scholarly journals Sensor Architectures and Technologies for Upper Limb 3D Surface Reconstruction: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6584
Author(s):  
Alessandro Paoli ◽  
Paolo Neri ◽  
Armando V. Razionale ◽  
Francesco Tamburrino ◽  
Sandro Barone
Keyword(s):  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Processing Effort ◽  
Aided Design

3D digital models of the upper limb anatomy represent the starting point for the design process of bespoke devices, such as orthoses and prostheses, which can be modeled on the actual patient’s anatomy by using CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools. The ongoing research on optical scanning methodologies has allowed the development of technologies that allow the surface reconstruction of the upper limb anatomy through procedures characterized by minimum discomfort for the patient. However, the 3D optical scanning of upper limbs is a complex task that requires solving problematic aspects, such as the difficulty of keeping the hand in a stable position and the presence of artefacts due to involuntary movements. Scientific literature, indeed, investigated different approaches in this regard by either integrating commercial devices, to create customized sensor architectures, or by developing innovative 3D acquisition techniques. The present work is aimed at presenting an overview of the state of the art of optical technologies and sensor architectures for the surface acquisition of upper limb anatomies. The review analyzes the working principles at the basis of existing devices and proposes a categorization of the approaches based on handling, pre/post-processing effort, and potentialities in real-time scanning. An in-depth analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the approaches proposed by the research community is also provided to give valuable support in selecting the most appropriate solution for the specific application to be addressed.

Tight Cocone: A Water-tight Surface Reconstructor

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamal K. Dey ◽  
Samrat Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Triangulated Surface ◽  
Output Surface ◽  
Input Sample ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Aided Design

Surface reconstruction from unorganized sample points is an important problem in computer graphics, computer aided design, medical imaging and solid modeling. Recently a few algorithms have been developed that have theoretical guarantee of computing a topologically correct and geometrically close surface under certain condition on sampling density. Unfortunately, this sampling condition is not always met in practice due to noise, non-smoothness or simply due to inadequate sampling. This leads to undesired holes and other artifacts in the output surface. Certain CAD applications such as creating a prototype from a model boundary require a water-tight surface, i.e., no hole should be allowed in the surface. In this paper we describe a simple algorithm called Tight Cocone that works on an initial mesh generated by a popular surface reconstruction algorithm and fills up all holes to output a water-tight surface. In doing so, it does not introduce any extra points and produces a triangulated surface interpolating the input sample points. In support of our method we present experimental results with a number of difficult data sets.

Sensible Pathways for Sensorium-Gameness Integration and Embedment in Design Tools for Multi-Phase Iterative Creative Synthesis in Design and Engineering Processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wendrich
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Tangible User Interfaces ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Aided Design

Current and ongoing research and experimentations in the creation, design and build of low-cost, high-value prototypes for novel and unconventional interaction devices (IxD) in combination with cyber-physical system (CPS) (i.e. hybrid design tools (HDT), blended spaces) tangible user interfaces (TUI) and use of sensor technology lead to a variety of novel interaction modalities, experiences and possibilities. In line with this research, we propose a first prototype Human Sensor Selection Tool (HSST) as a preliminary guide and guidelines for design and engineering domains. The HSST is based on and inspired by the ‘five human senses’ [1], a plethora in human body signals (e.g. proprioceptive, vestibular) and gestures (e.g. facial expression, (e-)motions) that could be integrated, translated, transformed, adapted or mimicked to enhance and enrich the interaction modalities with for example computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided technologies (CAx), and effectively affective CPS.

The role of three-dimensional imaging in patients with cleft lip and palate

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Lauren Gardner ◽  
Toby Gillgrass ◽  
Mark Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Fixed Prosthodontics ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Aided Design

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging is revolutionising patient assessment, diagnosis, management and treatment planning. Restorative dentistry is using optical scanning such as the computer aided design/computer aided manufacture systems to help with tooth preparation design and construction of fixed prosthodontics. Other specialties in dentistry are frequently employing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to facilitate 3D imaging. This article outlines how CBCT and 3D sterophotogrammetry have been used in the management of cleft lip and palate with reference to the cleft team based at Glasgow Dental Hospital.

scholarly journals Development of Ceramic Three-Dimensional Design System Based on Sketch

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Busheng ◽  
Hu Jingfang
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Design System ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Ceramic Design ◽  
Aided Design

The paper has analyzed and digested the related literatures from home and aboard, summarized techniques and theoretical methods of the relevant prototype systems. Based on the understanding of the present situation of the domestic and foreign sketches technology application basis, through the existing ceramics product design process and production process flow of the detailed ceramic products of design process are in-depth analysis and decomposition is proposed based on the sketch of the computer aided design ceramic technology, and on the basis of the development of the corresponding ceramic design software.

scholarly journals Genetic design automation for autonomous formation of multicellular shapes from a single cell progenitor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Appleton ◽  
Noushin Mehdipour ◽  
Tristan Daifuku ◽  
Demarcus Briers ◽  
Iman Haghighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Cell Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Aided Design

AbstractMulti-cellular organisms originate from a single cell, ultimately giving rise to mature organisms of heterogeneous cell type composition in complex structures. Recent work in the areas of stem cell biology and tissue engineering have laid major groundwork in the ability to convert certain types of cells into other types, but there has been limited progress in the ability to control the morphology of cellular masses as they grow. Contemporary approaches to this problem have included the use of artificial scaffolds, 3D bioprinting, and complex media formulations, however, there are no existing approaches to controlling this process purely through genetics and from a single-cell starting point. Here we describe a computer-aided design approach for designing recombinase-based genetic circuits for controlling the formation of multi-cellular masses into arbitrary shapes in human cells.

scholarly journals Development of Intertwined Infills to Improve Multi-Material Interfacial Bond Strength

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Irfan Mustafa ◽  
Tsz Ho Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Interfacial Bond Strength ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Material Information

Abstract Recently the availability of various materials and ongoing research in developing advanced systems for multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) have opened doors for innovation in functional products. One major concern of MMAM is the strength at the interface between materials. This paper hypothesizes overlapping and interlacing materials to enhance the bonding strength. To test this hypothesis, we need a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) tool that can process the overlapped material regions. However, existing computational tools lack key multi-material design processing features and have certain limitations in making full use of the material information, which restricts the testing of our hypothesis. Therefore, this research also develops a new MMAM slicing framework that efficiently identifies the boundaries for materials to develop different advanced features. By modifying a ray tracing technology, we develop layered depth material images (LDMI) to process the material information from computer-aided design (CAD) models for slicing and process planning. Each sample point in the LDMI has associated material and geometric properties that are used to identify the multi-material regions. Based on the material information in each slice, interlocking joint (T-Joint) and interlacing infill are generated in the regions with multiple materials. Tensile tests have been performed to verify the enhancement of mechanical properties by the use of overlapping and interlacing materials.

scholarly journals Implant Impression Making: Take-Off Guide for Beginners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaina Dhanda ◽  
Tarun Kalra ◽  
Manjit Kumar ◽  
Ajay Bansal ◽  
Ruchi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Impression Materials ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Irreversible Hydrocolloid ◽  
Passive Fit ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractDental implants are fixtures that constitute for the replacements of the root of a missing natural tooth. Dental implant therapy has been widely used for the restoration of partially and fully edentulous patients. The implant literature emphasizes the importance of a passively fitting prosthesis to prevent prosthodontic complications or even loss of fixture integration. Failure to achieve a passively fitting prosthesis and force tightening of superstructure may result in complications such as abutment, framework, and gold screw loosening or fracture. Various materials that can be used for making an implant impression are polyether, polyvinylsiloxane, condensation silicone, polysulfide, irreversible hydrocolloid material, and various others. There are various studies in relation to the accuracy of these impression materials out of which various scientists concluded different results with most studies stating polyether with the maximum amount of dimensional accuracy in comparison to other materials. An accurate implant impression plays a significant role and serves as a starting point in the process of producing good working casts. Thus, the accuracy of impression techniques becomes a significant issue in consideration of passive fit. Reproduction of intraoral relationship of implants through impression procedures is the first step in achieving accurate fit prosthesis. This transference is still complicated by the number, angulation, depth, and position of implants. The advent of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing technology improved the framework fabrication procedures and has increased the precision of fit of implant prosthesis.

scholarly journals Ceramic Materials and Technologies Applied to Digital Works in Implant-Supported Restorative Dentistry

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Se-Wook Pyo ◽  
Dae-Joon Kim ◽  
Jung-Suk Han ◽  
In-Sung Luke Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Digital Algorithms ◽  
Aided Design

Computer-aided design and manufacturing technology has been closely associated with implant-supported restoration. The digital system employed for prosthodontic restorations comprises data acquisition, processing, and manufacturing using subtractive or additive methods. As digital implantology has developed, optical scanning, computer-based digital algorithms, fabricating techniques, and numerical control skills have all rapidly improved in terms of their accuracy, which has resulted in the development of new ceramic materials with advanced esthetics and durability for clinical application. This study reviews the application of digital technology in implant-supported dental restoration and explores two globally utilized ceramic restorative materials: Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline and lithium disilicate glass ceramics.

Research the Ceramic Design System Based on Sketch

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 2278-2281
Author(s):  
Bu Sheng Li ◽  
Jing Fang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Design System ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Ceramic Design ◽  
Aided Design

Based on the understanding of the present situation of the domestic and foreign sketches technology application basis, through the existing ceramics product design process and production process flow of the detailed ceramic products of design process are in-depth analysis and decomposition is proposed based on the sketch of the computer aided design ceramic technology, and on the basis of the development of the corresponding ceramic design software.

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