scholarly journals Dimensioning of Wide-Area Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) System for IoT-Based Automation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6040
Author(s):  
Mushran Siddiqui ◽  
Farhana Akther ◽  
Gazi M. E. Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Mamun Elahi ◽  
Raqibul Mostafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
External Control ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Water, one of the most valuable resources, is underutilized in irrigated rice production. The yield of rice, a staple food across the world, is highly dependent on having proper irrigation systems. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is an effective irrigation method mainly used for irrigated rice production. However, unattended, manual, small-scale, and discrete implementations cannot achieve the maximum benefit of AWD. Automation of large-scale (over 1000 acres) implementation of AWD can be carried out using wide-area wireless sensor network (WSN). An automated AWD system requires three different WSNs: one for water level and environmental monitoring, one for monitoring of the irrigation system, and another for controlling the irrigation system. Integration of these three different WSNs requires proper dimensioning of the AWD edge elements (sensor and actuator nodes) to reduce the deployment cost and make it scalable. Besides field-level monitoring, the integration of external control parameters, such as real-time weather forecasts, plant physiological data, and input from farmers, can further enhance the performance of the automated AWD system. Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to interface the WSNs with external data sources. This research focuses on the dimensioning of the AWD system for the multilayer WSN integration and the required algorithms for the closed loop control of the irrigation system using IoT. Implementation of the AWD for 25,000 acres is shown as a possible use case. Plastic pipes are proposed as the means to transport and control proper distribution of water in the field, which significantly helps to reduce conveyance loss. This system utilizes 250 pumps, grouped into 10 clusters, to ensure equal water distribution amongst the users (field owners) in the wide area. The proposed automation algorithm handles the complexity of maintaining proper water pressure throughout the pipe network, scheduling the pump, and controlling the water outlets. Mathematical models are presented for proper dimensioning of the AWD. A low-power and long-range sensor node is developed due to the lack of cellular data coverage in rural areas, and its functionality is tested using an IoT platform for small-scale field trials.

The potential for expansion of irrigated rice under alternate wetting and drying in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 106758
Author(s):  
Komlavi Akpoti ◽  
Elliott R. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Sander J. Zwart ◽  
Paul Kiepe
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Sustainability of Rice Production at Baixo Mondego, Portugal

2022 ◽  
pp. 266-287
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Lorena Oliveira ◽  
Sergio Oliveira ◽  
António Terrão Russo ◽  
kiril bahcevandziev ◽  
Ana Bela M. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Dry Soil

This chapter aims to analyze the rice production system at the Baixo Mondego Valley to understand the main concerns. Field research and field trials were carried out to analyze rice production, marketing systems, and different irrigation alternatives. An analysis on the worries was made, and a correlational attempt was done. The results show a production system oriented by agri-environmental policies. The problems related with rice irrigation are water scarcity, environmental impacts on water quality, agroecosystems, and methane emissions. To reduce water demand, the alternate wetting and drying flooding method, and the improvement of the precise land levelling were studied on the scope of MEDWATERICE Project. About 12-14% of water saving was observed, with impact on production lower than 3.5%, allowing period of 11-19 days of dry soil, expecting positive implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Innovation in the irrigation system may help to reduce some of the farmers' concerns and help to better adapt this crop to the new needs of agriculture in terms of environmental competitiveness.

Alternate wetting and drying: A water-saving and ecofriendly rice production system

2020 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 106363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Usman Zulfiqar ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Nadeem Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

scholarly journals Long-Term Strength of Porous Geomaterials by a Micromechanical Model considering Alternate Wetting and Drying Condition

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Shirong Fu ◽  
Tao Ni ◽  
Bei Han ◽  
Chong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Micromechanical Model ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Term Strength ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drying Condition ◽  
Variable Water

This study is devoted to determining the long-term strength of porous geomaterials under alternate wetting and drying condition by statical shakedown analysis. In the framework of micromechanics of porous materials, Gurson’s hollow sphere model with Drucker-Prager solid matrix is adopted as the representative volume element. The effects of alternate wetting and drying are considered as variable water pressure imposed on the inner boundary surface of the unit cell. The cyclic responses are separated as a pure hydrostatic part under compressive/tensive loads and an additional deviatoric part to capture shear effects. The reduction of the long-term strength due to inner water pressure is observed by the illustration of obtained macroscopic criteria with respect to various load parameters. In addition, the accuracy of the analytical solution is also verified by comparing to the results of FEM-based step-by-step computations.

scholarly journals Alternate wetting and drying reduces aquifer withdrawal in Mississippi rice production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 5115-5124
Author(s):  
R. Lee Atwill ◽  
L. Jason Krutz ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Bobby R. Golden ◽  
G. Dave Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Multiple environmental benefits of alternate wetting and drying irrigation system with limited yield impact on European rice cultivation: The Ebre Delta case

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 107164
Author(s):  
Maite Martínez-Eixarch ◽  
Carles Alcaraz ◽  
Mercè Guàrdia ◽  
Mar Català-Forner ◽  
Andrea Bertomeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Zeolite amendment coupled with alternate wetting and drying to reduce nitrogen loss and enhance rice production

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidi Sun ◽  
Guimin Xia ◽  
Zhenli He ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Junlin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

scholarly journals Determinants in the Adoption of Alternate Wetting and Drying Technique for Rice Production in a Gravity Surface Irrigation System in the Philippines

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kristine Samoy-Pascual ◽  
Sudhir Yadav ◽  
Gio Evangelista ◽  
Mary Ann Burac ◽  
Marvelin Rafael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gravity Surface

Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) is a well-known low-cost water-saving and climate change adaptation and mitigation technique for irrigated rice. However, its adoption rate has been low despite the decade of dissemination in Asia, especially in the Philippines. Using cross-sectional farm-level survey data, this study empirically explored factors shaping AWD adoption in a gravity surface irrigation system. We used regression-based approaches to examine the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of AWD and its impact on yield. Results showed that the majority of the AWD adopters were farmers who practiced enforced rotational irrigation (RI) scheduling within their irrigators’ association (IA). With the current irrigation management system, the probability of AWD implementation increases when farmers do not interfere with the irrigation schedule (otherwise they opt to go with flooding). Interestingly, the awareness factor did not play a significant role in the farmers’ adoption due to the RI setup. However, the perception of water management as an effective weed control method was positively significant, suggesting that farmers are likely to adopt AWD if weeds are not a major issue in their field. Furthermore, the impact on grain yields did not differ with AWD. Thus, given the RI scheduling already in place within the IA, we recommend fine-tuning this setup following the recommended safe AWD at the IA scale.

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