the vibration are resonant. As the vortex falls off from the UPEH, the downstream piezoelectric energy harvester (DPEH) generates a responsive beat frequency vibration. Energy-harvesting performance of the DPEH is better than that of the UPEH, especially at high speed flows. The maximum output power of the DPEH (371.7 μW) is 2.56 times of that of the UPEH (145.4 μW), at a specific spacing between the UPEN and the DPEH. Thereupon, the total output power of the two tandem piezoelectric energy harvester systems is significantly greater than that of the common single PEH, which provides a good foreground for further exploration of multiple piezoelectric energy harvesters system.

scholarly journals Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Freely Oscillating Cylinders in Water Flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
YingZheng Liu ◽  
ZhaoMin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibratory System ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations

A concept of energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of a rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached is investigated. The variations of the power levels with the free stream velocity are determined. A mathematical approach including the coupled cylinder motion and harvested voltage is presented. The effects of the load resistance, piezoelectric materials, and circuit combined on the natural frequency and damping of the vibratory system are determined by performing a linear analysis. The dynamic response of the cylinder and harvested energy are investigated. The results show that the harvested level in SS and SP&PS modes is the same with different values of load resistance. For four different system parameters, the results show that the bigger size of cylinder with PZT beams can obtain the higher harvested power.

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

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