scholarly journals Tower of Belém (Lisbon)–Status Quo 3D Documentation and Material Origin Determination

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Paula Redweik ◽  
José Juan de Sanjosé Blasco ◽  
Manuel Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Alan D. Atkinson ◽  
Luís Francisco Martínez Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
Origin Determination ◽  
3D Documentation

The Tower of Belém, an early 16th century defense tower located at the mouth of the Tagus river, is the iconic symbol of Lisbon. It belongs to the Belém complex, classified since 1983 as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO, and it is the second most visited monument in Portugal. On November 1st, 1755, there was a heavy earthquake in Lisbon followed by a tsunami, causing between 60,000 and 100,000 deaths. There is a possibility of a repetition of such a catastrophe, which could bring about the collapse of the structure. This was the reasoning behind the decision to evaluate the Tower of Belém by means of surveys using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and photogrammetry. Until now, there was no high-resolution 3D model of the interior and exterior of the tower. A complete 3D documentation of the state of the Tower was achieved with a cloud of more than 6,200 million 3D points in the ETRS89 PT-TM06 coordinate system. Additionally, measurements were made using a hyperspectral camera and a spectroradiometer to characterize the stone material used in the Tower. The result is a digital 3D representation of the Tower of Belém, and the identification of the quarries that may have been used to extract its stone. The work carried out combines geometrical and material analysis. The methods used may constitute a guide when documenting and intervening in similar heritage elements. Finally, the information contained therein will allow an eventual reconstruction of the Tower in the case of another catastrophe.

scholarly journals 3D MODELS OF THE QH31, QH32 AND QH33 TOMBS IN QUBBET EL HAWA (ASWAN, EGYPT)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 1427-1434
Author(s):  
A. T. Mozas-Calvache ◽  
J. L. Pérez-García ◽  
J. M. Gómez-López ◽  
J. L. Martínez de Dios ◽  
A. Jiménez-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Close Range ◽  
3D Documentation

Abstract. This paper describes the methodology employed to obtain 3D models of three funerary complexes (QH31, QH32 and QH33) of the Necropolis of Qubbet el Hawa (Aswan, Egypt) and the main results obtained. These rock-cut tombs are adjacent structures defined by complex geometries such as chambers, corridors and vertical shafts. The main goal of this study was to discover the spatial relationships between them and obtain a complete 3D model. In addition, some models with realistic textures of the burial chambers were demanded in order to analyse archaeological, architectural and geological aspects. The methodology was based on the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Close Range Photogrammetry. In general, both techniques were developed in parallel for each tomb. Some elements presented difficulties because of their reduced dimensions, the presence of vertical falls, some objects stored in the tombs that generated occlusions of some walls, coincidence of other workers, poor illumination conditions, etc. The results included three complete 3D models obtained without texture and some parts of interest obtained with real textures. All models were merged into a global 3D model. The information extracted from this product has helped architects and archaeologists to contrast their premises about the spatial behaviour of the tombs. The results have also allowed the obtaining of the first 3D documentation of these tombs under the same reference system, allowing them to be studied completely. This information is very important for documentation purposes but also to understand the spatial behaviour of these structures and the excavation processes developed by ancient Egyptians 4000 years ago.

scholarly journals Rockfall susceptibility and runout in the Valley of the Kings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukovic Marija ◽  
Ziegler Martin ◽  
Aaron Jordan ◽  
Perras Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Surface Models

AbstractThe UNESCO world heritage site Valley of the Kings or Wadi el-Moluk (وادي الملوك) near Luxor, Egypt, hosts unique burial places of Egyptian kings and royals from the New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 BCE) and attracts about 0.5 to 2 million tourists per year. Very steep to subvertical cliffs of Thebes Limestone surround the Valley of the Kings. The rock mass is cut by frequent joints and faults making the cliff walls prone to rockfalls. However, only few rockfall debris are found in the valley, likely due to natural remobilisation by flood events and artificial clearings and excavation works that rendered the natural debris cover over the millennia. This work focuses on rockfall susceptibility and runout and makes use of new high-resolution landscape surface models utilising terrestrial laser scanning. We investigated rockfall release areas by exploring rock mass fractures at 23 cliff segments and analysed the kinematics of potential rockfalls. Furthermore, we estimated potential rockfall deposition areas with CONEFALL supported by nine numerical simulations of single rockfall events using Rockyfor3D. We found that nearly 4500 m2 (26%) of the public walking paths and 24 out of 64 tomb entrance areas locate within potential rockfall runout zones.

scholarly journals Overview of 3D Documentation Data and Tools available for Archaeological Researches: case study of the Romanesque Church of Dugny-sur-Meuse (France)

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
H. Macher ◽  
P. Grussenmeyer ◽  
C. Kraemer ◽  
S. Guillemin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Recording Project ◽  
Full Structure ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Gnss Measurements

In this paper, the 3D documentation of the full structure of the Romanesque church of Dugny-sur-Meuse is discussed. In 2012 and 2013, a 3D recording project was carried out under the supervision of the Photogrammetry and Geomatics Research Group from INSA Strasbourg (France) in cooperation with C. Kraemer, archaeologist from Nancy (France). The goal of the project was on one hand to propose new solutions and tools to the archaeologists in charge of the project especially for stone by stone measurements. On the other hand, a simplified 3D model was required by the local authorities for communication purposes. To achieve these goals several techniques were applied namely GNSS measurements and accurate traverse networks, photogrammetric recordings and terrestrial laser scanning acquisitions. The various acquired data are presented in this paper. Based on these data, several deliverables are also proposed. The generation of orthoimages from plane as well as cylindrical surfaces is considered. Moreover, the workflow for the creation of a 3D simplified model is also presented.

scholarly journals 3D Recording methodology applied to the Grotta Scritta Prehistoric Rock-Shelter in Olmeta-Di-Capocorso (Corsica, France)

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grussenmeyer ◽  
A. Burens ◽  
S. Guillemin ◽  
E. Alby ◽  
F. Allegrini Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Textured Models

The Grotta Scritta I prehistoric site is located on the west side of Cap Corse, in the territory of the municipality of Olmeta-di- Capocorso (Haute-Corse, France). This rock shelter is located on a western spur of the mountains La Serra, at 412 m height above sea level. In the regional context of a broad set of megalithic burial sites (regions Nebbiu and Agriates) and a rich insular prehistoric rock art with several engraved patterns (mainly geometric), the Grotta Scritta is the only site with painted depictions of Corsica. Around twenty parietal depictions are arranged in the upper part of the rock-shelter and takes advantage of the microtopography of the wall. Today, the Grotta Scritta is a vulnerable site, made fragile by the action of time and man. The 3D scanning of the rockshelter and paintings of the Grotta Scritta was carried out by surveyors and archaeologists from INSA Strasbourg and from UMR 5602 GEODE (Toulouse), by combining accurate terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry techniques. These techniques are based on a full 3D documentation without contact of the rock-shelter paintings. The paper presents the data acquisition methodology followed by an overview of data processing solutions based on both imaging and laser scanning. Several deliverables as point clouds, meshed models, textured models and orthoimages are proposed for the documentation. Beyond their usefulness in terms of valorization, communication and virtual restitution, the proposed models also provide support tools for the analysis and perception of the complexity of the volumes of the shelter (namely for the folded forms of the dome housing the paintings) as well as for the accuracy of the painted depictions recorded on the orthophotos processed from the 3D model.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF SURVEYING TECHNIQUES TO DETECT THE IDEAL SHAPE OF A DOME: THE CASE OF THE ESCUELAS PÍAS CHURCH IN VALENCIA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
S. Artese ◽  
J. L. Lerma ◽  
J. Aznar Molla ◽  
R. M. Sánchez ◽  
R. Zinno
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The three-dimensional (3D) documentation and surveying of cultural heritage can be carried out following several geomatics techniques such as laser scanning and thermography in order to detect the original 3D shape after applying reverse engineering solutions. In almost all cases, the integration of data collected by different instruments is needed to achieve a successful and comprehensive 3D model of the as-built architectural shape of the historical building. This paper describes the operations carried out by the authors to determine the as-built 3D model of the Escuelas Pias Church, related namely to the dome and circular nave. After the description of the church and historical notes, attention will be driven to the indirect registration results obtained with three different laser scanning software packages, highlighting similarities and differences, and the consequences while generating meshes. The 3D model carried out will then be described and the results of some investigations with regard to the hypotheses about the design of the dome and the origin of the alterations will be presented.</p>

3D model-based estimations of volume and mass of high-energy dislocated boulders in coastal areas of Greece by terrestrial laser scanning

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Hoffmeister ◽  
Konstantin Ntageretzis ◽  
Helge Aasen ◽  
Constanze Curdt ◽  
Hanna Hadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Of Greece

scholarly journals The Investigation of the Ardales Cave, Spain - 3D Documentation, Topographic Analyses, and Lighting Simulations based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Hoffmeister ◽  
Stefan Zellmann ◽  
Andreas Pastoors ◽  
Martin Kehl ◽  
Pedro Cantalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Documentation

The Antonine Wall's distance-slabs: LiDAR as metric survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Hannon ◽  
Darrell J. Rohl ◽  
Lyn Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Heritage Site

The “Hidden Landscape of a Roman Frontier” is a collaborative research project run and jointly funded by Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU) and Historic Environment Scotland (HES). Intended to run for a 3-year period, it began in October 2015. The project focuses on the landscape archaeology, history, and heritage management of the Roman frontier in Scotland, part of the “Frontiers of the Roman Empire” transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008. The project's primary data-set is comprised of aerial LiDAR at 0.5-m resolution covering the World Heritage Site, combined with terrestrial laser-scanning coverage for the forts at Bar Hill and Rough Castle and the fortlet at Kinneil. All data was commissioned under the auspices of the Scottish Ten Project; the aerial data was captured in spring 2010, the terrestrial data in July 2013 and April 2016. The project also draws upon a number of supplemental data sources, including the National Monuments Record of Scotland (https://canmore.org.uk/), geophysical survey data, archive aerial images, colour infra-red imagery, and additional LiDAR data from the UK Environment Agency.

scholarly journals EVOLVING TECHNIQUES OF DOCUMENTATION OF A WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN LAHORE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Arif ◽  
K. Essa
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site

Lahore is an ancient, culturally rich city amidst which are embedded two world heritage sites. The state of historic preservation in the country is impoverished with a dearth of training and poor documentation skills, thus these monuments are decaying and in dire need of attention. The Aga Khan Cultural Service - Pakistan is one of the first working in heritage conservation in the country. AKCSP is currently subjecting the UNESCO World Heritage site of the Mughal era Lahore Fort to an intensive and multi-faceted architectural documentation process. This is presented here as a case study to chart the evolution of documentation techniques and enunciate the spectrum of challenges faced in the documentation of an intricate Mughal heritage site for conservation in the Pakistani context.<br><br> 3D - laser scanning is used for the purpose of heritage conservation for the first time, and since has been utilised on heritage buildings and urban fabric in ongoing projects. These include Lahore Fort, Walled city of Lahore as well as the Baltit Fort, a project restored in the past, assisting in the maintenance of conserved buildings. The documentation team is currently discovering the full potential of this technology especially its use in heritage conservation simultaneously overcoming challenges faced. Moreover negotiating solutions to auto-generate 2D architectural drawings from the 3D pointcloud output. The historic architecture is juxtaposed with contemporary technology in a region where such a combination is rarely found. The goal is to continually develop the documentation methodologies whilst investigating other technologies in the future.

scholarly journals DIGITAL RECORDING AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC STRUCTURES AT THE KATHMANDU VALLEY AFTER GORKHA EARTHQUAKE 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W2 ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shrestha ◽  
M. Reina Ortiz ◽  
M. Gutland ◽  
R. Napolitano ◽  
I. M. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
Non Destructive

On 25 April 2015, the Gorkha earthquake of magnitude 7.8, severely damaged the cultural heritage sites of Nepal. In particular, the seven monument zones of the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site suffered extensive damage. Out of 195 surveyed monuments, 38 have completely collapsed and 157 partially damaged (DoA, 2015). In particular, the world historic city of Bhaktapur was heavily affected by the earthquake. There is, in general, a lack of knowledge regarding the traditional construction technology used in many of the most important temple monuments in Bhaktapur. To address this limitation and to assist in reconstruction and rehabilitation of the area, this study documents the existing condition of different historic structures in the Kathmandu Valley. In particular, the Nyatapola Temple is studied in detail. To record and document the condition of this temple, a combination of laser scanning and terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry are used. By also including evaluation of the temple and its supporting plinth structure using non-destructive evaluation techniques like geo-radar and micro-tremor dynamic analysis, this study will form the basis of a structural analysis study to assess the anticipated future seismic performance of the Nyatapola Temple.

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