Evaluation of Salivary Leptin Levels and Its Correlation with Class I, Class II, and Class III Facial Skeletal Pattern: A Prefatory Study

Abstract Materials and Methods A sample of 62 patients were selected prior to the orthodontic treatment from a population that attended the International Islamic University Malaysia Specialist Orthodontic Clinic. Based on the lateral cephalometric analysis, the subjects were grouped into Class I, Class II, and Class III facial skeletal patterns, according to Eastman and Wits appraisal. Subsequently, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and purified to undergo leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to determine the levels of leptin hormone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the data obtained. Results The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of leptin hormone between Class I and Class II skeletal patterns and between Class I and Class III facial skeletal patterns. No statistical difference was noted between the levels of leptin of Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns. Conclusion Salivary leptin hormone levels are higher in patients with Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns compared with Class I.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCLUSAL PLANE ORIENTATION AND SAGITTAL MALOCCLUSIONS: STUDY OF AN ORTHODONTIC POPULATION

Innovare Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijss.2021.v9i3.41058 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

INES DALLEL ◽

SANA KANOUN ◽

MARIEM NAHDI ◽

MONCEF OMMEZINE ◽

SAMIR TOBJI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Class I ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Class Iii ◽

Angle Class ◽

Mandibular Plane ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the skeletal pattern and angle class with the occlusal plane (OP). This study also examined the effect of orthodontic treatment on this plane. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 135 patients were collected. The angles between the Frankfort horizontal, palatal plane (PP), mandibular plane (MP), and the OP were analyzed and compared between several groups and subsequently before and after treatment. Results: The statistical comparison between 3 skeletal frame groups demonstrates that the cant of the OP showed a major difference. This difference was greater in class III subjects. Examination revealed that the OP was not meaningfully affected within the Angle classification. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between OP steepness and the vertical skeletal pattern. A significant rise of OP/sella-nasion (SN) for class I (p=0.019) and II (p=0.015) after orthodontic treatment. In addition, patients treated with elastics showed a significant decrease of OP/MP (mandibular plane) in Angle class III and considerable increase of OP/SN and OP/PP in Angle class II. Observations of the group treated with bimaxillary extractions showed that OP/SN (sella nasion line) and OP/PP differ in a meaningful way. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between the skeletal pattern and the OP inclination in adults. Concerning the Angle classification, there was no significant difference between the groups. Orthodontic therapy had an influence on the inclination of this plane for the different malocclusions. Premolars extraction in class I cases significantly modified the OP. For class II and III malocclusions, the OP inclination was mainly altered by the use of intermaxillary traction elastics.

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Distribution of different Skeletal pattern in Patients seeking Orthodontic Treatment in Mid-western Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v6i2.17412 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 7-9

Author(s):

Hemant Kumar Halwai ◽

Vanita Gautam ◽

Manju Pandey

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Dental Surgery ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Objective: To determine the distribution of different skeletal pattern in orthodontic patients visiting a tertiary center in midwestern Nepal.Materials & Method: A sample of 200 lateral cephalograms of Nepali patients visiting UCMS-College of Dental Surgery, Bhairahawa was obtained. The jaw base relationship was assessed from lateral cephalograms using angular measurement (ANB angle). Among the total sample size; 74 (37%) were males and 126 (63%) were female. Age was divided into 3 groups: 8-11 years, 12-17 years, and 18-36 years. Pearson Chi square test was done to test the association between age group and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship. All data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software.Result: The distribution of skeletal malocclusion according to ANB angle classification revealed that the most prevalent skeletal malocclusion was Class II skeletal jaw base relationship accounting up to 97(48.5%), followed by Class I 87(43.5%) and Class III 16(8%). The study showed statistically significant difference between gender and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the age groups and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship (p<0.05).Conclusion: Most common skeletal jaw base relationship in patients seeking orthodontic patients was Class II followed by Class I and Class III in a tertiary center of mid-western Nepal.

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Temporomandibular Joint Osseous Morphology of Class I and Class II Malocclusions in the Normal Skeletal Pattern: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Xiao-Chuan Fan ◽

Lin-Sha Ma ◽

Li Chen ◽

Diwakar Singh ◽

Xiaohui Rausch-Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Glenoid Fossa ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern

(1) Background—The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous morphology of normal skeletal pattern individuals with different dental malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (2) Methods—The CBCT images of bilateral TMJs in 67 subjects with skeletal class I and average mandibular angle (26 males and 41 females, age range 20–49 years) were evaluated in this study. The subjects were divided into class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 according to the molar relationship and retroclination of the maxillary incisors. Angular and linear measurements of TMJ were evaluated and the differences between the groups were statistically analyzed. (3) Results—Intragroup comparisons showed statistical differences for articular eminence inclination, the width of the glenoid fossa, the ratio of the width of the glenoid fossa to the depth of the glenoid fossa, the condylar angle, and the intercondylar angle between the malocclusion groups. The measurements of the glenoid fossa shape showed no significant difference between the left and right sides. Females showed more differences in the morphological parameters of TMJ between the three malocclusion groups than the males. (4) Conclusion—The present study revealed differences in the TMJ osseous morphology between dental class I and class II malocclusions in the normal skeletal pattern.

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The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.067-074.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Waqar Jeelani ◽

◽

Mubassar Fida ◽

Attiya Shaikh ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Class I ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Class Iii ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.

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A Comparison of Three Orthodontic Treatment Indices with Regard to Angle Classification

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-40.2.169 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174

Author(s):

Emine Kaygisiz ◽

Fatma Deniz Uzuner ◽

Lale Taner

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Class Iii ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

Positive Correlations

Objectives: To calculate the agreement between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in assessing orthodontic treatment need and to determine correlations between the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and DAI and ICON scores according to Angle classification among patients referred for orthodontic evaluation. Study Design: This study included 457 randomly selected patients between 9 to17 years of age. Patients were divided into four groups according to Angle classification [Class I (n=154), Class II division 1(Class II/1) (n=155), Class II division 2(Class II/2) (n=52) and Class III (n=96)]. Relationships between PAR scores and ICON and DAI scores were evaluated with the Spearman correlation test. Unweighted kappa statistics were used to analyse agreement between the ICON and DAI on the need for treatment, according to Angle classification. Results: Class I malocclusions scored significantly lower than other Angle classifications in all indices. Both the ICON and DAI showed significant positive correlations with the PAR in the general study population. For Class II/2 patients, no correlation was found between PAR and DAI scores. There was significant agreement between the ICON and DAI on treatment need among Class I, Class II/1 and Class II/2 patients however, no agreement was found for Class III malocclusions. Conclusions: The ICON, DAI and PAR produce similar results and can be used interchangeably for the general orthodontic patient population. However, based on Angle classification, prominent differences exist in scoring certain occlusal features.

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Prevalence of malocclusion in north Cyprus School

10.21203/rs.2.14715/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nadejda Beleva ◽

Nazli Idil Kacamak ◽

Cagla Sin ◽

Beste Kamiloglu

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Class Iii ◽

Dental Services ◽

National Education ◽

Northern Cyprus ◽

Male Patients ◽

Division 2

Abstract Background. The epidemiology of the population living in a country plays an important role in the planning and implementation of dental services. Correct identification of the need for orthodontic treatment in individuals is a very complex subject and requires detailed analysis. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of malocclusion among randomly selected subjects aged 12-15 years attending secondary schools regardless of any socio-economic or social status in Northern Cyprus.Methods. After the approval of the competent authorities in the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Health of Northern Cyprus and of the parents whose subjects were to take part in the study, the evaluation was carried out by a team of three people, two of whom are in the process of specializing in orthodontics and one doctoral student at the qualification stage. The study included a randomly selected sampling composed of 426 subjects (203 females and 223 males). Results. The statistical evaluation of the samples collected in the study found that 20.6% of the subjects had no occurrence of occlusion, 74.4% had Class I, 21.1% had Class II (part 1, 18.8%, part 2, 2.3%) and 4.5% had Class III malocclusion. Of the 419 patients, 86 (20.2%) were in need of orthodontic treatment. Although not statistically significant, it was determined that 19.7% of female patients and 20.7% of the male patients were in need for orthodontic treatment.Conclusions. The most common orthodontic malocclusion in Cyprus is Class I, the least common malocclusion is Class II division 2.

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The prevalence of orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion problems in 8–9-year-old schoolchildren: A study in the south of Thailand

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.25259/apos-3-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 99-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sirate Rapeepattana ◽

Angkana Thearmontree ◽

Supanee Suntornlohanakul

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

The South ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Normal Occlusion

Aims This study aims to find the prevalence of orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion problems in 8–9-year-old schoolchildren in the south of Thailand. Materials and Methods A number of 202 children (100 boys and 102 girls) samples were randomly selected from all schools in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province, Thailand. A cross-sectional survey of dental health component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and malocclusion problems was investigated by clinical examination and dental model. Results Levels 4 and 5 of orthodontic treatment need according to DHC of IOTN of the sample were presented in 18.8% and 1.49%, respectively. Children who need orthodontic treatment (Grade 2–4) showed more than one highest DHC problem that indicated the level of treatment need (39.68%). Normal occlusion was found at 6.43%. Malocclusions such as Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III malocclusion were observed in 78.71%, 7.92%, 3.47%, and 3.47%, respectively. Reversed overjet and overjet >9 mm were detected in 5.64% and 1.58%, respectively. Approximately half of the children (46.67%) had overbite >3.5 mm. Conclusions High percentage of children in mixed dentition period who need orthodontic treatment was found in this study. Some children who presented with the orthodontic treatment need Grade 2–4 had more than one DHC problem which identified the grade of treatment need. Class I malocclusion was most frequently found in this group of children.

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Validity of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Complexity in Assessing Complexity of Treatment among the Malocclusion Groups

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 1003-1007

Author(s):

Sriman Vishnu ◽

Saravanakumar Subranmanian ◽

Prema Anbarasu ◽

Nagappan Nagappan ◽

Annamalai P.R. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Predictor Variable ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Division 1 ◽

Treatment Complexity

BACKGROUND To provide efficient and well-planned orthodontic treatment orthodontists must be able to assess the type of malocclusion and the complexity involved in its treatment. Hence, the purpose of this study was to validate index of orthodontic treatment complexity (IOTC) as a reliable index to assess the treatment complexity in treating different malocclusion groups. METHODS A retrospective study with sample of 120 pairs of orthodontic study model consisting of treated and untreated cases, were collected and equally divided into class I, class II including both division 1 and division 2 and class III malocclusions based on Angles system of classification of malocclusion. Study casts were scored according to criteria given by the index of orthodontic treatment complexity and the degree of complexity is established for each of the malocclusion groups and the occlusal traits. RESULTS The Spearman correlation coefficients test shows that occlusal traits like overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite, alone significantly correlated with degree of complexity. Multiple regression analysis and one way ANOVA tests were performed for the three types of malocclusion and the test showed that in individual classes of malocclusion, the predictor variable (occlusal traits) significantly predicts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. CONCLUSIONS Overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite correlated with degree of complexity. IOTC forecasts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. KEY WORDS IOTC, Malocclusion, Occlusal Traits

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Malocclusion Pattern (Angle's) in Mauritian Orthodontic Patients

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2012/210306 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

B. H. Durgesh ◽

Prashanth Prakash ◽

Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah ◽

Basavaraj Subashchandra Phulari ◽

Abdul Aziz A. Al Kheraif

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Age Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Chinese Ethnicity ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Study Population

The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of malocclusion in different ethnic group of Mauritian population visiting the Orthodontic Department at Mauras College of Dentistry and Hospital, Republic of Mauritius. The study population comprised of 624 patients who visited the orthodontic department during 2010. The clinical examination was conducted by a well-calibrated orthodontist. The data were recorded in the case sheets and was analyzed for presence of angles class I, class II, and class III malocclusion in both male and female patients of Asian, African, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicity aged 5–55 years. Malocclusion was found to be high in females compared to males. 414 patients (150 male + 264 female) presented with class I, 182 patients (52 male + 130 female) presented with class II, and 28 patients (12 male + 16 female) presented with class III. Asian ethnic group were more affected and patient seeking orthodontic treatment was high in 11–15 years age group.

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Differences in the Buccal Bone Marrow Distance of ≤0.8 mm in the Mandible of Patients Undergoing Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy among the Different Skeletal Patterns: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10235644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 5644

Author(s):

Yu-Chuan Tseng ◽

Shih-Wei Liang ◽

Szu-Ting Chou ◽

Shih-Chieh Chen ◽

Chin-Yun Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Class Ii ◽

B Value ◽

Class I ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Class Iii ◽

Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy ◽

Lower Lip ◽

B Values ◽

Significant Difference

This study investigated the relationship between the thickness of the ramus and skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Ninety participants were categorized into three skeletal patterns (Class I, Class II, and Class III). The first vertical slice (slice 0) was observed in the intact mandibular canal, and then moved forward to 40 mm (slice 21) with a 2 mm interval. The thickness of buccal bone marrow (B value) was measured. A B value of ≤0.8 mm was considered to be the major risk factor causing the occurrence of postoperative lower lip paresthesia. There were 461 sides with a B value of ≤0.8 mm. There was a significant difference in the skeletal patterns [Class III (198 sides: 15.7%) > Class I (159 sides: 12.6%) > Class II (104 sides: 8.3%)]. Class II participants had significantly larger B values (2.14 to 3.76 mm) and a lower occurrence rate (≤0.8 mm) than those of Class III participants (1.5 to 3 mm) in front of the mandibular foramen (from 6 mm to 20 mm). Class III participants had significantly shorter buccal bone marrow distance and a higher occurrence rate of B values (≤0.8 mm) than Class II.

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