scholarly journals Co-Channel Interference Suppression for LTE Passive Radar Based on Spatial Feature Cognition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Xiaoyong Lyu ◽  
Kefei Liao
Keyword(s):  
Interference Suppression ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Spatial Spectrum ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Passive Radar ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Reference Signals ◽  
Simulation Results

Passive radars based on long-term evolution (LTE) signals suffer from sever interferences. The interferences are not only from the base station used as the illuminator of opportunity (BS-IoO), but also from the other co-channel base stations (CCBS) working at the same frequency with the BS-IoO. Because the reference signals of the co-channel interferences are difficult to obtain, cancellation performance degrades seriously when traditional interference suppression methods are applied in LTE-based passive radar. This paper proposes a cascaded cancellation method based on the spatial spectrum cognition of interference. It consists of several cancellation loops. In each loop, the spatial spectrum of strong interferences is first recognized by using the cyclostationary characteristic of LTE signal and the compressed sensing technique. A clean reference signal of each interference is then reconstructed according to the spatial spectrum previously obtained. With the reference signal, the interferences are cancelled. At the end of each loop, the energy of the interference residual is estimated. If the interference residual is still strong, then the cancellation loop continues; otherwise it terminates. The proposed method can get good cancellation performance with a small-sized antenna array. Theoretical and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Measurement Report Period and Handoff Threshold Scheme Based on SINR Variation in LTE-A Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenhui Chen ◽  
Ching-Yang Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Threshold Scheme ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Adaptive Measurement ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Unnecessary Handoff

This paper deals with the problem of triggering handoff procedure at an appropriate point of time to reduce the ping-pong effect problem in the long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) network. In the meantime, we also have studied a dynamic handoff threshold scheme, named adaptive measurement report period and handoff threshold (AMPHT), based on the user equipment’s (UE’s) reference signal received quality (RSRQ) variation and the moving velocity of UE. AMPHT reduces the probability of unnecessarily premature handoff decision making and also avoids the problem of handoff failure due to too late handoff decision making when the moving velocity of UE is high. AMPHT is achieved by two critical parameters: (1) a dynamic RSRQ threshold for handoff making; (2) a dynamic interval of time for the UE’s RSRQ reporting. The performance of AMPHT is validated by comparing numerical experiments (MATLAB tool) with simulation results (the ns-3 LENA module). Our experiments show that AMPHT reduces the premature handoff probability by 34% at most in a low moving velocity and reduces the handoff failure probability by 25% in a high moving velocity. Additionally, AMPHT can reduce a large number of unnecessary handoff overheads and can be easily implemented because it uses the original control messages of 3GPP E-UTRA.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Bi-planar Antenna for Long Term Evolution Base Stations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 08-14
Author(s):  
Prof. Muhamad Angriawan
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Microstrip Line ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Planar Antenna ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Lower Band ◽  
Receiving Antenna

In this article, A bi-planar receiving antenna is planned for LTE convenient base stations. The proposed reception apparatus involves two parts one for the upper band and another for lower band. It can in like manner be shown without granulating folds. The lower band has the pair of printed dipoles with two or three parasitic parts for transmission limit improvement. The upper band contains a few crumbled dipoles. The microstrip line and dipole are cut on a comparative substrate. The upper band segments are wrapped in lower band segments encircling a diminished structure. The bi-planar receiving wire achieves an information transmission of around 2 GHz. The arranged receiving wire can be completed in versatile base stations. The radio wire increase achieved around ~12 dbi which is sensible for the adaptable correspondence base station structures.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic Based Coverage and Cost Effective Placement of Serving Nodes for 4G and Beyond Cellular Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthi Murugadass ◽  
Arulmozhivarman Pachiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Transmission Quality ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Coverage Holes

The densification of serving nodes is one of the potential solutions to maximize the spectral efficiency per unit area. This is preposterous on account of conventional base stations (BS) for which site procurement is costly. Long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) defines the idea of heterogeneous networks (HetNets), where BSs with different coverage and capacity are utilized to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the clients. To maximize the transmission quality of the clients in the coverage holes, LTE-A also defines multihop relay (MHR) networks, where the relay stations (RSs) are also placed along with the BSs. Unfortunately, the placement approaches for HetNet and MHR serving nodes are not standardized. In this work, two different approaches like site selection with maximum service coverage (SSMSC) and site selection with minimum placement cost (SSMPC) are proposed, which identifies the required number of serving nodes, their types, and the placement locations to maximize the coverage and to maintain the placement cost (PC) within the limits of the total placement budget. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approaches are computationally less complex and offer enhanced performance in terms of aggregate PC, coverage, and power proportion compared to the other conventional approaches.

scholarly journals Enhanced ABSF Algorithm with a Relay Function in LTE Heterogeneous Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Lehung Nguyen ◽  
Sungoh Kwon
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Intercell Interference ◽  
Scheduling Policy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Almost Blank Subframe

In this study, we enhance the almost blank subframe (ABSF) algorithm in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) heterogeneous network (HetNet) by providing a relay function. The ABSF is a technique proposed by the Third Generation Partnership Project to reduce interference in a HetNet. Despite the fact that the ABSF effectively mitigates intercell interference, it has two major disadvantages. First, the ABSF algorithm alters the scheduling policy of macro base stations. Second, it degrades the capacity of users served by femto base stations. Our proposed enhanced algorithm applies a relay function to assist victim macro user equipment (VMUE), and it reduces the side effects caused by the ABSF algorithm. Taking resource allocation and power control into account, the relay function assists VMUE in such a way that interference with other users is minimized. Via simulation results, the proposed algorithm exhibits improvements of 18% and 8% for system throughput and user satisfaction, respectively, in comparison with the conventional ABSF.

scholarly journals Analisis Tekno Ekonomi Biaya Capex dan Opex Implementasi Jaringan Long Term Evolution Area Banten

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Totok Yuwanto
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Coverage Estimation

Dengan semakin pesatnya pertumbuhan dan kebutuhan penggunaan data maka diperlukan suatu jaringan telekomunikasi yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut yaitu dalam hal kapasitas, kualitas, mobilitas dan kecepatan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan  tersebut maka perusahaan operator telekomunikasi  dituntut untuk menggelar  jaringan telekomunikasi  yang mempunyai kapasitas besar, kecepatan tinggi, handal dan mempunyai kualitas yang bisa memenuhi kebutuhan tsb .  Salah satu tehnologi seluler terbaru yang bisa memenuhi kebutuhan tsb adalah tehnologi LTE. Pada penelitian ini dianalisa secara teknologi dan ekonomi terhadap implementasi LTE release 8 pada jaringan operator existing dengan menggunakan skenario join base station. Model analisa yang digunakan berdasarkan prinsip tekno ekonomi dengan menggunakan metoda capacity planning and coverage estimation untuk menentukan perancangan teknologi LTE serta  metoda DCF untuk menganalisa secara ekonomi dan juga mengukur kelayakan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk implementasi LTE tersebut. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai NPV positif  dan IRR sebesar 12.95% , dengan nilai Pay Back Period 3 Tahun 1 Bulan. Berdasarkan hasil tsb dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi jaringan berbasis Long Term Evolution  (LTE)  di propinsi Banten layak untuk di implementasikan. 

scholarly journals Eficiencia de sistemas multiantena MU–MIMO por simulaciones de radiopropagación

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Javier Enrique Arévalo Peña
Keyword(s):  
Reference Signal ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
3Gpp Lte ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Received Power ◽  
La Red

El presente artículo tiene como propósito realizar la descripción de los resultados de simulación de radiopropagación con una antena MU{MIMO (4x4) en una red LTE (del inglés Long Term Evolution), con el fin de establecer su eciencia respecto a una antena estándar. En esta vía, se emplea la herramienta de diseño de redes inalámbricas ICS Designer en la cartografía digital de alta resolución en un escenario urbano de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Se utiliza el modelo 3GPP LTE en la simulación de la red LTE y se analizan los parametros RSRP (del inglés, Reference Signal Received Power), RSRQ (del inglés, Reference Signal Recieved Quality), SNIR (del inglés, Signal to Noise and Interference Ratio) rendimiento (Throughput) y QCI (del inglés, QoS Class Identier). Se evidencian, como consecuencia de los resultados, ventajas de las antenas MU-MIMO.

Energy Optimization at GSM Base Station Sites Located in Rural Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Anayochukwu Ani ◽  
Nzeako Anthony Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Software Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Energy Options ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Station Site ◽  
Mobile Base

This paper explores the best energy options by which the choice of the most energy optimized solution for a given GSM Base Station Site and location in any rural area in Nigeria can be made. The patterns of load consumption by mobile base stations at various geographical locations in rural areas are studied and suitably modeled for optimization using HOMER software. Simulation results show the optimized energy options to be superior to conventional solutions whereby diesel generators are currently used to power GSM Base Station Sites around Nigeria. Total Net Present Cost (NPC) and total impact on the environment are used as indices for measuring the optimization level of each energy solution. The solution with the highest optimization value is considered to be the best energy option for that Base Station Site.

Complex Angle Measuring Method of Passive-Radar-Seeker

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Na Zhao ◽  
Chang Di Shi ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Spatial Spectrum ◽  
Passive Radar ◽  
Spectrum Estimation ◽  
Angle Measuring ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Spatial Spectrum Estimation

To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional passive-radar-seeker(PRS) for anti-decoy, a complex angle measuring method is proposed in this letter. The complex angle measuring method consists of monopulse angle and spatial spectrum estimation, two angle-measuring units. PRS can get the angle high-resolution features through the complex angle measuring method. So it is possible that PRS confronts decoy. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility and anti-decoy capacity of the complex angle-measuring method.

An Improved Physical Downlink Control Channel De-Resource Mapping Method in Long Term Evolution Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3577-3580
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Wen Wen Xu ◽  
Jia Luo
Keyword(s):  
Reference Signal ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Control Channel ◽  
Evolution System ◽  
Resource Mapping ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
System Resource

In TD-LTE (Time Division-Long Term Evolution) system, Resource Element Group (REG) is the unit of de-resource mapping for Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), due to the reference signal should be considered, which lead to the large calculation. To solve this problem, a modified method is proposed in this paper to reduce the cycles of de-resource mapping. Calculation and simulation reveal that this scheme can reduce the calculation significantly. At the same time, the feasibility and effectiveness of this modified method have been verified.

Interference Mitigation for Satellite

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Yong Liao ◽  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Shumin Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Weight Vector ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Geo Satellite ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Terrestrial Network ◽  
4G Mobile Communication

For the coexistence and increasing interference of satellite-terrestrial network and terrestrial wireless network, we analyze a typical scenario where the GEO satellite-terrestrial network and the 4G mobile communication network coexist heterogeneously. Besides, a multi-user cognitive system model that secondary satellite terminals interfere the primary MIMO 4G base stations is also proposed, with whose general signal processing is deduced. Meanwhile, DBF technology in 4G base station system is adopted to minimize the cognitive interference caused by multi-antennas and multi-users. And we propose an OBW-FAI. Weight vector is only related to the azimuth of the interferences, thus the proposed algorithm does not need real-time and repeat calculations, and has small complexity. Finally, the numerical simulation results verify that the proposed system and algorithm can effectively reduce interference between satellite-terrestrial network and terrestrial wireless network to a certain extent.

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