scholarly journals A CBCT Evaluation of Midpalatal Bone Density in Various Skeletal Patterns

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7812
Author(s):  
Jong-Moon Chae ◽  
Leah Rogowski ◽  
Suchita Mandair ◽  
R. Curtis Bay ◽  
Jae Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Midpalatal Suture ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Pattern Differentiation ◽  
Angle Class Iii

The purpose of this study was to evaluate midpalatal bone density (BD) by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) according to gender, age, and vertical and horizontal skeletal patterns. CBCT images from 126 subjects (64 females and 62 males) were reoriented and analyzed in order to attain BD values at the midpalatal suture. Four age groups were used for classification (adolescence, 10 ≤ early < 14 years, 14 ≤ middle ≤ 17 years, and 17 < late ≤ 21 years; adult > 21 years). Vertical skeletal pattern categories were differentiated by the Frankfort horizontal line to mandibular plane angle (hypodivergent < 22°, 22° ≤ normovergent ≤ 28°, and 28° < hyperdivergent). Horizontal skeletal pattern differentiation was defined by ANB angle (Class III < 0°, 0° ≤ Class I ≤ 4°, and 4° < Class II). Females showed significantly higher BD than males (p < 0.001). As age increased, BD increased significantly (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between vertical skeletal patterns. Class II showed significantly less BD than Class III (p < 0.05). With this information, clinicians can better understand BD trends of the midpalatal suture and, thus, better understand our patient’s anatomy and potential hurdles in successful treatment.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCLUSAL PLANE ORIENTATION AND SAGITTAL MALOCCLUSIONS: STUDY OF AN ORTHODONTIC POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
INES DALLEL ◽  
SANA KANOUN ◽  
MARIEM NAHDI ◽  
MONCEF OMMEZINE ◽  
SAMIR TOBJI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Class I ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Pattern

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the skeletal pattern and angle class with the occlusal plane (OP). This study also examined the effect of orthodontic treatment on this plane. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 135 patients were collected. The angles between the Frankfort horizontal, palatal plane (PP), mandibular plane (MP), and the OP were analyzed and compared between several groups and subsequently before and after treatment. Results: The statistical comparison between 3 skeletal frame groups demonstrates that the cant of the OP showed a major difference. This difference was greater in class III subjects. Examination revealed that the OP was not meaningfully affected within the Angle classification. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between OP steepness and the vertical skeletal pattern. A significant rise of OP/sella-nasion (SN) for class I (p=0.019) and II (p=0.015) after orthodontic treatment. In addition, patients treated with elastics showed a significant decrease of OP/MP (mandibular plane) in Angle class III and considerable increase of OP/SN and OP/PP in Angle class II. Observations of the group treated with bimaxillary extractions showed that OP/SN (sella nasion line) and OP/PP differ in a meaningful way. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between the skeletal pattern and the OP inclination in adults. Concerning the Angle classification, there was no significant difference between the groups. Orthodontic therapy had an influence on the inclination of this plane for the different malocclusions. Premolars extraction in class I cases significantly modified the OP. For class II and III malocclusions, the OP inclination was mainly altered by the use of intermaxillary traction elastics.

scholarly journals The Airway Volume Related to the Maxillo-Mandibular Position Using 3D Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Víctor Ravelo ◽  
Gabriela Olate ◽  
Gonzalo Muñoz ◽  
Márcio de Moraes ◽  
Sergio Olate
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Mandibular Position ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

Objective. The aim of this research was to compare three cephalometric analyses and their correlation with the airway volume in subjects with different skeletal classes using 2D and 3D images. Study Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Material and Method. Steiner, McNamara, and Ricketts analyses and the airway volume were compared in 115 subjects who were candidates for orthognathic surgery under diagnosis using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT); 46 males (40%) and 69 females (60%) were included. The sagittal positions of the maxilla and mandible, the angulation of the mandibular plane, the sagittal positions of the upper and lower incisors, measurements of the largest or shortest airway area, and the volume were compared using Spearman’s test considering a p value < 0.05. Results. Differences were observed between the Steiner and McNamara techniques for the sagittal position of the maxilla ( p = 0.01 ). For mandibular angulation, there was a greater difference between values for Steiner and Ricketts techniques ( p = 0.001 ). In the upper incisor, the results for McNamara and Ricketts techniques were significantly different ( p = 0.004 ). Analysing the airway, subjects with a class II skeletal pattern had a smaller volume than those with a class III pattern ( p = 0.034 ). Conclusion. It may be concluded that skeletal class II patients have a significantly smaller airway volume than class III patients. The skeletal parameter does not always relate to the airway volume; however, the high mandibular angle could be related to the airway conditions.

scholarly journals Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy in the Shortest Buccal Bone Marrow Distances of the Mandible on the Coronal Plane

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chun-Ming Chen ◽  
Han-Jen Hsu ◽  
Ping-Ho Chen ◽  
Shih-Wei Liang ◽  
I-Ling Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. This study investigated the relationship between the shortest buccal bone marrow of the ramus and skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. Using cone-beam computed tomography data (specifically, the A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angle), we divided patients into three groups as follows: skeletal class I ( 0 ° < ANB < 4 ° ), class II (ANB: ≥4°), and class III (ANB: ≤0°). Sixteen vertical sections in the coronal plane were taken starting from slice 0 (original intact mandibular canal) anteriorly at 2 mm intervals to slice 15 (30 mm). The thickness of the mandible (M) and shortest buccal bone marrow (SBM) were measured. The data of SBM were divided into two groups ( SBM ≥ 1   mm and SBM < 1   mm ). For each skeletal pattern, an SBM   value < 1   mm was considered to indicate a high possibility of postoperative nerve paresthesia and bad split. Results. The three skeletal pattern groups also did not significantly differ in their M values for all sections. The mean SBM values of class III (0.91–2.11 mm) at 6–16 mm anterior to the mandibular foramen were significantly smaller than those of class II (1.53–3.17 mm). Comparing the occurrence ratio of SBM < 1   mm , the highest and lowest probabilities in class III (55% and 21.7%, respectively) were significantly larger at 6–20 mm anterior to the mandibular foramen than those in class II (28.3% and 5%, respectively). Conclusion. Class III had a significantly shorter SBM distance and higher SBM occurrence probability than class II at the mandibular ramus region, implying that class III participants are more likely than class II participants to have nerve paresthesia and bad split after sagittal split ramus osteotomy.

scholarly journals Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Sonia Patricia Plaza ◽  
Andreina Reimpell ◽  
Jaime Silva ◽  
Diana Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Skeletal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and assess which cephalometric variables contribute to the possibility of developing skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalogram radiographs from 548 subjects (325 female, 223 male) aged 18 to 66 years. Sagittal skeletal pattern was established by three different classification parameters (ANB angle, Wits and App-Bpp) and vertical skeletal pattern by SN-Mandibular plane angle. Cephalometric variables were measured using Dolphin software (Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif, USA) by a previously calibrated operator. The statistical analysis was carried out with Chi-square test, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and an ordinal multinomial regression model. Results: Evidence of association (p< 0.05) between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns was found with a greater proportion of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion using three parameters to assess the vertical pattern, and there was more prevalent hypodivergence in Class III malocclusion, considering ANB and App-Bpp measurements. Subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal pattern (odds ratio [OR]=1.85-3.65), maxillary prognathism (OR=2.67-24.88) and mandibular retrognathism (OR=2.57-22.65) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class II malocclusion. Meanwhile, subjects with maxillary retrognathism (OR=2.76-100.59) and mandibular prognathism (OR=5.92-21.50) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: A relationship was found between Class II and Class III malocclusion with the vertical skeletal pattern. There is a tendency toward skeletal compensation with both vertical and sagittal malocclusions.

scholarly journals Two-phase treatment of patients with crossbite and tendency toward skeletal Class III malocclusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Machado Bayerl
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Angle Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Angle Class Iii

Angle Class III malocclusion is characterized by an inadequate anteroposterior dental relationship which may or may not be accompanied by skeletal changes. In general, patients are distressed by a significantly compromised facial aspect which, when associated with a deficient middle third, encourages patients to seek treatment. This article reports a two-phase treatment carried out in a female patient aged six years and six months with a tendency towards a Class III skeletal pattern. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO). It is representative of the Discrepancy Index (DI) category, and fulfills part of the requirements for obtaining BBO Diploma.

scholarly journals Midpalatal Suture Density CBCT Evaluation, Sex Gender and Growth Pattern Related Variability in 392 Adolescents Treated With Rapid Maxillary Expander Appliance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Macrì ◽  
Elena Toniato ◽  
Giovanna Murmura ◽  
Giuseppe Varvara ◽  
Felice Festa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Midpalatal Suture ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Similar Density ◽  
Bone Deposition

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the changes in the mean bone density values of the midpalatal suture in 392 young patients treated with the Rapid Palatal Expander appliance according to sex, gender, vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. The evaluations were performed using the low-dose protocol cone-beam computed tomography scans at t0 (preoperatively) and t1 (1 year after the beginning of the therapy). The region of interest was used to calculate bone density in Hounsfield units (HU) in the area between the maxillary incisors. Results. CBCT scan data of 196 females and 196 males (mean age of 11,7 years) showed homogeneous and similar density values of the MPS at T0 (547.59 HU - 565.85 HU) and T1 (542.31 - 554.20 HU). Class III skeletal individuals showed a significant higher BD than the II class group at T0, but not at T1. Females showed significantly higher BD than males at t0 and t1. No significant differences were found between the other groups and between two-time points in terms of bone density values of the MPS. Conclusions. Females and III class groups showed significantly higher bone density values than males and II class, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found from T0 to T1 in any groups, suggesting that a similar rate of suture reorganization occurs after the use of the RPE, following reorganization and bone deposition along with the MPS.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Salivary Leptin Levels and Its Correlation with Class I, Class II, and Class III Facial Skeletal Pattern: A Prefatory Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danusha Siva Dharma ◽  
Noraini Abu Bakar ◽  
Basma Ezzat Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva

Abstract Materials and Methods A sample of 62 patients were selected prior to the orthodontic treatment from a population that attended the International Islamic University Malaysia Specialist Orthodontic Clinic. Based on the lateral cephalometric analysis, the subjects were grouped into Class I, Class II, and Class III facial skeletal patterns, according to Eastman and Wits appraisal. Subsequently, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and purified to undergo leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to determine the levels of leptin hormone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the data obtained. Results The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of leptin hormone between Class I and Class II skeletal patterns and between Class I and Class III facial skeletal patterns. No statistical difference was noted between the levels of leptin of Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns. Conclusion Salivary leptin hormone levels are higher in patients with Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns compared with Class I.

scholarly journals Distribution of Pediatric Malocclusion Patients in Seoul National University Dental Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Sophia Rhee ◽  
Ji-Soo Song ◽  
Teo Jeon Shin ◽  
Young-Jae Kim ◽  
Jung-Wook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
National University ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Seoul National University

A total of 580 patients, who visited and received an orthodontic diagnosis in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2017 to 2019, were investigated in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal patterns of pediatric orthodontic patients determined with lateral cephalometric analysis and to analyze the relationship between skeletal pattern and probable associated clinical features. Also, the modality of orthodontic treatment for each skeletal classification was investigated to aid in therapeutic decisions.<br/>Patients aged 7 year accounted for the largest age group; 54.2% of patients showed a skeletal class I pattern, 22.2% showed a skeletal class II pattern, and 23.6% showed a skeletal class III pattern. Bi-maxillary retrusion for skeletal class I, retruded mandible with normal positioning of the maxilla for skeletal class II, and retrusion of the maxilla with protrusion of the mandible for skeletal class III were the largest subgroups by skeletal pattern. Brachyfacial type accounted for 55.0% of patients, followed by 31.9% of mesofacial type and 13.1% of dolichofacial type. The prevalence of anterior crossbite in the study was 43.3%, higher than that in previous studies.

scholarly journals Treatment of a Class III growing patient with mandibular prognathism and severe anterior crossbite

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Machado Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Mandibular Prognathism ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Dentofacial Orthopedics

The treatment of growing patients with Class III skeletal pattern represents one of the greatest clinical challenges for the orthodontist. Several treatment protocols have been proposed, almost all involving rapid maxillary expansion and maxillary protraction. However, there are cases where the maxilla is properly positioned in the anteroposterior direction and there is no transverse discrepancy, featuring only a mandibular prognathism. In such cases, when there is a set of favorable factors such as lack of laterognathism and lower mandibular plane angle, a viable option and which could prove quite interesting is the use of orthodontic chin cup during the night, aiming at trying to redirect the forward growth of the mandible. To have success, it is necessary that this procedure involves pubertal growth spurt and is extended to full skeletal maturation. This case was presented to the board of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to become a BBO Diplomate.

scholarly journals The SAR Angle: A Contemorary Sagital Jaw Dysplasia Marker

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Sonahita Agarwal ◽  
Jitendra Bhagchandani ◽  
Praveen Mehrotra ◽  
Sudhir Kapoor ◽  
Raj Kumar Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Beta Angle ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Cephalometric analysis forms the backbone of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. However most of the angles used to assess antero-posterior jaw base discrepancy are based on landmarks that change with age, jaw rotation and orthodontic treatment. Walkers point is one landmark that has been suggested to be stable and easy to locate on radiograph.Objective: To derive SAR angle based on Walkers point, points M and G to assess true sagittal discrepancy.Materials & method: Sixty pretreatment lateral cephalograms of North Indian subjects were grouped in three classes of skeletal pattern based on fulfillment of any two of the three criteria: ANB angle, Witt’s appraisal and Beta angle. The mean and SD for the SAR angle in three groups were calculated. ANOVA one-way of variance and Newman-Keuls tests were done to compare the groups.Result: The mean value for SAR angle of Class I skeletal pattern group was 55.98o (SD 2.24), whereas mean value for Class II and Class III skeletal groups were 50.18o and 63.65o with standard deviations 2.70 and 2.25 respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curves show that the cutoff point between Class I and Class II groups could be considered a SAR angle of approximately 53o, and the cutoff point between Class I and Class III groups could be considered a SAR angle of approximately 59o.Conclusion: The SAR angle can be a reliable diagnostic aid to assess the sagittal jaw discrepancy more consistently.

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