Multiple environmental benefits of alternate wetting and drying irrigation system with limited yield impact on European rice cultivation: The Ebre Delta case

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 107164
Author(s):  
Maite Martínez-Eixarch ◽  
Carles Alcaraz ◽  
Mercè Guàrdia ◽  
Mar Català-Forner ◽  
Andrea Bertomeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Diagnosis and management of green algae in low land paddy fields of Cauvery delta zone, Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
M Jeya Bharathi ◽  
M Raju ◽  
S Elamathi
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Cauvery Delta ◽  
Soil And Water

Rice is a prime food crop for Asian countries. Wet land rice cultivation contributes maximum grain yield than dry land rice. Cauvery delta is a predominant area for rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu. Green algae growth during Kuruvai (June -August) season is a serious problem in wet land rice. These algae growth create anaerobic condition and prevent rice root respiration. The entire rice root was uprooted and floated on the stagnated water during initial stage. There is no preliminary study for green algae control in rice field. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed for the nature of occurrence. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to find out the remedial measures. The results of soil and water sample analysis showed that use of bore well water and dumping of phosphatic fertilizers leads to salt accumulation which favours the green algal growth. The results of the laboratory experiment revealed that the CuSO4 londox power, propiconazole and hexaconazole showed moderate inhibition on 5th day after treatment. The findings from field experiment indicated that use of conoweeder, alternate wetting and drying and CuSo4 drenching @ of 2.5 kg/ha when green algae appearance has just noticed or 5.0 kg/ha when severe growth occurred was effective in managing the green algae. Among all measures, alternate wetting and drying is the best management practices. CuSO4 drenching reduces around 70% of the growth. Even though CuSO4 react negatively with algae growth, soil pH changes and salt concentration play a major role on the CuSO4 action towards green algae. In order to maintain soil health condition, biofertilizer application, crop rotation, green manure trampling to be practised to recover the soil from alkaline pH, removal of accumulated salt and to control the algae growth using CuSO4.

scholarly journals Determinants in the Adoption of Alternate Wetting and Drying Technique for Rice Production in a Gravity Surface Irrigation System in the Philippines

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kristine Samoy-Pascual ◽  
Sudhir Yadav ◽  
Gio Evangelista ◽  
Mary Ann Burac ◽  
Marvelin Rafael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gravity Surface

Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) is a well-known low-cost water-saving and climate change adaptation and mitigation technique for irrigated rice. However, its adoption rate has been low despite the decade of dissemination in Asia, especially in the Philippines. Using cross-sectional farm-level survey data, this study empirically explored factors shaping AWD adoption in a gravity surface irrigation system. We used regression-based approaches to examine the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of AWD and its impact on yield. Results showed that the majority of the AWD adopters were farmers who practiced enforced rotational irrigation (RI) scheduling within their irrigators’ association (IA). With the current irrigation management system, the probability of AWD implementation increases when farmers do not interfere with the irrigation schedule (otherwise they opt to go with flooding). Interestingly, the awareness factor did not play a significant role in the farmers’ adoption due to the RI setup. However, the perception of water management as an effective weed control method was positively significant, suggesting that farmers are likely to adopt AWD if weeds are not a major issue in their field. Furthermore, the impact on grain yields did not differ with AWD. Thus, given the RI scheduling already in place within the IA, we recommend fine-tuning this setup following the recommended safe AWD at the IA scale.

scholarly journals Dimensioning of Wide-Area Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) System for IoT-Based Automation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6040
Author(s):  
Mushran Siddiqui ◽  
Farhana Akther ◽  
Gazi M. E. Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Mamun Elahi ◽  
Raqibul Mostafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
External Control ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Water, one of the most valuable resources, is underutilized in irrigated rice production. The yield of rice, a staple food across the world, is highly dependent on having proper irrigation systems. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is an effective irrigation method mainly used for irrigated rice production. However, unattended, manual, small-scale, and discrete implementations cannot achieve the maximum benefit of AWD. Automation of large-scale (over 1000 acres) implementation of AWD can be carried out using wide-area wireless sensor network (WSN). An automated AWD system requires three different WSNs: one for water level and environmental monitoring, one for monitoring of the irrigation system, and another for controlling the irrigation system. Integration of these three different WSNs requires proper dimensioning of the AWD edge elements (sensor and actuator nodes) to reduce the deployment cost and make it scalable. Besides field-level monitoring, the integration of external control parameters, such as real-time weather forecasts, plant physiological data, and input from farmers, can further enhance the performance of the automated AWD system. Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to interface the WSNs with external data sources. This research focuses on the dimensioning of the AWD system for the multilayer WSN integration and the required algorithms for the closed loop control of the irrigation system using IoT. Implementation of the AWD for 25,000 acres is shown as a possible use case. Plastic pipes are proposed as the means to transport and control proper distribution of water in the field, which significantly helps to reduce conveyance loss. This system utilizes 250 pumps, grouped into 10 clusters, to ensure equal water distribution amongst the users (field owners) in the wide area. The proposed automation algorithm handles the complexity of maintaining proper water pressure throughout the pipe network, scheduling the pump, and controlling the water outlets. Mathematical models are presented for proper dimensioning of the AWD. A low-power and long-range sensor node is developed due to the lack of cellular data coverage in rural areas, and its functionality is tested using an IoT platform for small-scale field trials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document