scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF SURVEYING TECHNIQUES TO DETECT THE IDEAL SHAPE OF A DOME: THE CASE OF THE ESCUELAS PÍAS CHURCH IN VALENCIA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
S. Artese ◽  
J. L. Lerma ◽  
J. Aznar Molla ◽  
R. M. Sánchez ◽  
R. Zinno
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The three-dimensional (3D) documentation and surveying of cultural heritage can be carried out following several geomatics techniques such as laser scanning and thermography in order to detect the original 3D shape after applying reverse engineering solutions. In almost all cases, the integration of data collected by different instruments is needed to achieve a successful and comprehensive 3D model of the as-built architectural shape of the historical building. This paper describes the operations carried out by the authors to determine the as-built 3D model of the Escuelas Pias Church, related namely to the dome and circular nave. After the description of the church and historical notes, attention will be driven to the indirect registration results obtained with three different laser scanning software packages, highlighting similarities and differences, and the consequences while generating meshes. The 3D model carried out will then be described and the results of some investigations with regard to the hypotheses about the design of the dome and the origin of the alterations will be presented.</p>

scholarly journals HOLISTIC 3D DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF A BYZANTINE CHURCH

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 1363-1370
Author(s):  
A. Anastasiou ◽  
E. Syrokou ◽  
S. Tapinaki ◽  
A. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stereoscopic Video ◽  
Virtual Tour ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Byzantine Church ◽  
The Church

Abstract. The aim of the present paper is the geometric documentation of the church of St Spyridon using modern digital methods of data collection and processing. The church is located in the Medieval City of Rhodes and the residues of several different historical phases found in the church prove the rarity and the amount of alterations it underwent over the years.Geodetic measurements, laser scanning and acquisition of photographic data were performed, in order to construct the 3D model of the church. 23 drawings were drafted at a scale of 1:50, including horizontal sections, exterior and vertical sections. The projected information of each drawing is described with the help of the corresponding orthophotographs. Moreover, the three-dimensional photorealistic model (textured model) of the church was created, as well as a stereoscopic video and interactive virtual tour, via the 3DHOP platform.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES OF THE APPLICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL MEANS IN THE CRIME INVESTIGATION ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
N. V. Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Crime Reconstruction ◽  
Technological Means

The issues related to the introduction of innovative methods, technologies and technological means in the investigation of crimes are considered. It is noted that one of the main directions of the development of Criminalistics is the assimilation of the virtual reality associated with computerization of spheres of life, implementation of modern technologies and their use in law enforcement. Technology use of laser scanning of terrain and objects resulting in 3D model is produced allows several times to increase informative value of data collected at the incident scene, provides a visual and convenient visualization in three-dimensional form. As against photo and video images, 3D model has a stereoscopic image and the ability to freely change the angle while viewing. Besides to scanning results can be stored on any digital media without the possibility of changes or adjustments. Attention is focused on the technological capabilities of 3D-visualization systems on examples of their use in foreign countries as technological means of capturing the situation of the scene and the subsequent of a crime reconstruction. Thus, using a portable three-dimensional imaging system for working with volumetric traces at a crime scene, it is possible to obtain accurate three-dimensional images of traces of protectors or footprints (shoes) on soil and snow. This system is an alternative to traditional methods of fixing evidence: photofixing and making plaster casts. Unlike other systems, new approach does not require the use of lasers. The expediency of expanding the range of 3D laser scanning system use in modern investigative and judicial practice of our state with the aim of increasing the level of provision of pre-trial investigation authorities with technological means and bringing it closer to European standards is argued.

scholarly journals Creation of virtual 3D models of the existing architectonic structures using the web resources

Spatium ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Pejic ◽  
Sonja Krasic
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Digital three-dimensional models of the existing architectonic structures are created for the purpose of digitalization of the archive documents, presentation of buildings or an urban entity or for conducting various analyses and tests. Traditional methods for the creation of 3D models of the existing buildings assume manual measuring of their dimensions, using the photogrammetry method or laser scanning. Such approaches require considerable time spent in data acquisition or application of specific instruments and equipment. The goal of this paper is presentation of the procedure for the creation of 3D models of the existing structures using the globally available web resources and free software packages on standard PCs. This shortens the time of the production of a digital three-dimensional model of the structure considerably and excludes the physical presence at the location. In addition, precision of this method was tested and compared with the results acquired in a previous research.

scholarly journals ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN STRUCTURE FROM MOTION 3D RECONSTRUCTION FROM UAV-BORN IMAGES: THE INFLUENCE OF THE DATA PROCESSING METHODS

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1/W4 ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Caroti ◽  
I. Martínez-Espejo Zaragoza ◽  
A. Piemonte
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evolution Of Structure ◽  
Textured Models ◽  
The Church ◽  
Data Processing Methods

The evolution of Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques and their integration with the established procedures of classic stereoscopic photogrammetric survey have provided a very effective tool for the production of three-dimensional textured models. Such models are not only aesthetically pleasing but can also contain metric information, the quality of which depends on both survey type and applied processing methodologies. An open research topic in this area refers to checking attainable accuracy levels. The knowledge of such accuracy is essential, especially in the integration of models obtained through SfM with other models derived from different sensors or methods (laser scanning, classic photogrammetry ...). Accuracy checks may be conducted by either comparing SfM models against a reference one or measuring the deviation of control points identified on models and measured with classic topographic instrumentation and methodologies. This paper presents an analysis of attainable accuracy levels, according to different approaches of survey and data processing. For this purpose, a survey of the Church of San Miniato in Marcianella (Pisa, Italy), has been used. The dataset is an integration of laser scanning with terrestrial and UAV-borne photogrammetric surveys; in addition, a high precision topographic network was established for the specific purpose. In particular, laser scanning has been used for the interior and the exterior of the church, with the exclusion of the roof, while UAVs have been used for the photogrammetric survey of both roof, with horizontal strips, and façade, with vertical strips.

scholarly journals Tower of Belém (Lisbon)–Status Quo 3D Documentation and Material Origin Determination

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Paula Redweik ◽  
José Juan de Sanjosé Blasco ◽  
Manuel Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Alan D. Atkinson ◽  
Luís Francisco Martínez Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
Origin Determination ◽  
3D Documentation

The Tower of Belém, an early 16th century defense tower located at the mouth of the Tagus river, is the iconic symbol of Lisbon. It belongs to the Belém complex, classified since 1983 as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO, and it is the second most visited monument in Portugal. On November 1st, 1755, there was a heavy earthquake in Lisbon followed by a tsunami, causing between 60,000 and 100,000 deaths. There is a possibility of a repetition of such a catastrophe, which could bring about the collapse of the structure. This was the reasoning behind the decision to evaluate the Tower of Belém by means of surveys using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and photogrammetry. Until now, there was no high-resolution 3D model of the interior and exterior of the tower. A complete 3D documentation of the state of the Tower was achieved with a cloud of more than 6,200 million 3D points in the ETRS89 PT-TM06 coordinate system. Additionally, measurements were made using a hyperspectral camera and a spectroradiometer to characterize the stone material used in the Tower. The result is a digital 3D representation of the Tower of Belém, and the identification of the quarries that may have been used to extract its stone. The work carried out combines geometrical and material analysis. The methods used may constitute a guide when documenting and intervening in similar heritage elements. Finally, the information contained therein will allow an eventual reconstruction of the Tower in the case of another catastrophe.

scholarly journals 3D MODELS OF THE QH31, QH32 AND QH33 TOMBS IN QUBBET EL HAWA (ASWAN, EGYPT)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 1427-1434
Author(s):  
A. T. Mozas-Calvache ◽  
J. L. Pérez-García ◽  
J. M. Gómez-López ◽  
J. L. Martínez de Dios ◽  
A. Jiménez-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Close Range ◽  
3D Documentation

Abstract. This paper describes the methodology employed to obtain 3D models of three funerary complexes (QH31, QH32 and QH33) of the Necropolis of Qubbet el Hawa (Aswan, Egypt) and the main results obtained. These rock-cut tombs are adjacent structures defined by complex geometries such as chambers, corridors and vertical shafts. The main goal of this study was to discover the spatial relationships between them and obtain a complete 3D model. In addition, some models with realistic textures of the burial chambers were demanded in order to analyse archaeological, architectural and geological aspects. The methodology was based on the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Close Range Photogrammetry. In general, both techniques were developed in parallel for each tomb. Some elements presented difficulties because of their reduced dimensions, the presence of vertical falls, some objects stored in the tombs that generated occlusions of some walls, coincidence of other workers, poor illumination conditions, etc. The results included three complete 3D models obtained without texture and some parts of interest obtained with real textures. All models were merged into a global 3D model. The information extracted from this product has helped architects and archaeologists to contrast their premises about the spatial behaviour of the tombs. The results have also allowed the obtaining of the first 3D documentation of these tombs under the same reference system, allowing them to be studied completely. This information is very important for documentation purposes but also to understand the spatial behaviour of these structures and the excavation processes developed by ancient Egyptians 4000 years ago.

scholarly journals Two New Ways of Documenting Miniature Incisions Using a Combination of Image-Based Modelling and Reflectance Transformation Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag-Øyvind E. Solem ◽  
Erich Nau
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
3D Processing ◽  
Reflectance Transformation Imaging

Digital 3D documentation methods such as Image-Based Modelling (IBM) and laser scanning have become increasingly popular for the recording of entire archaeological sites and landscapes, excavations and single finds during the last decade. However, they have not been applied in any significant degree to miniature incisions such as graffiti. In the same period, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) has become one of the most popular methods used to record and visualize this kind of heritage, though it lacks the benefits of 3D documentation. The aim of this paper is to introduce two new ways of combining IBM and RTI, and to assess these different techniques in relation to factors such as usability, time-efficiency, cost-efficiency and accuracy. A secondary aim is to examine the influence of two different 3D processing software packages on these factors: The widely used MetaShape (MS) and a more expensive option, RealityCapture (RC). The article shows that there is currently no recording technique that is optimal regarding all four aforementioned factors, and the way to record and produce results must be chosen based on a prioritization of these. However, we argue that the techniques combining RTI and IBM might be the overall best ways to record miniature incisions. One of these combinations is time-efficient and relatively cost-efficient, and the results have high usability even though the 3D models generated have low accuracy. The other combination has low time- and cost-efficiency but generates the most detailed 3D models of the techniques tested. In addition to cost-efficiency, the main difference between the 3D software packages tested is that RC is much faster than MS. The accuracy assessment remains inconclusive; while RC generally produces more detailed 3D models than MS, there are also areas of these models where RC creates more noise than MS.

scholarly journals Problems of Creation and Usage of 3D Model of Structures and Theirs Possible Solution

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Bartonek ◽  
Michal Buday
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Special Cad ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Church

This article describes problems that occur when creating three-dimensional (3D) building models. The first problem is geometric accuracy; the next is the quality of visualization of the resulting model. The main cause of this situation is that current Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software does not have sufficient means to precision mapping the measured data of a given object in field. Therefore the process of 3D model creation is mainly a relatively high proportion of manual work when connecting individual points, approximating curves and surfaces, or laying textures on surfaces. In some cases, it is necessary to generalize the model in the CAD system, which degrades the accuracy and quality of field data. The article analyzes these problems and then recommends several variants for their solution. There are described two basic methods: using topological codes in the list of coordinates points and creating new special CAD features while using Python scripts. These problems are demonstrated on examples of 3D models in practice. These are mainly historical buildings in different locations and different designs (brick or wooden structures). These are four sacral buildings in the Czech Republic (CR): the church of saints Johns of Brno-Bystrc, the Church of St. Paraskiva in Blansko, further the Strejc’s Church in Židlochovice, and Church of St. Peter in Alcantara in Karviná city. All of the buildings were geodetically surveyed by terrestrial method while using total station. The 3D model was created in both cases in the program AUTOCAD v. 18 and MicroStation.

Suberin lamellae of the onion root endodermis: their pattern of development and continuity

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ishari Waduwara ◽  
Shantel E. Walcott ◽  
Carol A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Suberin Lamellae ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Passage Cells ◽  
Root Endodermis

In many plant species, suberin lamellae are deposited in the cells of the endodermis. Some cells near the xylem poles tend to remain without these lamellae and are known as “passage cells”. To develop a three-dimensional picture of the pattern of suberin lamella deposition, procedures were developed to isolate large pieces of onion endodermis and to stain their suberin lamellae for various types of microscopy. Sudan red 7B proved satisfactory with white-light, Fluorol yellow and berberine with epifluorescence, and Nile red with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Lamella deposition commenced in a few cells 10 mm from the root tip and then proceeded in a scattered manner. However, lamella deposition in more cells (seen 125–155 mm from the root tip) resulted in the formation of longitudinal files of cells with lamellae alternating with files of passage cells. In older regions (255–285 mm from the tip), almost all cells had deposited suberin lamellae, leaving only a few passage cells. At higher magnification, three-dimensional reconstructions of CLSM images of endodermal suberin lamellae revealed that they are perforated by pores all along the roots. Such pores could serve as points for water and ions to enter the cytoplasm of the endodermis.

scholarly journals Digital Documentation and a 3-D Model of Beaufort Castle via RTK GNSS, Terrestrial Laser Scanner and UAS-based Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Yousef Naanouh ◽  
Vasyutinskaya Stanislava
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
South Lebanon ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
D Model

Three-dimensional digital technology is important in the maintenance and monitoring of archeological sites. This paper focuses on using a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (Phantom 4 pro) photogrammetry to establish a three-dimensional model and associated digital documentation of Beaufort castle (Arnoun, South Lebanon). The overall discrepancy between the two technologies was sufficient for the generation of convergent data. Thus, the terrestrial laser scanning and phantom 4 photogrammetry data were aligned and merged post-conversion into compatible extensions. A three-D dimensional (3D) model, with planar and perpendicular geometries, based on the hybrid datapoint cloud was developed. This study demonstrates the potential of using the integration of terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry in 3D digital documentation and spatial analysis of the Lebanese archeological sites.

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