New Methodology of Designation the Precise Aircraft Position Based on the RTK GPS Solution

The paper presents the results of research on improving the accuracy of aircraft positioning using RTK-OTF (Real Time Kinematic–On The Fly) technique in air navigation. The paper shows a new solution of aircraft positioning for the application of the differential RTK-OTF technique in air navigation. In particular, a new mathematical model is presented which makes it possible to determine the resultant position of an aircraft based on the solution for the method of least squares in a stochastic process. The developed method combines in the process of alignment of GPS (Global Positioning System) observations, three independent solutions of the aircraft position in OTF mode for geocentric coordinates XYZ of the aircraft. Measurement weights as a function of the vector length and the mean vector length error, respectively, were used in the calculations. The applied calculation method makes it possible to determine the resultant position of the aircraft with high accuracy: better than 0.039 m with using the measurement weight as a function of the vector length and better than 0.009 m with the measurement weight as a function of the mean error of the vector length, respectively. In relation to the classical RTK-OTF solution as a model of the arithmetic mean, the proposed method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determination of the aircraft position by 45–46% using the measurement weight as a function of the vector length, and 86–88% using the measurement weight as a function of the mean error of the vector length, respectively. The obtained test results show that the developed method improves to significantly improve the accuracy of the RTK-OTF solution as a method for determining the reference position in air navigation.

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Dosage du Sr-90 dans l'eau des lacs et des rivières du Québec par précipitation avec l'oxine et comptage β

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v88-027 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 174-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Haddad ◽

L. Zikovsky

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Surface Waters ◽

New Method ◽

The Mean ◽

Better Than

A new method for the determination of Sr-90 dissolved in surface waters has been developed. It is based on the precipitation of Sr with 8-hydroxyquinoline at pH 11.3 and counting of β particles with energy above 150 keV. The detection limit obtained is 0.5 mBq/L and the mean yield is 28%. The decontamination factors from other β emitters achieved are better than 10 000. This method has been used to measure the Sr-90 in 5 lakes and 5 rivers in Québec and activities ranging from 3 to 15 mBq/L were obtained. This new method is as efficient and reliable as conventional techniques while being less tedious.

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Determination of Ibuprofen in Human Plasma and Urine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.11-414 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bilal Yilmaz ◽

Ali Fuat Erdem

Keyword(s):

Human Plasma ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oral Tablet ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Human Plasma And Urine ◽

The Mean ◽

Interday Precision ◽

Better Than

Abstract This paper describes a GC/MS method for the determination of ibuprofen in human plasma and urine. Ibuprofen and internal standard naproxen were extractedfrom plasma and urine by using a liquid–liquid extraction method. Derivatization was carried outusing N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.05–5.0 and 0.1–10.0 μg/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. Intraday and interday precision (RSD) values for ibuprofen in plasma and urine were less than 6.31%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 12.00%. The mean recovery of ibuprofen was 89.53% for plasma and 93.73% for urine. TheLOD was 0.015 and 0.03 μg/mL and the LOQ was 0.05 and 0.1 μg/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The method was successfully applied to blood samples from three healthy male volunteers who had been given an oral tablet of 600 mg ibuprofen.

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Quantitative nephelometric assay for determining myoglobin evaluated

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/36.9.1675 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 1675-1678 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J R Delanghe ◽

J P Chapelle ◽

S C Vanderschueren

Keyword(s):

Reliable Method ◽

High Dose ◽

Rheumatoid Factors ◽

Test Results ◽

Multiple Forms ◽

Hook Effect ◽

Tissue Extracts ◽

The Mean ◽

Serum Myoglobin

Abstract A recently introduced automated nephelometric immunoassay involving shell/core particles for determination of myoglobin (Behringwerke) was evaluated with the BNA Nephelometer. Method precision was good: the intra-assay CV varied between 1.5% and 6.1%; with daily calibration, the interassay CV ranged between 1.5% and 7.5%. For usual sample dilutions, the assay response varied linearly with myoglobin concentrations up to 23.1 nmol/L. After automatic dilution by the instrument, concentrations up to 2310 nmol/L could be measured without high-dose "hook" effect. Further manual dilution allowed measurement of myoglobin concentrations up to 26,000 nmol/L. Calibration was stable for at least seven days. We detected no significant interferences from hemoglobin, haptoglobin, bilirubin, iodine-containing contrast media, and rheumatoid factors. Treating lipemic samples with Lipoclean (Behringwerke) decreased test results. Simultaneously drawn serum and plasma samples from the same subject showed no consistent differences in myoglobin concentrations. The mean reference myoglobin concentration was 1.380 (SD 0.82) nmol/L for men and 0.878 (SD 0.45) nmol/L for women. In patients with renal insufficiency, serum creatinine values were moderately related to serum myoglobin values (r = 0.465). Although a commercial radioimmunoassay (Byk-Sangtec) and the nephelometric assay intercorrelated well (r = 0.929), values obtained by nephelometry were significantly lower (P less than 0.05). By both assays, results for heart and skeletal muscle tissue extracts showed no correlation, a finding that suggests the existence of multiple forms of myoglobin in human tissues. We conclude that immunonephelometry is a rapid, practical, and reliable method for measuring myoglobin in serum.

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A Rapid Method of Determining Ammonium in Water With a Univalent Cation Glass Electrode

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f71-105 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 759-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jan Barica

Keyword(s):

Rapid Method ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Glass Electrode ◽

Ammonium Ion ◽

Mean Error ◽

Univalent Cation ◽

The Mean

The use of a univalent cation glass electrode for determining ammonium in water is described. The method enables direct determination of ammonium ion in concentrations above 0.5 mg/liter without any dilution or pretreatment of sample. A constant background of Na+ and K+ in samples is required, with concentration of potassium being lower than that of ammonium. For several types of natural and enriched waters with ammonium content up to 40 mg/liter NH4-N, the mean error by the method was ±4.9%.

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Frequency resolution of Fourier and maximum entropy spectral estimates

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1441390 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 1303-1307 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. L. Marple

Keyword(s):

Maximum Entropy ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Frequency Resolution ◽

Sampled Data ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Analytic Determination ◽

Spectral Estimates ◽

The Mean ◽

Better Than

An analytic determination of the frequency resolution for maximum entropy and conventional Blackman‐Tukey spectral estimates is made for the case of known autocorrelation. As the signal‐to‐noise ratio decreases, the maximum entropy resolution is no better than that achievable by the Blackman‐Tukey spectral estimate. The mean resolution of an ensemble of spectra constructed from sampled data sequences agrees with the analytic result.

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International normalized ratio (INR) testing in Europe: between-laboratory comparability of test results obtained by Quick and Owren reagents

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2017-0976 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1698-1703 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Piet Meijer ◽

Karin Kynde ◽

Antonius M.H.P. van den Besselaar ◽

Marjan Van Blerk ◽

Timothy A.L. Woods

Keyword(s):

Plasma Sample ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Test Results ◽

Local Calibration ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Single Plasma ◽

Better Than

Abstract Background: This study was designed to obtain an overview of the analytical quality of the prothrombin time, reported as international normalized ratio (INR) and to assess the variation of INR results between European laboratories, the difference between Quick-type and Owren-type methods and the effect of using local INR calibration or not. In addition, we assessed the variation in INR results obtained for a single donation in comparison with a pool of several plasmas. Methods: A set of four different lyophilized plasma samples were distributed via national EQA organizations to participating laboratories for INR measurement. Results: Between-laboratory variation was lower in the Owren group than in the Quick group (on average: 6.7% vs. 8.1%, respectively). Differences in the mean INR value between the Owren and Quick group were relatively small (<0.20 INR). Between-laboratory variation was lower after local INR calibration (CV: 6.7% vs. 8.6%). For laboratories performing local calibration, the between-laboratory variation was quite similar for the Owren and Quick group (on average: 6.5% and 6.7%, respectively). Clinically significant differences in INR results (difference in INR>0.5) were observed between different reagents. No systematic significant differences in the between-laboratory variation for a single-plasma sample and a pooled plasma sample were observed. Conclusions: The comparability for laboratories using local calibration of their thromboplastin reagent is better than for laboratories not performing local calibration. Implementing local calibration is strongly recommended for the measurement of INR.

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One Step Closer towards a Reliable Tinnitus Pitch-Match Frequency Determination Using Repetitive Recursive Matching

Audiology and Neurotology ◽

10.1159/000505308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 190-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniela Korth ◽

Andreas Wollbrink ◽

Robert Wunderlich ◽

Daniela Ivansic ◽

Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Choice Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Outlier Identification ◽

Excellent Internal Consistency ◽

One Step ◽

Matching Procedure ◽

The Mean ◽

Very High

Introduction: The determination of the tinnitus pitch-match (PM) frequency is not straightforward but an important audiological assessment recommended for clinical and research purposes. We evaluated repetitive recursive matching using an iPod-based matching procedure as a method to estimate a patient’s PM frequency without audiometric equipment. Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients with chronic tonal tinnitus (uni- and bilateral tinnitus) measured their tinnitus in 10 sessions using a self-administered automated iPod-based procedure comprising a recursive 2 interval forced-choice test. Results: Mean SD of the PM frequency of all participants across sessions was 0.41 octaves. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s α was very high (0.8–>0.95). As an example, 7 PMs obtained excellent internal consistency (α = 0.93). The exclusion of the first and/or second session led to more definite PMs with a decreased SD. Outliers were identified by PMs departing 2 SDs (i.e., 0.94 octaves) from the mean variability (n = 5). Conclusion: Repetitive recursive matching together with recommendations for the exclusion of initial and redundant sessions as well as outlier identification and treatment can enable a reliable estimation of the PM frequency.

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An Advanced Method to Estimate Deep Currents from Profiling Floats

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/jtech1748.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 1294-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Jong Jin Park ◽

Kuh Kim ◽

Brian A. King ◽

Stephen C. Riser

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

New Method ◽

Advanced Method ◽

Subsurface Ocean ◽

Least Squares Fit ◽

Geostrophic Shear ◽

The Mean ◽

Better Than

Abstract Subsurface ocean currents can be estimated from the positions of drifting profiling floats that are being widely deployed for the international Argo program. The calculation of subsurface velocity depends on how the trajectory of the float while on the surface is treated. The following three aspects of the calculation of drift velocities are addressed: the accurate determination of surfacing and dive times, a new method for extrapolating surface and dive positions from the set of discrete Argos position fixes, and a discussion of the errors in the method. In the new method described herein, the mean drift velocity and the phase and amplitude of inertial motions are derived explicitly from a least squares fit to the set of Argos position fixes for each surface cycle separately. The new method differs from previous methods that include prior assumptions about the statistics of inertial motions. It is concluded that the endpoints of the subsurface trajectory can be estimated with accuracy better than 1.7 km (East Sea/Sea of Japan) and 0.8 km (Indian Ocean). All errors, combined with the error that results from geostrophic shear and extrapolation, should result in individual subsurface velocity estimates with uncertainty of the order of 0.2 cm s−1.

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Perbandingan Algoritma Naive Bayes dan C.45 dalam Klasifikasi Data Mining

Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer ◽

10.25126/jtiik.201854803 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 455 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yogiek Indra Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Case Studies ◽

Credit Card ◽

Naive Bayes ◽

Naïve Bayes ◽

Training Data ◽

Test Results ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Better Than

Pada paper ini, telah diterapkan metode Naive Bayes serta C.45 ke dalam 4 buah studi kasus, yaitu kasus penerimaan “Kartu Indonesia Sehat”, penentuan pengajuan kartu kredit di sebuah bank, penentuan usia kelahiran, serta penentuan kelayakan calon anggota kredit pada koperasi untuk mengetahui algoritma terbaik di setiap kasus. Setelah itu, dilakukan perbandingan dalam hal Precision, Recall serta Accuracy untuk setiap data training dan data testing yang telah diberikan. Dari hasil implementasi yang dilakukan, telah dibangun sebuah aplikasi yang dapat menerapkan algoritma Naive Bayes dan C.45 di 4 buah kasus tersebut. Aplikasi telah diuji dengan blackbox dan algoritma dengan hasil valid dan dapat mengimplementasikan kedua buah algoritma dengan benar. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, semakin banyaknya data training yang digunakan, maka nilai precision, recall dan accuracy akan semakin meningkat. Selain itu, hasil klasifikasi pada algoritma Naive Bayes dan C.45 tidak dapat memberikan nilai yang absolut atau mutlak di setiap kasus. Pada kasus penentuan penerimaan Kartu Indonesia Sehat, kedua buah algoritma tersebut sama-sama efektif untuk digunakan. Untuk kasus pengajuan kartu kredit di sebuah bank, C.45 lebih baik daripada Naive Bayes. Pada kasus penentuan usia kelahiran, Naive Bayes lebih baik daripada C.45. Sedangkan pada kasus penentuan kelayakan calon anggota kredit di koperasi, Naive Bayes memberikan nilai yang lebih baik pada precision, tapi untuk recall dan accuracy, C.45 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik. Sehingga untuk menentukan algoritma terbaik yang akan dipakai di sebuah kasus, harus melihat kriteria, variable maupun jumlah data di kasus tersebut. AbstractIn this paper, applied Naive Bayes and C.45 into 4 case studies, namely the case of acceptance of “Kartu Indonesia Sehat”, determination of credit card application in a bank, determination of birth age, and determination of eligibility of prospective members of credit to Koperasi to find out the best algorithm in each case. After that, the comparison in Precision, Recall and Accuracy for each training data and data testing has been given. From the results of the implementation, has built an application that can apply the Naive Bayes and C.45 algorithm in 4 cases. Applications have been tested in blackbox and algorithms with valid results and can implement both algorithms correctly. Based on the test results, the more training data used, the value of precision, recall and accuracy will increase. The classification results of Naive Bayes and C.45 algorithms can not provide absolute value in each case. In the case of determining the acceptance of the Kartu Indonesia Indonesia, the two algorithms are equally effective to use. For credit card submission cases at a bank, C.45 is better than Naive Bayes. In the case of determining the age of birth, Naive Bayes is better than C.45. Whereas in the case of determining the eligibility of prospective credit members in the cooperative, Naive Bayes provides better value in precision, but for recall and accuracy, C.45 gives better results. So, to determine the best algorithm to be used in a case, it must look at the criteria, variables and amount of data in the case

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Investigation of the unfused cross cylinder test as an alternative method for the determination of spherical distance refraction end points

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v79i1.514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nkalebetja T. Makgaba ◽

Solani D. Mathebula

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Test Results ◽

End Points ◽

Room Illumination ◽

End Point ◽

Cylinder Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Young Adult Population ◽

The Mean

Background: The duochrome test is commonly used to refine the final sphere in refraction at different stages of a subjective refraction. The unfused cross cylinder test is mainly used to determine the near reading addition with a combination of astigmatic lenses.Aim: To investigate if the unfused cross cylinder test can be adapted for distance in finding the spherical end point for distance prescription.Setting: The study was conducted at an Optometry Clinic, University of Limpopo, South Africa.Methods: Fifty-one non-presbyopic subjects aged between 18 and 25 years were examined. The duochrome and unfused cross cylinder examinations were performed monocularly under normal (bright) and dim room illumination.Results: There was no significant difference in the spherical end point determined with either the duochrome or unfused cross cylinder tests (p ≥ 0.05). The mean spherical end points as determined with the duochrome test were −0.09 ± 0.39 diopre sphere (DS) (range: −0.20 to 0.12 dioptres [D]) in bright room illumination and −0.05 ± 0.38 DS (range: −0.16 D to 0.05 D) in dim illumination. The mean spherical end points for the unfused cross cylinder tests were −0.29 ± 0.39 DS (range: −0.18 D to 0.40 D) and −0.32 ± 0.43 DS (range: –0.44 D to –0.19 D) in room dim illuminations, respectively.Conclusion: The unfused cross cylinder test results as performed in this study may provide an accurate measurement of the spherical end point in a young adult population. We recommend the unfused cross cylinder test to be used in normal (bright) room illumination as an alternative to the duochrome test in the determination of distance refractive error.

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